Game da Abu Dhabi

Babban birnin Cosmopolitan na UAE

Abu Dhabi ita ce babban birnin duniya kuma masarauta ta biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE). Tana kan tsibirin T mai siffar T wanda ke shiga Tekun Farisa , kuma tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar siyasa da gudanarwa ta tarayyar masarautu bakwai.

Da yake tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da man fetur da iskar gas a da, Abu Dhabi ta himmatu wajen haɓaka tattalin arziki kuma ta kafa kanta a matsayin jagora a duniya a fannoni daban-daban, tun daga kuɗi zuwa yawon buɗe ido. Sheikh Zayed , wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, ya kasance mai hangen nesa mai ƙarfi ga Abu Dhabi a matsayin birni na zamani, wanda ke haɗa al'adun duniya tare da kiyaye muhimman fannoni na gado da asalin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

Takaitaccen Tarihin Abu Dhabi

Sunan Abu Dhabi ya fassara zuwa "Uban Barewa" ko "Uban Gazelle", wanda ke nufin al'adar namun daji da farauta ta asali ta yankin kafin a fara zama. Tun daga kusan shekarar 1760, ƙungiyar ƙabilun Bani Yas wacce dangin Al Nahyan ke jagoranta ta kafa matsugunan dindindin a tsibirin Abu Dhabi.

A ƙarni na 19, Abu Dhabi ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi na musamman da kariya da Birtaniya waɗanda suka kare ta daga rikice-rikicen yanki kuma suka ba da damar sabunta tattalin arziki a hankali, yayin da take bai wa iyalan da ke mulki damar riƙe 'yancin kai. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, bayan gano ma'ajiyar mai , Abu Dhabi ta fara fitar da ɗanyen mai da kuma amfani da kuɗaɗen shiga daga baya don rikidewa cikin sauri zuwa birni mai arziki da buri wanda marigayi shugabanta Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ya yi hasashe.

A yau, Abu Dhabi tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar siyasa da gudanarwa ta tarayyar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da aka kafa a shekarar 1971, da kuma cibiyar dukkan manyan cibiyoyin tarayya. Birnin kuma yana dauke da ofisoshin jakadancin kasashen waje da ofisoshin jakadanci da dama . Duk da haka, dangane da tattalin arziki da al'umma, Dubai da ke kusa ta zama masarautar da ta fi yawan jama'a da kuma bambancin al'adu a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

Geography, Climate da Layout

Masarautar Abu Dhabi ta mamaye fadin murabba'in kilomita 67,340, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 86% na jimlar fadin kasar UAE - wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar masarauta a girmanta. Duk da haka, kusan kashi 80% na wannan yankin ya kunshi hamada da yankunan bakin teku da ba su da yawa a wajen iyakokin birnin.

Shi kansa birnin da ke da maƙwabtaka da biranen ya mamaye murabba'in kilomita 1,100 kacal. Abu Dhabi yana da yanayin hamada mai zafi tare da bushes, lokacin sanyi da lokacin zafi sosai. Ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ruwan sama marar tabbas tsakanin Nuwamba da Maris.

Masarautar ta ƙunshi yankuna guda uku:

• kunkuntar yankin bakin teku mai iyaka da Gulf Persian a arewa, wanda ke nuna rairayin bakin teku, rairayin bakin teku, rairayin bakin teku da ruwan gishiri. Wannan shine inda tsakiyar birni da mafi yawan jama'a suka taru.
• Fadin faffadan fili, hamada mai yashi (wanda aka sani da al-dhafra) wanda ya shimfida kudu zuwa kan iyaka da Saudi Arabiya, wanda ke da watsewar tudu da kananan matsuguni.
• Yankin yamma yana iyaka da Saudiyya kuma ya ƙunshi manyan tsaunuka masu ban mamaki na Dutsen Hajar wanda ya kai kusan mita 1,300.

An shimfida birnin Abu Dhabi a cikin siffar karkatacciyar “T” tare da bakin tekun corniche da haɗin gada da yawa zuwa tsibiran da ke bakin teku kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa a Mamsha Al Saadiyat da tsibirin Reem. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da ci gaba da fadada manyan birane tare da hangen nesa na 2030 da aka mayar da hankali kan dorewa da rayuwa.

Bayanan Bayanin Alƙaluma da Tsarin Hijira

A bisa kididdigar hukuma ta shekarar 2017, jimillar al'ummar masarautar Abu Dhabi miliyan 2.9 ne , wanda ya kai kusan kashi 30% na jimillar al'ummar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. A cikin wannan adadi, kusan kashi 21% ne kawai 'yan asalin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ko kuma 'yan asalin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, yayin da 'yan kasashen waje da ma'aikatan kasashen waje suka fi yawa.

Yawan jama'a dangane da yankunan da ake zaune duk da haka ya kai kusan mutane 408 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Matsakaicin jinsi na namiji da mace a tsakanin mazauna Abu Dhabi yana da karkata sosai a kusan 3: 1 - saboda da farko saboda ƙarancin adadin ma'aikatan ƙaura maza da kuma rashin daidaituwar jinsi na aikin.

Saboda wadata da kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, musamman Abu Dhabi, sun fito a matsayin manyan wurare na ƙaura na ƙasashen duniya a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta, baƙi sun kai kusan kashi 88.5% na jimillar yawan al'ummar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a shekarar 2019 - mafi girman wannan kaso a duniya. 'Yan Indiya su ne mafi girman ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasashen waje, sai kuma 'yan Bangladesh, Pakistan da Filipino. 'Yan ƙasashen waje na Yamma da Gabashin Asiya masu samun kuɗi mai yawa suma suna da manyan sana'o'i na ƙwararru.

A cikin al'ummar Emirati na asali, al'umma suna bin al'adun uba na gadon kabilanci na Badawiyya. Yawancin Masarautar gida suna mamaye ayyukan jama'a masu yawan albashi kuma suna zama a cikin keɓantattun wuraren zama da ƙauyen ƙauyen kakanni waɗanda aka fi maida hankali a wajen cibiyoyin birni.

Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba

Tare da kimanin GDP na shekarar 2020 (a lokacin da ake siyan iko) na dala biliyan 414, Abu Dhabi ya ƙunshi sama da kashi 50% na jimlar GDP na ƙasar ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wannan GDP ya fito ne daga haƙar ɗanyen mai da iskar gas - wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 29% da 2% na hannun jarin mutum ɗaya bi da bi. Kafin fara ayyukan tattalin arziki masu ƙarfi da suka fara a shekarun 2000, jimlar gudummawar hydrocarbons sau da yawa ya wuce kashi 60%.

Jagoranci mai hangen nesa da ƙwararrun manufofin kasafin kuɗi sun ba Abu Dhabi damar ba da gudummawar kuɗaɗen mai zuwa manyan masana'antu, abubuwan more rayuwa na duniya, manyan cibiyoyin ilimi, abubuwan jan hankali na yawon shakatawa da sabbin masana'antu a duk faɗin fasaha, sabis na kuɗi tsakanin sauran fannoni masu tasowa. A yau, kusan kashi 64% na GDP na Masarautar sun fito ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ba na mai ba.

Sauran alamomin tattalin arziki kuma suna nuna saurin sauye-sauyen Abu Dhabi da girman halin yanzu tsakanin manyan biranen ci gaba da wadata a duniya:

• Kudin shiga kowane mutum ko GNI ya kai dala 67,000 kamar yadda alkalumman bankin duniya ya nuna.
• Kudaden arziqi irin su Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) sun yi kiyasin kadarorin da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 700, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mafi girma a duniya.
• Ƙimar Fitch ta ba Abu Dhabi darajar 'AA' da ake so - yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan kuɗi da hangen tattalin arziki.
• Bangaren da ba na mai ya sami ci gaba na shekara-shekara sama da kashi 7 cikin ɗari tsakanin 2003 da 2012 bisa manufofin rarrabuwa.
• An ware kusan dala biliyan 22 don ci gaba da ayyukan ci gaba a nan gaba a karkashin ayyukan gaggawa na gwamnati kamar Ghadan 21.

Duk da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da faduwar farashin mai da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi yanzu kamar rashin aikin yi na matasa da kuma dogaro da yawa ga ma'aikatan kasashen waje, Abu Dhabi yana shirin yin amfani da arzikin man fetur da albarkatun kasa don tabbatar da matsayinsa a duniya.

Manyan Sana'o'i Masu Taimakawa Tattalin Arziki

Oil and Gas

Gida zuwa sama da ganga biliyan 98 da aka tabbatar na danyen man fetur, Abu Dhabi yana rike da kusan kashi 90% na adadin man fetur na UAE. Manyan rijiyoyin mai a bakin teku sun hada da Asab, Sahil da Shah yayin da yankunan bakin teku kamar Umm Shaif da Zakum suka tabbatar da amfani sosai. Gabaɗaya, Abu Dhabi yana samar da kusan ganga miliyan 2.9 kowace rana - galibi don kasuwannin fitarwa.

ADNOC ko Abu Dhabi Kamfanin Mai na Kasa ya kasance babban dan wasan da ke kula da sama zuwa ayyukan kasa da kasa wanda ya shafi bincike, samarwa, tacewa zuwa sinadarai na mai da dillalan mai ta hanyar rassan kamar ADCO, ADGAS da ADMA-OPCO. Sauran kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa kamar British Petroleum, Shell, Total da ExxonMobil suma suna ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansu a karkashin kwangilar rangwame da hada-hadar hadin gwiwa da ADNOC.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, ana ba da fifiko kan ɗaukar ƙima daga hauhawar farashin mai ta hanyar masana'antu na ƙasa maimakon fitar da ɗanyen man fetur kawai. Ayyukan da ke da fa'ida a cikin bututun sun haɗa da matatar Ruwais da faɗaɗa petrochemical, kayan aikin Al Reyadah mai tsaka-tsakin carbon da tsarin sassaucin ɗanyen mai ta ADNOC.

makamashi

Tare da ƙarin fahimtar muhalli da manufofin dorewa, Abu Dhabi ta fito a cikin shugabannin duniya waɗanda ke fafutukar samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da tsafta a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu hangen nesa kamar Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber wanda ke jagorantar fitaccen kamfanin Masdar Clean Energy.

Masdar City, dake kusa da filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi na kasa da kasa, yana aiki a matsayin yanki mai ƙarancin carbon da cibiyoyin bincike na tsafta da ɗaruruwan kamfanoni na musamman waɗanda ke aiwatar da sabbin abubuwa a fannoni kamar makamashin hasken rana, motsin wutar lantarki da ɗorewar hanyoyin magance birane.

A wajen Masdar, wasu muhimman ayyukan makamashi da ake sabunta su a Abu Dhabi sun hada da manyan masana'antar hasken rana a Al Dhafra da Sweihan, masana'antar sarrafa makamashi, da kuma tashar makamashin nukiliyar Barakah da aka yi tare da Koriya ta KEPCO - wanda idan aka kammala za ta samar da kashi 25% na bukatun wutar lantarkin UAE.

Tafiya da Gida

Abu Dhabi tana da babban abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido wanda ya samo asali daga al'adunta masu cike da abubuwan jan hankali na zamani, kayayyakin more rayuwa na karimci, rairayin bakin teku masu tsabta da kuma yanayi mai dumi. Wasu kyawawan wurare sun sanya Abu Dhabi ta kasance cikin shahararrun wuraren shakatawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya :

• Abubuwan al'ajabi na gine-gine - Babban Masallacin Sheikh Zayed, Otal din Emirates Palace Hotel, fadar shugaban kasa Qasr Al Watan
• Gidajen tarihi da cibiyoyin al'adu - Shahararriyar Louvre Abu Dhabi, Gidan Tarihi na Zayed na Duniya
• Wuraren shakatawa na jigo da wuraren shakatawa - Ferrari World, Warner Bros. Duniya, abubuwan jan hankali na Yas Island
• Sarkar otal da wuraren shakatawa na Upmarket - Shahararrun ma'aikata kamar Jumeirah, Ritz-Carlton, Anantara da Rotana suna da babban halarta.
• Manyan kantunan siyayya da nishaɗi - Wuraren dillalai masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da Yas Mall, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya da Marina Mall da ke kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa na alatu.

Yayin da rikicin COVID-19 ya afkawa bangaren yawon bude ido sosai, matsakaici da tsayin daka na ci gaba na ci gaba da kasancewa mai inganci yayin da Abu Dhabi ke karfafa haɗin gwiwa, ta samar da sabbin kasuwanni fiye da Turai kamar Indiya da China yayin da take haɓaka al'adunta.

Ayyukan Kuɗi da Ƙwararru

Daidaitawa tare da manufofin zartarwa na tattalin arziki, Abu Dhabi ya yi aiki tare da ingantaccen yanayin halittu da ke cikin masana'antu masu samar da ilimi, inshir.

Kasuwancin Duniya na Abu Dhabi (ADGM) wanda aka ƙaddamar a gundumar Al Maryah Island yana aiki a matsayin yanki na tattalin arziki na musamman tare da nasa dokokin kasuwanci da na kasuwanci, yana ba wa kamfanoni 100% ikon mallakar ƙasashen waje da harajin sifili kan maido da riba - don haka yana jan hankalin manyan bankunan duniya da cibiyoyin kuɗi. .

Hakazalika, Yankin Kyauta na Filin Jirgin Sama na Abu Dhabi (ADAFZ) kusa da tashoshi na tashar jiragen sama yana sauƙaƙe kamfanoni mallakar 100% na ƙasashen waje don amfani da Abu Dhabi a matsayin yanki na yanki don faɗaɗa cikin kasuwannin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Masu ba da sabis na ƙwararru kamar masu ba da shawara, kamfanonin tallace-tallace da masu haɓaka mafita na fasaha suna ba da gudummawar irin waɗannan abubuwan ƙarfafawa don shigar kasuwa cikin santsi da haɓaka.

Gwamnati da Gudanarwa

Mulkin gado na dangin Al Nahyan yana ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba tun 1793, daga lokacin da aka fara matsugunin Bani Yas na tarihi a Abu Dhabi. Shugaban kasa kuma mai mulkin Abu Dhabi ne ke karbar nadin Firayim Minista a cikin babbar gwamnatin tarayya ta UAE.

Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan a halin yanzu yana riƙe da mukamai biyu. Duk da haka, bai da wani tasiri a harkokin gudanarwa na yau da kullun, inda ƙaninsa Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed, amintacce kuma mai girmamawa , ke da iko mafi girma a matsayin Yarima Mai Jiran Gado kuma shugaban ƙasa mai cikakken iko, wanda ke jagorantar tsarin aiki da hangen nesa na tarayya na Abu Dhabi.

Don dacewa da gudanarwa, Masarautar Abu Dhabi ta kasu kashi uku na gundumomi - Karamar Hukumar Abu Dhabi da ke kula da babban birni, gundumar Al Ain da ke kula da garuruwan oasis na cikin gida, da yankin Al Dhafra da ke lura da yankunan hamada mai nisa a yamma. Waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi suna gudanar da ayyukan gudanar da ayyukan jama'a kamar kayayyakin more rayuwa, sufuri, ababen more rayuwa, ka'idojin kasuwanci da tsare-tsaren birane don hukunce-hukuncen su ta hanyar hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu da sassan gudanarwa.

Al'umma, Mutane da Rayuwa

Fuskoki da yawa na musamman sun shiga tsakani a cikin tsarin zamantakewa da ainihin al'adun Abu Dhabi:

• Ƙarfin tambarin 'yan asali Gadon Masarautar ya kasance a bayyane ta hanyar abubuwa kamar jurewar kabilanci da manyan iyalai, shaharar tseren raƙumi da ƙwalwa a matsayin wasannin gargajiya, mahimmancin addini da cibiyoyi na ƙasa kamar sojoji a rayuwar jama'a.
• Zamantakewa cikin sauri da wadatar tattalin arziki kuma sun haifar da fa'ida salon rayuwa na duniya cika da abubuwa na mabukaci, kyakyawan kasuwanci, gauraye-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle) da kuma al'amuran fasaha da abubuwan da suka faru a duniya.
• A }arshe, yawan }ungiyoyin }asashen }asa da }asashen waje ya }unshi bambancin kabilanci da bambancin al'adu - tare da bukukuwan al'adun kasashen waje da yawa, wuraren ibada da abinci suna samun tsayayyen tushe. Koyaya, tsadar rayuwa mai tsada kuma yana hana zurfafa alaƙa tsakanin mazauna gida da mazaunan ƙasashen waje waɗanda galibi suna ɗaukar Abu Dhabi azaman wurin aiki na wucin gadi maimakon gida.

Amfani da albarkatun da ke da alhakin bin ka'idodin tattalin arziki madauwari da kula da muhalli suma suna ƙara zama sabbin alamomin buri na Abu Dhabi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin maganganun hangen nesa kamar Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030.

Yankunan Haɗin kai tare da Singapore

Sakamakon kamanceceniya a cikin tsarin tattalin arzikin da ke da ƙaramin tushe na cikin gida da kuma rawar da ake takawa don daidaita kasuwancin duniya, Abu Dhabi da Singapore sun kulla dangantakar abokantaka mai ƙarfi da mu'amala akai-akai a fannonin ciniki, saka hannun jari da haɗin gwiwar fasaha:

• Kamfanonin Abu Dhabi kamar asusun arziƙi na Mubadala suna ba da jari mai yawa a cikin sassan Singapore a duk faɗin fasaha, magunguna da sassan ƙasa.
• Kamfanonin Singapore kamar kamfanin saka hannun jari Temasek da ma'aikacin tashar jiragen ruwa PSA ma sun ba da gudummawar manyan ayyukan tushen Abu Dhabi kamar na gaske da kayan aikin dabaru a yankin Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi (KIZAD).
• Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Abu Dhabi da tashoshi suna haɗawa da layukan jigilar kayayyaki sama da 40 na Singapore da tasoshin da ke kira can.
• A cikin fannonin al'adu da jari-hujja, wakilan matasa, haɗin gwiwar jami'a da haɗin gwiwar bincike suna ba da damar zurfafa dangantaka.
• Ƙungiyoyin fahimtar juna sun kasance a kusa da yankunan haɗin gwiwa kamar sufuri, fasahar kiyaye ruwa, kimiyyar halittu da cibiyar kudi ta tsibirin Al-Maryah.

Hakanan ana samun haɓaka mai ƙarfi ta hanyar musayar manyan ministoci da ziyarar jahohi, Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Singapore ta buɗe wani babi na gida da kamfanonin jiragen sama na Ethihad da ke zirga-zirgar jiragen sama kai tsaye da ke nuna haɓakar zirga-zirga. Haɓaka damar da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwar fasaha da amincin abinci suna ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi a gaba.

Facts, Superlatives and Stats

Anan ga wasu fitattun bayanai da ƙididdiga waɗanda ke taƙaita matsayin Abu Dhabi na farko:

• Tare da jimlar GDP da aka kiyasta sama da dala biliyan 400, Abu Dhabi yana cikin manyan 50 mafi arziki tattalin arzikin matakin ƙasa a duniya.
• An yi imanin cewa kadarorin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar dukiyar sun haura dala biliyan 700 ya sanya Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Abu Dhabi (ADIA) mafi girma a duniya irin wannan motar saka hannun jari mallakar gwamnati.
• Kusa da 10% na jimlar da aka tabbatar a duniya danyen mai wanda ke cikin masarautar Abu Dhabi - wanda ya kai ganga biliyan 98.
• Gida ga rassan fitattun cibiyoyi kamar su Louvre Museum da Jami'ar Sorbonne - duka farko a wajen Faransa.
• An karɓi baƙi sama da miliyan 11 a cikin 2021, wanda ya sa Abu Dhabi ya zama 2^nd birni mafi yawan ziyarta a kasashen Larabawa.
• Babban Masallacin Sheikh Zayed wanda ya shahara a duniya wanda ke da kadada sama da hekta 40 da farar gidaje 82 ya rage. 3^rd masallaci mafi girma a dukan duniya.
• Birnin Masdar yana daya daga cikin mafi ɗorewar ci gaban birane tare da 90% kore sarari da kuma wurare gaba ɗaya powered by sabuntawa.
• Otal ɗin Emirates Palace mai dakuna 394 na alatu ya ƙunshi fiye da haka 1,000 Swarovski crystal chandeliers.

Outlook da Vision

Duk da yake gaskiyar tattalin arziki na yanzu da dogaro da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙasashen waje suna haifar da ƙalubale masu rikitarwa, Abu Dhabi da alama yana shirye don ci gaba da ci gaba a matsayin ci gaban tattalin arziƙin yankin GCC kuma babban birni na duniya yana haɗa al'adun Larabawa tare da babban buri.

Arzikinta mai arzikin man fetur, kwanciyar hankali, tanadin iskar gas da kuma saurin ci gaba a kan makamashin da ake sabunta shi ya sanya shi cikin fa'ida don ayyukan jagoranci na dabarun magance sauyin yanayi da al'amuran tsaron makamashi da ke fuskantar duniya. A halin yanzu, sassa masu bunƙasa kamar yawon shakatawa, kiwon lafiya da fasaha suna ba da babbar dama ga ayyukan tattalin arziki na ilimi waɗanda ke cin kasuwannin duniya.

Haɗe waɗannan zaren da yawa shine tsarin ɗabi'a na Masarautar da ya haɗa da jaddada al'adu da yawa, ƙarfafa mata da kuma tarnaki masu kyau waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaban ɗan adam mai dorewa zuwa makoma mai haske. Abu Dhabi da alama an ƙaddara shi don ƙarin canji mai ban sha'awa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.