Za Abu Dhabi

Likulu la Cosmopolitan la UAE

Abu Dhabi ndiye likulu ladziko lonse lapansi komanso lachiwiri lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri ku United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ili pachilumba chooneka ngati T chomwe chili pachilumbachi Persian Gulf, ndi likulu la ndale ndi kayendetsedwe ka federation ya emirates isanu ndi iwiri.

Ndi chuma pachikhalidwe amadalira mafuta ndi gasi, Abu Dhabi wakhala akutsata kusiyanasiyana kwachuma ndikudzikhazikitsa ngati mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira pazachuma kupita ku zokopa alendo. Sheikh Zayed, woyambitsa ndi pulezidenti woyamba wa UAE, anali ndi masomphenya olimba mtima a Abu Dhabi ngati mzinda wamakono, wophatikizana wogwirizanitsa zikhalidwe zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikusunga mbali zazikulu za cholowa cha Emirati ndi kudziwika kwake.

Mbiri Yachidule ya Abu Dhabi

Dzina lakuti Abu Dhabi limasuliridwa kuti "Bambo a Deer" kapena "Bambo wa Mbawala", kutanthauza anthu amtunduwu. nyama zakutchire ndi kusaka chikhalidwe cha dera isanakhazikike. Kuyambira cha m'ma 1760, Bani Yas chitaganya cha mafuko motsogozedwa ndi banja la Al Nahyan adakhazikitsa nyumba zokhazikika pachilumba cha Abu Dhabi.

M'zaka za m'ma 19, Abu Dhabi adasaina mapangano odzitchinjiriza ndi Britain omwe amawateteza ku mikangano yachigawo ndikupangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono asinthe, ndikulola kuti banja lolamulira likhale lodzilamulira. Pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20, pambuyo pa kutulukira kwa malo osungira mafuta, Abu Dhabi adayamba kutumiza zinthu zopanda pake ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe adapeza kuti zisinthe mwachangu olemera, mzinda wofuna kutchuka woganiziridwa ndi wolamulira wawo malemu Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.

Masiku ano, Abu Dhabi ndi likulu la ndale ndi kayendetsedwe ka bungwe la UAE lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1971, komanso likulu la mabungwe onse akuluakulu aboma. Mumzindawu mulinso anthu ambiri akazembe akunja ndi akazembe. Pazachuma komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, Dubai yapafupi yatulukira ngati emirate yokhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso osiyanasiyana ku UAE.

Geography, Nyengo ndi Kamangidwe

Abu Dhabi emirate imatenga malo a 67,340 masikweya kilomita, omwe akuyimira pafupifupi 86% ya malo onse a UAE - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale emirate yayikulu kwambiri ndi kukula kwake. Komabe, pafupifupi 80% ya malowa amakhala ndi chipululu komanso madera am'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amakhala kunja kwa malire a mzindawu.

Mzinda womwewo wokhala ndi madera oyandikana nawo amangotenga masikweya kilomita 1,100 okha. Abu Dhabi ali ndi nyengo yotentha ya m'chipululu ndi nyengo yowuma, yadzuwa komanso yotentha kwambiri. Mvula imakhala yochepa komanso yosasinthasintha, imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mvula yosayembekezereka pakati pa November ndi March.

Emirate ili ndi zigawo zitatu:

• The yopapatiza m'mphepete mwa nyanja dera malire ndi Persian Gulf Kumpoto, kuli magombe, magombe, mafunde otsetsereka ndi madambo amchere. Apa ndi pamene pakati pa mzinda komanso anthu ambiri amakhala.
• Dera lalikulu lachipululu chamchenga chopanda kanthu (chomwe chimadziwika kuti al-dhafra) chofikira kumwera kumalire ndi Saudi Arabia, chongodzaza ndi madera amchere ndi midzi yaying'ono.
• Dera lakumadzulo limalire ndi Saudi Arabia ndipo lili ndi mapiri ochititsa chidwi a Mapiri a Hajar kutalika kwake kufika mamita 1,300.

Mzinda wa Abu Dhabi uli ngati "T" wokhotakhota wokhala ndi nyanja yam'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso maulalo angapo olumikizana ndi zilumba zakunja monga zomwe zikuchitika ku Mamsha Al Saadiyat ndi Reem Island. Kukula kwakukulu kwamatawuni kukuchitikabe ndi masomphenya a 2030 okhudza kukhazikika komanso kukhala moyo.

Mbiri Yambiri ndi Mitundu Yosamuka

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zovomerezeka za 2017, anthu onse a Abu Dhabi emirate anali miliyoni 2.9, kupanga pafupifupi 30% ya anthu onse a UAE. Mkati mwa izi, pafupifupi 21% okha ndi nzika za UAE kapena nzika za Emirati, pomwe otuluka kunja ndi ogwira ntchito akunja amakhala ambiri.

Kuchulukana kwa anthu kutengera madera komwe kumakhala anthu koma kumakhala anthu pafupifupi 408 pa kilomita imodzi. Chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa anthu okhala ku Abu Dhabi ndi osokonekera kwambiri pafupifupi 3: 1 - chifukwa chachikulu cha chiwerengero cha amuna osamukira kumayiko ena komanso kusagwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Chifukwa chakuyenda bwino pazachuma komanso bata, UAE makamaka Abu Dhabi atuluka pakati pa dziko lapansi malo otsogola osamukira kumayiko ena pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa UN, osamukira kumayiko ena amakhala pafupifupi 88.5% ya anthu onse a UAE mu 2019 - omwe ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amwenye ndiye gulu lalikulu kwambiri la anthu ochokera kumayiko ena akutsatiridwa ndi Bangladesh, Pakistani ndi Filipino. Anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri akumayiko akumadzulo ndi Kum'mawa kwa Asia amakhalanso ndi luso laukadaulo.

Mkati mwa anthu aku Emirati, anthu amatsatira kwambiri miyambo ya makolo akale a cholowa chamtundu wa Bedouin. Anthu ambiri aku Emiratis amapeza ntchito zolipidwa kwambiri ndipo amakhala m'malo okhalamo komanso matauni am'midzi ya makolo omwe amakhala kunja kwa mzindawu.

Chuma ndi Chitukuko

Ndi 2020 GDP (pakugula mphamvu) ya US $ 414 biliyoni, Abu Dhabi amapanga gawo lopitilira 50% la GDP yonse ya federation ya UAE. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a GDP iyi imachokera mafuta osapsa ndi gasi kupanga - kumaphatikizapo 29% ndi 2% magawo pawokha motsatana. Ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zachuma zisanachitike zidayamba cha m'ma 2000, zopereka zonse za ma hydrocarbons nthawi zambiri amapitilira 60%.

Utsogoleri wamasomphenya ndi ndondomeko zandalama zanzeru zathandiza Abu Dhabi kuti azitha kubweretsa ndalama zamafuta m'magawo akuluakulu azachuma, zomangamanga zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi, malo ophunzirira maphunziro apamwamba, zokopa alendo komanso mabizinesi apamwamba paukadaulo, ntchito zachuma pakati pa magawo ena omwe akubwera. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 64% ya GDP ya emirate imachokera ku mabungwe omwe si amafuta.

Zizindikiro zina zachuma zikuwonetsanso kusintha kwachangu kwa Abu Dhabi komanso momwe alili pano pakati pa mizinda yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yolemera padziko lonse lapansi:

• Ndalama za munthu aliyense kapena GNI ndizokwera kwambiri pa $67,000 malinga ndi ziwerengero za World Bank.
• Ndalama zachuma monga Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) zayerekeza chuma cha $ 700 biliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
• Kuwerengera kwa Fitch kumapereka Abu Dhabi kalasi yosiyidwa ya 'AA' - kuwonetsa chuma champhamvu komanso momwe chuma chikuyendera.
• Gawo losakhala lamafuta lapeza chiwonjezeko chapachaka chopitilira 7% pakati pa 2003 ndi 2012 potengera mfundo zamitundumitundu.
• Pafupifupi $22 biliyoni yayikidwa kuti igwire ntchito zachitukuko zomwe zikuchitika komanso zamtsogolo motsogozedwa ndi boma ngati Ghadan 21.

Ngakhale kukwera kwachuma ndi kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta komanso zovuta zapano monga kusowa kwa ntchito kwa achinyamata komanso kudalira kwambiri antchito akunja, Abu Dhabi akuwoneka kuti ali wokonzeka kupititsa patsogolo chuma chake cha petro-chuma ndi geostrategic kuti akhazikitse udindo wake padziko lonse lapansi.

Magawo Akuluakulu Akuthandizira Pazachuma

Mafuta ndi gasi

Kunyumba komwe kuli migolo yotsimikizika yopitilira 98 biliyoni ya nkhokwe zopanda mafuta, Abu Dhabi ili ndi pafupifupi 90% yamafuta onse a UAE. Mizinda yayikulu yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Asab, Sahil ndi Shah pomwe madera akunyanja ngati Umm Shaif ndi Zakum awonetsa kuti ali opindulitsa kwambiri. Zonse, Abu Dhabi amatulutsa migolo pafupifupi 2.9 miliyoni tsiku lililonse - zambiri m'misika yogulitsa kunja.

ADNOC kapena Abu Dhabi National Oil Company idakali mtsogoleri wotsogola kuyang'anira kumtunda mpaka kumunsi kwa ntchito kuyambira pakufufuza, kupanga, kuyengedwa kwamafuta amafuta ndi kugulitsa mafuta kudzera m'mabungwe monga ADCO, ADGAS ndi ADMA-OPCO. Zimphona zina zapadziko lonse lapansi zamafuta monga British Petroleum, Shell, Total ndi ExxonMobil zimasunganso kupezeka kwapang'onopang'ono pochita mapangano ndi mgwirizano ndi ADNOC.

Monga gawo la kusiyanasiyana kwachuma, kufunikira kokulirapo kumayikidwa pakupeza mtengo kuchokera kumitengo yamafuta okwera kudzera m'mafakitale akutsika m'malo mongogulitsa mafuta kunja. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zamapaipi amaphatikizidwira ku Ruwais refinery ndi kukulitsa petrochemical, malo osagwirizana ndi kaboni a Al Reyadah komanso pulogalamu ya ADNOC yosinthira zinthu.

zongowonjezwdwa Energy

Mogwirizana ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha chilengedwe komanso zolinga zokhazikika, Abu Dhabi adatulukira pakati pa atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amalimbikitsa mphamvu zowonjezereka komanso zoyera motsogozedwa ndi owona masomphenya ngati Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber yemwe amatsogolera anthu otchuka. Masdar Clean Energy olimba.

Mzinda wa Masdar, womwe uli pafupi ndi eyapoti yapadziko lonse ya Abu Dhabi, umagwira ntchito ngati malo okhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso mabungwe ofufuza a cleantech ndi mazana amakampani apadera omwe akuchita zinthu zatsopano monga mphamvu yadzuwa, kuyenda kwamagetsi ndi njira zokhazikika zamatawuni.

Kunja kwa dera la Masdar, mapulojekiti opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ku Abu Dhabi akuphatikizapo zomera zazikulu za dzuwa ku Al Dhafra ndi Sweihan, malo opangira mphamvu zowonongeka, ndi malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya a Barakah omwe apangidwa ndi KEPCO yaku Korea - yomwe ikamalizidwa idzapanga 25% za kufunikira kwa magetsi ku UAE.

Ulendo ndi Ulemu

Abu Dhabi ali ndi chidwi chokopa alendo chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake cholemera chomwe chimalumikizana ndi zokopa zamakono, kuchereza alendo, magombe abwino komanso nyengo yofunda. Zina zokopa nyenyezi zimayika Abu Dhabi mwamphamvu pakati pawo Malo otchuka kwambiri ku Middle East:

• Zodabwitsa za zomangamanga - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, hotelo yokongola ya Emirates Palace, nyumba ya pulezidenti wa Qasr Al Watan
• Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndi malo azikhalidwe - Louvre Abu Dhabi wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, Zayed National Museum
• Malo okwerera mitu ndi malo opumira - Ferrari World, Warner Bros. World, zokopa za Yas Island
• Unyolo wamahotelo apamwamba ndi malo ochezera - Ogwira ntchito odziwika ngati Jumeirah, Ritz-Carlton, Anantara ndi Rotana ali ndi kupezeka kwakukulu
• Malo ogulitsira ndi zosangalatsa - Malo abwino kwambiri ogulitsa akuphatikiza Yas Mall, World Trade Center ndi Marina Mall yomwe ili pafupi ndi doko la yacht yapamwamba.

Pomwe vuto la COVID-19 lidakhudza kwambiri gawo la zokopa alendo, chiyembekezo chakukula kwanthawi yayitali chimakhalabe chabwino pomwe Abu Dhabi amathandizira kulumikizana, akupeza misika yatsopano kupitilira Europe monga India ndi China kwinaku akupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe chake.

Ntchito Zachuma ndi Zaukadaulo

Pogwirizana ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zazachuma, Abu Dhabi yalimbikitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zikuthandizira kukula kwa mabungwe omwe siamafuta, makamaka ngati mabanki, inshuwaransi, upangiri wazachuma pakati pa mafakitale ena apamwamba omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo komwe kupezeka kwa talente kumakhalabe kosowa m'derali.

Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'boma la Al Maryah Island ndi malo apadera azachuma omwe ali ndi malamulo ake aboma komanso azamalonda, omwe amapereka makampani 100% umwini wakunja ndi misonkho yopanda msonkho pakubweza phindu - motero amakopa mabanki akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe azachuma. .

Momwemonso, Free Zone Airport ya Abu Dhabi (ADAFZ) pafupi ndi ma eyapoti amathandizira makampani 100% omwe ali ndi mayiko akunja kuti agwiritse ntchito Abu Dhabi ngati malo amderali kuti akule misika yayikulu ku Middle East-Africa. Othandizira akatswiri monga alangizi, makampani otsatsa malonda ndi opanga mayankho aukadaulo amakulitsa zolimbikitsa zotere kuti athe kulowa bwino pamsika komanso kuchulukirachulukira.

Boma ndi Ulamuliro

Ulamuliro wolowa m'banja la Al Nahyan ukupitilirabe osasokonekera kuyambira 1793, kuyambira pomwe mbiri yakale ya Bani Yas ku Abu Dhabi idayamba. Purezidenti ndi Wolamulira wa Abu Dhabi amatenga dzina la Prime Minister m'boma lapamwamba la UAE.

Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan pakadali pano ali ndi ma post onse awiri. Iye amakhalabe wotalikirana ndi utsogoleri wanthawi zonse, ndi mchimwene wake wodalirika komanso wolemekezeka kwambiri Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed wokhala ndi ulamulilo wokulirapo ngati Crown Prince komanso mtsogoleri wadziko lonse yemwe amayang'anira makina a Abu Dhabi komanso masomphenya a federal.

Kuti zithandizire, Abu Dhabi emirate agawidwa m'magawo atatu am'matauni - Municipality ya Abu Dhabi yomwe imayang'anira likulu la tawuni, Al Ain Municipality yomwe imayang'anira matauni akumtunda, ndi dera la Al Dhafra lomwe likuyang'anira madera akutali kumadzulo. Ma tauni amenewa amayang'anira ntchito za ulamuliro wa anthu monga zomangamanga, zoyendera, zothandizira, kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi ndi mapulani akumatauni m'magawo awo kudzera m'mabungwe odzilamulira okha komanso madipatimenti oyang'anira.

Society, Anthu ndi Moyo

Zinthu zingapo zapadera zimasakanikirana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso chikhalidwe cha Abu Dhabi:

• Chizindikiro champhamvu cha mbadwa Cholowa cha Emirati zikuwonekerabe kudzera muzinthu monga kukula kosalekeza kwa mafuko ndi mabanja akuluakulu, kutchuka kwa ngamila ndi mpikisano wa falcon monga masewera achikhalidwe, kufunikira kwa chipembedzo ndi mabungwe a dziko monga magulu ankhondo pazochitika zapagulu.
• Kutukuka kofulumira komanso kutukuka kwachuma kwabweretsanso chisangalalo moyo wa cosmopolitan zodzaza ndi zinthu zokonda kugula, kukongola kwamalonda, malo ochezera a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso zaluso ndi zochitika zolimbikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
• Potsirizira pake, chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha magulu a anthu ochokera kunja chawonjezera kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana - ndi zikondwerero zambiri zachikhalidwe zakunja, malo olambirira ndi zakudya zopeza zolimba. Komabe, kukwera mtengo kokhala ndi moyo kumalepheretsanso kutengera kozama pakati pa anthu am'deralo ndi akunja omwe nthawi zambiri amawona Abu Dhabi ngati malo ogwirira ntchito kwakanthawi osati kwawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu zomwe zikutsatira mfundo zachuma komanso kuyang'anira zachilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira kukhala zizindikiritso zatsopano za zomwe Abu Dhabi akufuna monga momwe zikuwonekera m'masomphenya monga Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030.

Madera Ogwirizana ndi Singapore

Chifukwa cha kufanana kwachuma komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu am'nyumba komanso gawo lazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi, Abu Dhabi ndi Singapore apanga ubale wolimba komanso kusinthanitsa pafupipafupi magawo azamalonda, mabizinesi ndi mgwirizano waukadaulo:

• Makampani a Abu Dhabi monga thumba lachuma chodziyimira pawokha Mubadala amapanga ndalama zambiri kumakampani aku Singapore paukadaulo, zamankhwala ndi malo ogulitsa.
• Mabungwe aku Singapore monga kampani yopanga ndalama Temasek ndi woyendetsa doko PSA nawonso apereka ndalama zofananira ndi ma projekiti akuluakulu a Abu Dhabi monga realty and logistics infrastructure around Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi (KIZAD).
• Madoko a Abu Dhabi ndi ma terminals amalumikizana ndi mizere yopitilira 40 yaku Singapore ndi zombo zomwe zimayitanira kumeneko.
• M'madera a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, nthumwi za achinyamata, maubwenzi a yunivesite ndi mayanjano ofufuza zimathandiza kuti pakhale mgwirizano wozama.
• zikumbutso za Kumvetsetsana zilipo mozungulira madera ogwirizana monga mayendedwe, matekinoloje osungira madzi, sayansi yazachilengedwe komanso malo azachuma pachilumba cha Al-Maryah.

Ubale wamphamvu pakati pa mayiko awiriwa ukukulitsidwanso chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa mautumiki apamwamba komanso kuyendera maboma, Singapore Business Federation ikutsegula mutu wakomweko ndipo ndege za Ethihad zimayendetsa maulendo apamtunda omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Mipata yomwe ikubwera yokhudzana ndi kupanga limodzi zaukadaulo komanso chitetezo cha chakudya imabweretsa mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri m'tsogolo.

Zowona, Zapamwamba ndi Ziwerengero

Nazi zina zowona komanso ziwerengero zofotokozera mwachidule mbiri ya Abu Dhabi:

• Ndi GDP yokwana yoposa $400 biliyoni, Abu Dhabi ali pakati pa 50 olemera kwambiri maiko padziko lonse lapansi.
• Chuma cha Sovereign chuma chomwe chili pansi pa kasamalidwe kazachuma chomwe chimakhulupirira kuti chimaposa $700 biliyoni chimapangitsa Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) kukhala mtsogoleri. chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi galimoto yotereyi ya boma.
• Pafupifupi 10% yazomwe zatsimikiziridwa padziko lonse lapansi malo osungira mafuta yomwe ili mkati mwa emirate ya Abu Dhabi - yokwana migolo 98 biliyoni.
• Kwawo ku nthambi zamabungwe otchuka ngati Louvre Museum ndi Sorbonne University - onse oyamba kunja kwa France.
• Adalandira alendo opitilira 11 miliyoni mu 2021, zomwe zidapangitsa Abu Dhabi kukhala 2^nd mzinda woyendera kwambiri m'dziko la Aarabu.
• Mosque wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi wa Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque wokhala ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 40 ndi nyumba zoyera 82 zikadali malo oyera. 3^rd mzikiti waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
• Masdar City ndi amodzi mwa mizindayi chitukuko chokhazikika m'matauni ndi 90% malo obiriwira ndi malo oyendetsedwa ndi zongowonjezwdwa.
• Hotelo ya Emirates Palace yokhala ndi zipinda zapamwamba za 394 ili ndi zambiri 1,000 Swarovski crystal chandeliers.

Outlook ndi Vision

Ngakhale kuti chuma chamakono komanso kudalira anthu ogwira ntchito zakunja kumabweretsa zovuta, Abu Dhabi akuwoneka kuti ali wokonzeka kukwera ngati gawo lazachuma la GCC komanso mzinda wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi wophatikiza cholowa cha Arabu ndi chikhumbo champhamvu.

Chuma chake cha petroli, kukhazikika kwake, nkhokwe zazikulu za hydrocarbon ndi kupita patsogolo kwamphamvu kuzungulira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zimayiyika bwino paudindo wautsogoleri wothana ndi kusintha kwanyengo komanso zovuta zachitetezo champhamvu zomwe dziko lapansi likukumana nalo. Pakadali pano, magawo otukuka monga zokopa alendo, chithandizo chamankhwala ndiukadaulo akuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa ntchito zazachuma zomwe zimathandizira misika yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kumanga ulusi wambiriwu ndi chikhalidwe cha Emirati chophatikizana chomwe chikugogomezera chikhalidwe chambiri, kupatsa mphamvu kwa akazi ndi zosokoneza zabwino zomwe zimapititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwaumunthu kukhala tsogolo lowala. Abu Dhabi akuwoneka kuti akuyenera kusintha kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi.