Medical matenda olakwika zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira. Zofufuza zimasonyeza kuti 25 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi osadziwika bwino chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale si onse matenda olakwika ndalama ku kusachita bwino, matenda olakwika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza ndi kuvulaza akhoza kukhala milandu yolakwika.

Zinthu Zofunika Pakufunsidwa Molakwika

Kubweretsa chotheka mlandu wamankhwala olakwika chifukwa matenda olakwika, zinthu zinayi zofunika zalamulo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa:

1. Ubale wa Dokotala ndi Wodwala

Payenera kukhala ubale wa dokotala ndi wodwala zomwe zimakhazikitsa a ntchito ya chisamaliro ndi dokotala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munali kapena mumayenera kukhala pansi pa chisamaliro cha dotolo pamene matenda olakwikawo adachitika.

2. Kunyalanyaza

Dokotala ayenera kuchita mosasamala, kupatuka ku ndi muyezo wovomerezeka wa chisamaliro izo zikanayenera kuperekedwa. Kungolakwa chabe pankhani ya matenda sikufanana ndi kunyalanyaza nthawi zonse.

3. Zotsatira Zowopsa

Iyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti Kuzindikira molakwika kunayambitsa vuto, monga kuvulazidwa kwakuthupi, kulumala, malipiro otayika, ululu ndi kuzunzika, kapena kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwecho.

4. Kutha Kunena Zowonongeka

Muyenera kuti mudawononga ndalama zomwe zinganenedwe mwalamulo chipukuta.

"Kuti apange vuto lachipatala, payenera kukhala udindo wa dokotala kwa wodwalayo, kuphwanya ntchitoyo ndi dokotala, ndi kuvulala komwe kunayambika chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa dokotala." - American Medical Association

Mitundu ya Zolakwitsa Zosasamala

Matenda olakwika zitha kukhala zingapo, kutengera cholakwika chomwe chachitika:

• Kuzindikira koyipa - matenda olakwika amapezeka
• Kuzindikira kophonya - dokotala amalephera kuzindikira kupezeka kwa vuto
• Kuchedwa kuzindikira - matenda amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amachitira kuchipatala
• Kulephera kuzindikira zovuta - zovuta zomwe zikusowa zokhudzana ndi zomwe zilipo

Kuyang'ana kowoneka ngati kosavuta kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa kwa wodwalayo. Kuwonetsa ndendende momwe dokotala adanyalanyaza ndikofunikira.

Nthawi zambiri Osazindikirika Molakwika

Zinthu zina ndizosavuta zolakwika za matenda. Odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi awa:

• Cancer
• Matenda a mtima
• zikwapu
• Appendicitis
• shuga

Zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino kapena zosaoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza matendawa. Koma kulephera kuzindikira matendawa msanga kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.

“Sikuti matenda onse ndi olakwika. Zolakwa zina n’zosapeŵeka, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino koposa.” - New England Journal of Medicine

Zifukwa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Zolakwa Zofufuza

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa madokotala kutero matenda olakwika ndikuchita zolakwika zomwe zingayambitse kusachita bwino:

• Kusokonekera kwa kulumikizana -Nkhani popereka kapena kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za odwala
• Kuyeza kolakwika kwachipatala - Zotsatira za mayeso olakwika kapena olakwika
• Chizindikiro cha atypical - Zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino/zosayembekezereka zimavuta kuzindikira
• Kusatsimikizika kwachilengedwe - Zina mwazinthu zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira

Kuwonetsa ndendende momwe izi kapena zinthu zina zidabweretsera kusazindikira kumapangitsa kuti anthu azinyalanyaza.

Zotsatira za Misdiagnoses

Matenda olakwika zimabweretsa zotsatira zazikulu, kuphatikizapo:

• Kukula kwa matenda osachiritsika, akuipiraipira
• Mavuto obwera chifukwa chamankhwala osafunikira komanso zotsatira zamankhwala
• Kupsinjika maganizo - nkhawa, kutaya chikhulupiriro kwa madokotala
• Kupunduka pamene matenda akuchulukirachulukira kumayambitsa kutayika kwa luso
• Imfa yolakwika

Zotsatira zake zikamakula, m'pamenenso zimawonetsa kuvulaza komwe kumachitika. Kuwonongeka kwachuma komanso kosagwirizana ndi zachuma kunganenedwe potengera zotsatirazi.

Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita Pambuyo Pokayikiridwa Molakwika

Ngati mutapeza kuti mwalandira matenda olakwika, chitanipo kanthu mwachangu:

• Pezani zolemba zonse zachipatala - Izi zimatsimikizira zomwe mwapeza
• Funsani loya wolakwa pazachipatala - Chitsogozo chazamalamulo ndichofunikira pamilandu iyi
• Werengani ndi kulemba zotayika zonse - Kuwerengera ndalama zachipatala, ndalama zomwe zatayika, zowawa ndi zowawa

Nthawi ndiyofunikira, chifukwa malamulo oletsa amaletsa nthawi yolemba mawindo. Woyimira milandu wodziwa bwino amathandizira izi.

"Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti simunapezekepo ndipo mwavulazidwa, funsani loya wodziwa bwino za malamulo okhudza zachipatala." - American Bar Association

Kupanga Mlandu Wamphamvu Wolakwika Wosazindikira

Kupanga mlandu wokakamiza kumafuna luso lazamalamulo komanso umboni wachipatala. Njira zikuphatikizapo:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri azachipatala kukhazikitsa kusasamala - Umboni waukatswiri umalankhula ndi miyezo yoyenera yowunikira komanso ngati idaphwanyidwa
• Kulozera pomwe cholakwikacho chidachitika - Kuzindikiritsa zomwe zidachitika kapena zosiya zomwe zidayambitsa kusazindikira
• Kusankha yemwe ali ndi udindo – Doctor mwachindunji udindo? Kuyesa labu? Wopanga zida zomwe zidapangitsa zotsatira zolakwika?

Kutsimikizira bwino kusasamala ndi kuchititsa mwanjira iyi kungapangitse kapena kuswa mlanduwo.

Kubwezeretsa Zowonongeka mu Milandu Yolakwika

Ngati kunyalanyaza kukhazikitsidwa pakuzindikira molakwika, zowonongeka zomwe zinganenedwe zikuphatikizapo:

Zowonongeka Zachuma

• Ndalama zamankhwala
• Ndalama zotayika
• Kutayika kwa zopeza zamtsogolo

Zowonongeka Zosagwirizana ndi Zachuma

• Zowawa zakuthupi/malingaliro
• Kutaya bwenzi
• Kutaya chisangalalo cha moyo

Zowononga Zachilango

• Amaperekedwa ngati kunyalanyaza kuli kosasamala kapena koopsa.

Lembani zotayika zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito uphungu wazamalamulo kuti muwonjezere kubweza.

Statute of Limitations Nkhani

Malamulo a malire kulamula masiku omaliza adziko lonse okapereka madandaulo olakwika azachipatala. Izi zimachokera ku chaka chimodzi (Kentucky) mpaka zaka 1 (Maine). Kusunga chigamulo chomaliza kungathe kuthetseratu chigamulocho. Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikofunikira.

“Musanyalanyaze kuzindikiridwa molakwa, makamaka ngati mukukhulupirira kuti zakuvulazani. Pitani kuchipatala ndi malangizo azamalamulo mwamsanga.” - American Patient Advocacy Association

Kutsiliza

Kuzindikira kolakwika kwachipatala komwe kumaphwanya muyezo wa chisamaliro ndikupangitsa kuti kuvulazidwa kwa odwala kupewedwe kumadutsa m'malo osasamala komanso osachita bwino. Maphwando ovutika omwe akupirira kutayika ali ndi zifukwa zalamulo zochitirapo kanthu.

Pokhala ndi malire okhwima, zovuta zamalamulo kuti ziziyenda, komanso umboni wochokera kwa akatswiri azachipatala wofunikira, kutsatira milandu yodziwika bwino kumafunikira chitsogozo chaluso. Woyimira milandu wodziwa bwino zamalamulo azachipatala ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa zovuta zodalirika. Makamaka pamene thanzi la munthu, zopezera zofunika pa moyo wake ndi chilungamo zili pamlingo woyenera.

Zitengera Zapadera

• Si zolakwa zonse zozindikiritsa zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zolakwika
• Kusasamala komwe kumavulaza odwala mwachindunji ndikofunikira
• Nthawi yomweyo pezani zolemba zachipatala ndikufunsana ndi aphungu
• Akatswiri azachipatala amachirikiza umboni wa kunyalanyaza
• Kuwonongeka kwachuma komanso komwe sikuli kwachuma kunganenedwe
• Malamulo okhwima a malire akugwiritsidwa ntchito
• Thandizo lazamalamulo lodziwa bwino limalangizidwa kwambiri

Palibe mayankho osavuta pamilandu yolakwika. Koma ukatswiri woyenera wamalamulo kumbali yanu ukhoza kupanga kusiyana kulikonse kufunafuna chilungamo.