Ndalama kuchapa ndi njira yopangira lalikulu ndalama za ndalama- zopangidwa kudzera chigawenga ntchito monga kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga—zikuoneka kuti zikuchokera chovomerezeka magwero kapena ntchito. Ndi vuto lalikulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe Oweruza angathandize kwambiri polimbana.

Chidule cha Kubera Ndalama

Kusamba ndalama nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'magawo atatu: Kusinthaku, kuyikandipo kusakanikirana.
pa Kusinthaku, zigawenga zimalowetsa kaye ndalama “zauve” zopezeka m’zochita zosaloledwa m’dongosolo lazachuma lovomerezeka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kutha lalikulu zimapanga ndalama zing'onozing'ono zomwe sizingakweze mbendera zofiira.
Mu kuyika Phase, chigawenga chimachita zinthu zovuta zachuma kuti atalikirane ndi ndalama zake zosaloledwa gwero. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira monga kutumiza waya kunja kwa nyanja kapena kutumizira ndalama kudzera m'chipolopolo makampani.
Pomaliza, pa nthawi kusakanikirana, ndalamazo zimalowetsanso chuma chovomerezeka chobisika ngati chovomerezeka ndalama zabizinesi. Panthawi imeneyi, a chigawenga wachapa ndalamazo bwinobwino.
Njira wamba ntchito kuchotsera ndalama zikuphatikizapo ndondomeko zamalonda, kugwiritsa ntchito kasino ndi malonda ogulitsa nyumba, kupanga zipolopolo ndi makampani akutsogolo, kusokoneza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika njira zatsopano zolipirira monga cryptocurrencies.
Mulingo wa kuchotsera ndalama padziko lonse lapansi ndi chachikulu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, pafupifupi $800 biliyoni mpaka $2 thililiyoni amachotsedwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimapanga 2% mpaka 5% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Banks, kusinthanitsa ndalama, ma casino, mabungwe ogulitsa nyumba, kusinthanitsa ndalama za cryptocurrency, ndipo ngakhale maloya akhoza kuloleza ndalama mwangozi mwa kulephera kuchita mosamala pazochitika zokayikitsa ndi makasitomala, komanso kusadziwa zosiyanasiyana. mitundu yachinyengo mu accounting zomwe zimathandizira ndondomekoyi.

Zotsatira Zakuba Ndalama

Kubera ndalama kumathandizira kuti pakhale zachiwembu ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pagulu:

Zimapereka ndalama zofunikira zowopsa chigawenga ntchito ngati mankhwala malonda, zigawenga kuukira, kugulitsa zida zankhondo, katangale, ngakhalenso kuphana.
Kuzemba misonkho kwakukulu kumasokoneza ndalama za boma zofunika pa zomangamanga, maphunziro, ntchito zaumoyo, ndi ntchito zina zaboma.
Imasokoneza kwambiri deta yamalonda yapadziko lonse ndi zachuma pobisa komwe amachokera ndi komwe akupita ndalama anadutsa malire.
Kulowetsedwa kwa mabiliyoni a madola otayidwa m'misika yapamwamba yogulitsa nyumba kumapangitsa kuti nyumba ziwonjezeke, zomwe zikuipiraipira kusalingana ndi kusowa pokhala.
Pobisa kudziwika kwa anthu ndi kubisa umwini, kumathandizira katangale m'maboma, kumawononga kuyankha, ndikuwopseza chitetezo cha dziko.

“Kubera ndalama ndiye njira yaupandu. Popanda kutero, maulamuliro aupandu padziko lonse angagwe.” - John Cassara, katswiri wobera ndalama komanso wakale wazamalamulo ku US

Kwa anthu ndi makampani omwe agwidwa akuthandizira kubera ndalama, kaya modziwa kapena mosadziwa, zotsatira zake ndizovuta kwambiri:

Zilango zolimba zachuma nthawi zambiri mumamiliyoni a madola chifukwa cholephera mwadongosolo pakuwongolera kwa AML.
chaukali kuwononga mbiri kwa anthu ndi mabungwe azachuma omwe akhudzidwa.
Kuzimitsa kapena kulandidwa kwazinthu zilizonse zotsatiridwa ndi ndalama zomwe zatulutsidwa.
Kukhala m’ndende kwautali pakuweruzidwa chifukwa cha kuwononga ndalama kapena milandu yokhudzana ndi zachuma.

Malamulo a Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Regulations

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu komanso lowopsali, mayiko ambiri ali ndi malamulo ndi mabungwe ambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira ndi kupewa kuba ndalama:

United Arab Emirates ili ndi malamulo okhwima othana ndi kuba ndalama, mogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka malingaliro a Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Lamulo la AML (Federal Decree-Law No. 20 of 2018): Ili ndiye lamulo loyamba la AML ku UAE. Imatanthauzira milandu yowononga ndalama ndikukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa komanso kulanga ntchito zowononga ndalama. Lamuloli limakhudza milandu yochulukirapo (milandu yayikulu yomwe imabweretsa ndalama zosavomerezeka) ndipo imagwira ntchito m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mabungwe azachuma, mabizinesi osankhidwa omwe siazachuma ndi akatswiri, ndi mabungwe osapindula.

Malangizo a Banki Yapakati: Banki Yaikulu ya UAE imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane ndi zozungulira kumabungwe azachuma, kupereka dongosolo lamakasitomala mosamala, kuyang'anira zochitika, komanso kupereka malipoti okayikitsa. Mabungwe azachuma akuyenera kukhazikitsa njira zamkati ndi machitidwe owongolera kuti azindikire ndikuwonetsa zochitika zokayikitsa.

Kupereka Malipoti Zokayikitsa: Mabungwe akuyenera kupereka lipoti mwachangu ku UAE Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). FIU imagwira ntchito pansi pa Banki Yaikulu ndipo ili ndi udindo wolandira, kusanthula, ndi kufalitsa zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi kuwononga ndalama kapena kuthandizira zigawenga.

Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse: UAE ikutenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zapadziko lonse lapansi zolimbana ndi kuba ndalama mwachinyengo komanso kuthandizira zigawenga. Lavomereza misonkhano ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi membala wa bungwe la Gulf Cooperation Council's Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Commission.

Zilango ndi Kukakamiza: Lamulo la AML limapereka zilango zokhwima pamilandu yowononga ndalama, kuphatikiza chindapusa ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende. Mabungwe amilandu ku UAE ndi mabungwe azamalamulo ali ndi mphamvu zofufuza ndikuyimba milandu yowononga ndalama.

Kuyang'anira ndi Kutsata Kwanthawi Zonse: Mabungwe azachuma ndi mabungwe ena omwe ali ndi udindo akuyenera kuyang'anira ubale wawo wamabizinesi mosalekeza ndikuchita mosamala kwambiri ngati pali zoopsa zambiri.

Kuwunika Zowopsa ndi Kuwongolera: Mabungwe akuyenera kuwunika pafupipafupi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kuti amvetsetse ndikuwongolera kuwonekera kwawo pakuba ndalama ndi ziwopsezo zopeza zigawenga.

Maphunziro ndi Chidziwitso: Mapulogalamu ophunzitsidwa nthawi zonse amaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe azachuma komanso omwe si achuma kuti awonetsetse kuti akudziwa malamulo a AML ndipo amatha kuzindikira ndikupereka lipoti la zomwe akukayikira.

Zitsanzo zenizeni zachitetezo ku UAE zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa dzikolo pothana ndi kuba ndalama mwachinyengo. Mwachitsanzo, UAE yawona milandu yayikulu pomwe mabungwe azachuma amalipidwa chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo a AML.

Malamulo a AML a UAE ndi atsatanetsatane ndipo adapangidwa kuti aletse, kuzindikira, ndikuyimba mlandu pazakuba ndalama. Iwo akuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa dzikoli kusunga umphumphu wa kayendetsedwe kake ka chuma ndi kaimidwe kake m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Komabe, ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa njira zowonongera ndalama, pali mipata yayikulu yowongolera yomwe maloya atha kuthandizira pakudziwitsa bwino komanso kuwongolera zoopsa, kuthandizira. anti money laundering UAE zoyambitsa.

Loya Wobera Ndalama Amapereka Ntchito Zazamalamulo Zofunikira Zokhudzana ndi Milandu Yazachuma Yambiri

Kubera ndalama kumaphatikizapo kubisa ndalama zosaloleka kapena kuzipangitsa kuwoneka ngati zololeka kudzera muzochitika zovuta. Zimathandizira zigawenga kubisala ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zosaloledwa ndi lamulo monga chinyengo, kuzemba msonkho, kapena kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Monga anti-money laundering padziko lonse lapansi (AML) malamulo akuchulukirachulukira, mabizinesi komanso anthu akukumana ndi zilango zokhwima chifukwa chosatsatira kapena kulowerera mwachindunji m'machitidwe owononga ndalama. M'malo ano, ntchito za akatswiri odziwa zamalamulo ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Maloya owononga ndalama ali ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo wamalamulo ovuta komanso malamulo owongolera zovuta milandu yachuma ku UAE. Kaya akuyimira makasitomala omwe akuwaimba mlandu kapena kupereka upangiri wotsatira, amatumiza zinthu zingapo zofunika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutsogolera makasitomala pofufuza, kupanga chitetezo champhamvu chazamalamulo, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndondomeko za AML ndi zoyembekeza zokhazikika.

Zilango Zokhwima Zamalamulo Zikugwira Ntchito

Anthu omwe akuimbidwa milandu yowononga ndalama akukumana ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Zilango zimasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

Zilango zokulirapo zandalama mpaka kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zabedwa.
Katundu wathunthu kulandidwa kuphatikiza katundu, magalimoto, mabizinesi, ndi akaunti yakubanki.
Zaka za m'ndende kutengera zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa zinyalala komanso mbiri yakale.

Kwa mabizinesi, zotulukapo zake zikuphatikiza chindapusa chokulirapo, ziphaso zothetsedwa, mabungwe othetsedwa, ndi mangawa amunthu payekha kwa otsogolera omvera. Kuwongolera mwachidziwitso kuwononga ndalama kumabweretsanso kwambiri kuwononga mbiri. Ndi luso lotsogola lazachuma, ozenga milandu amawona kuti kutsegulira milandu kumakhala kotheka.

"Kukhala chete kwawo ndi chida chawo, chinsinsi cha kasitomala ndi chishango chotsutsana ndi chilungamo." - Woweruza woweruza mlandu wobera ndalama

Chifukwa Chake Kuimira Mwalamulo Kuli Kofunika?

Kufufuza kafukufuku wowononga ndalama ndi milandu popanda chitetezo chazamalamulo ndizovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi lawyer mu UAE, Advocate [[Hassan Elhais]], "Choyamba chanzeru kwambiri ndikufunsana ndi katswiri wazamalamulo". Kumvetsetsa kwawo mozama malamulo oyendetsera ndalama kumatsimikizira kukhala kofunikira. Amaperekanso:

Kuyankha Mwamsanga

Akuluakulu akayamba kufunsa, maloya omwe amalumikizana mwachangu amathandiza olemba nkhani kukayikira ngati zonenedweratu zili zolondola pazaka zoyambirira.

Kuyendera Umboni

Kuyang'ana mozama umboni wapamlanduwu umavumbulutsa kusagwirizana kuti milandu ikhale yosavomerezeka. Popanda kuwunika mwachangu pambuyo pa kulanda, chuma chomwe chimachirikiza mabizinesi ndi moyo wawo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozizira.

Kukopa Otsutsa

Maloya aluso amakambitsirana ndi ozenga milandu, kuwunikira zofooka zaumboni ndikuwatsogolera pakuchotsa milandu kapena kuchepetsa zilango.

Chitetezo cha Khothi

Amateteza makasitomala mwamphamvu m'khoti powatsutsa mwalamulo ngati milandu ikupitilira. Izi zikuphatikiza kutsutsa kwathunthu umboni wokayikitsa.

Chitsogozo Chokhazikika pa Maudindo a AML

Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo champhamvu chaupandu, maloya owononga ndalama amapereka chitsogozo chokhazikika pazantchito zamalamulo pamilandu yovuta. Amapereka upangiri wokhazikika komanso njira zabwino zotsata kuti azindikire ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka. Zomwe zimafala ndi izi:

Kukonza njira zoperekera malipoti za AML, kuwunika kwamkati ndi kulimbikira kogwirizana ndi zaposachedwa Malangizo a FATF.
Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito kuzindikira ndi kupereka lipoti mwachangu zochita zokayikitsa kudzera ma SAR ndi njira zina zowulula zovomerezeka.
Kutsimikizira nthawi ndi nthawi njira za KYC kuonetsetsa njira zowunikira makasitomala fotokozani zosintha zomwe zazindikirika ngozi zowononga ndalama ndi typology.

Madera Owonjezera Akatswiri

Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso zamalamulo, maloya owononga ndalama amathandizanso pazinthu zina:

Thandizo lobwezeretsa katundu pambuyo pa kuzizira kapena kugwidwa ndi milandu.
Kukopa chindapusa chowongolera ndi zilango zoyang'anira pounikira zolakwika munjira ndikulemba mapangano othetsa vutoli.
Kuteteza zopempha za extradition ndi kulangiza njira za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pakufufuza m'malire a mayiko angapo.
Kuwunika kwazamaakaunti, makontrakitala ndi kusinthanitsa kuti muwone zosintha kapena zotulukapo mukapeza ndalama zosagwirizana ndi Investor.

Kusankha Uphungu Woyenera Pazamalamulo

Ndi ukatswiri apadera azachuma ndi zamalamulo pakufunika kotereku, kusamala mosamala posankha uphungu ndikwanzeru panjira ngati milingo yosamalira milandu ya AML m'magawo enaake, mitengo yamitengo, komanso mbiri yonse yopeza zotsatira zabwino.

Maloya owononga ndalama amapereka chithandizo chapadera kwambiri, ukadaulo wodziwikiratu womwe umakulitsidwa kuchokera pakuwonetseredwa kwakukulu ndi maphunziro. Polangiza makasitomala ndikuwunika zochitika zovuta, amakwaniritsa ntchito yofunikira kwambiri - kuwunikira zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi mabizinesi ndikusunga ufulu wamunthu payekha. Maluso awo poteteza kapena kutsutsa milandu yazachuma amakhudzanso kwambiri zotsatira za omwe akuimbidwa mlandu.

Ponseponse m'madera omwe ali ndi malamulo osinthasintha nthawi zonse komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ngongole za chilango, kusunga alangizi odalirika azamalamulo pakutsatira zachuma ndi nkhani zowononga ndalama zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.