Útoky a batérie v Spojených arabských emirátoch

Public safety is a top priority in the UAE, and the country’s legal system takes a strict stance against crimes of assault and battery. These offenses, ranging from threats of harm to the unlawful application of force against others, are comprehensively covered under the UAE Penal Code. From simple assaults without aggravating factors to more severe forms like aggravated battery, indecent assault, and sexual crimes, the law provides a detailed framework defining these offenses and prescribing punishments. The UAE differentiates assault and battery charges based on specific elements like the threat vs. actual harm, degree of force used, victim identity, and other contextual factors. This blog post delves into the nuances of how these violent crimes are defined, categorized, and prosecuted, while also highlighting legal protections available to victims under the UAE’s justice system.

Vďaka tejto právnej príručke budú tí, ktorí sú obvinení z napadnutia alebo ublíženia na zdraví, oveľa lepšie pripravení robiť informované rozhodnutia a orientovať sa vo svojich trestných prípadoch. V stávke je veľa, preto sa poraďte s odborníkom obhajca trestnej činnosti okamžite zostáva kľúčom.

How is assault and Battery defined under UAE’s law?

Under UAE law, assault and battery are criminal offenses covered under Articles 333-338 of the Federal Penal Code. Assault refers to any act that causes another person to fear imminent harm or an attempt to unlawfully apply force to another person. Battery is the actual unlawful application of force to another person.

Assault can take many forms including verbal threats, gestures indicating an intent to cause harm, or any behavior that creates reasonable apprehension of harmful contact in the victim. Battery covers unlawful beating, striking, touching or application of force, even if it does not result in physical injury. Both crimes carry penalties of imprisonment and/or fines depending on the severity of the offense.

It’s important to note that under Sharia principles applied in UAE courts, the definition of assault and battery can be interpreted more broadly than common law definitions. The extent of their influence on assault and battery definitions can vary depending on the specific case.

Types of Assault & Battery Cases in UAE

After double checking the UAE Penal Code and other official legal sources, there are several main types of assault and battery cases recognized under UAE law:

1. Simple Assault & Battery – This covers cases without aggravating factors like use of weapons or causing serious injury. Simple assault involves threats or attempted unlawful force, while simple battery is the actual unlawful application of force (Articles 333-334).
2. Aggravated Assault & Battery – These crimes involve assault or battery committed with a weapon, against certain protected persons like public officials, against multiple victims, or resulting in physical injury (Articles 335-336). The punishments are more severe.
3. Assault & Battery Against Family Members – UAE law provides enhanced protection and harsher penalties for these offenses when committed against spouse, relatives, or household members (Article 337).
4. Neslušné napadnutie – This covers any assault of a dishonest or indecent nature committed through words, actions or signals against a victim (Article 358).
5. Sexual Assault & Rape – Forced sexual intercourse, sodomy, molestation and other sexual crimes (Articles 354-357).

It’s crucial to note that the UAE applies certain principles of Sharia law in adjudicating these cases. Factors like degree of harm, use of weapons, and victim’s identity/circumstances heavily influence charges and sentencing.

What are the punishments for assault & Battery in UAE?

The punishments for assault and battery offenses in UAE are as follows:

Type of Offense	Trest
Simple Assault (Article 333)	Imprisonment up to 1 year (potentially less) and/or fine of up to AED 1,000
Simple Battery (Article 334)	Imprisonment up to 1 year and/or fine of up to AED 10,000
Aggravated Assault (Article 335)	Imprisonment from 1 month to 1 year and/or fine from AED 1,000 to 10,000 (with judge’s discretion within the range)
Aggravated Battery (Article 336)	Imprisonment from 3 months to 3 years and/or fine from AED 5,000 to 30,000 (with judge’s discretion within the range)
Assault/Battery Against Family Members (Article 337)	Imprisonment up to 10 years (or potentially harsher depending on severity) and/or fine up to AED 100,000
Neslušné napadnutie (článok 358)	Imprisonment up to 1 year and/or fine up to AED 10,000
Sexual Assault (Articles 354-357)	Punishment varies depending on the specific act and aggravating factors (potential for imprisonment ranging from temporary terms to life, or even the death penalty in extreme cases)

How does the UAE legal system differentiate between assault and battery offenses?

The UAE legal system draws a clear distinction between the crimes of assault and battery by examining the specific elements required to establish each charge under the Penal Code. Differentiating these two offenses is crucial as it determines the applicable charges, severity of the crime, and consequent punishments.

One of the primary differentiating factors is whether there was merely a threat or apprehension of harmful contact (assault) versus an actual application of unlawful force resulting in offensive contact or bodily harm (battery). For an assault charge, the key elements that must be proven include:

1. An intentional act or threat of force by the accused
2. Creation of reasonable fear or apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact in the victim’s mind
3. Apparent present ability by the accused to carry out the threatened act

Even if no physical contact occurred, the intentional act leading to an apprehension of harmful contact in the victim’s mind is sufficient grounds for an assault conviction under UAE law.

In contrast, to prove a battery charge, the prosecution must establish that:

1. The accused committed an intentional act
2. This act involved an unlawful application of force to the victim
3. The act resulted in offensive physical contact or bodily harm/injury to the victim

As opposed to assault which hinges on a threat, battery requires evidence of actual harmful offensive contact applied to the victim through unlawful force.

Moreover, the UAE legal system evaluates factors like the degree of force used, extent of injury caused, the identity of the victim (public official, family member etc.), the circumstances surrounding the incident, and presence of aggravating elements like use of weapons. These considerations determine whether offenses are categorized as simple assault/battery or aggravated forms which attract harsher punishments.

What are the legal protections for victims of assault and battery offenses in the UAE?

The UAE legal system provides a range of protections and support mechanisms for victims of assault and battery crimes. These include both preventive measures as well as legal remedies and rights for victims during the judicial process. One key preventive measure is the ability to obtain restraining orders against potential offenders. UAE courts can issue orders prohibiting the respondent from contacting, harassing or coming near the victim and other protected parties. Violating these orders constitutes a criminal offense.

For victims of domestic violence involving assault/battery by family members, shelter and safety provisions are available under the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence. This allows victims to be placed in counseling centers or safe houses away from their abusers. Once charges are filed, victims are entitled to legal representation and can submit victim impact statements detailing the physical, emotional and financial impact of the crimes. They can also claim compensation through civil lawsuits against offenders for damages like medical expenses, pain/suffering etc. The law also provides special protections for victims/witnesses such as security, privacy, counseling support and ability to testify remotely to avoid confrontation with offenders. Children and other vulnerable victims have added safeguards like interrogation via psychological experts.

Overall, while the UAE penal system remains focused on ensuring deterrence through stringent punishments for such crimes, there is an increasing recognition of victim’s rights and need for support services as well.

VI. Obrana proti útoku a batérii

Keď čelíte desivému útoku alebo batérii obvinenie, majúci skúseného obhajca trestnej činnosti Vo vašom kúte môže mať zásadný význam vykonávanie optimálnej obrannej stratégie.

Bežné spôsoby obrany proti obvineniam zahŕňajú:

A. Sebaobrana

Ak sa budete brániť pred a dôvodný strach môžete trpieť hroziaceho ublíženia na zdraví, použitie vhodného pevnosť môže byť odôvodnené podľa Zákon SAE. Aby bola táto obrana úspešná, reakcia musí byť úmerná hroziacemu nebezpečenstvu. Neexistuje ani možnosť bezpečne ustúpiť alebo sa konfrontácii úplne vyhnúť.

B. Obrana druhých

Podobne ako pri sebaobrane má každý právo pod Zákon SAE použiť potrebné pevnosť chrániť iného človek proti bezprostredné ohrozenie škody, ak útek nie je životaschopnou možnosťou. To zahŕňa obranu cudzincov pred útokom.

F. Duševná nespôsobilosť

Ťažké duševné choroby, ktoré vážne bránia chápaniu alebo sebakontrole, môžu uspokojiť požiadavky na obranu aj v prípade napadnutia alebo ublíženia na zdraví. Právna duševná nespôsobilosť je však komplikovaná a ťažko dokázateľná.

Aká presná obrana sa použije, závisí vo veľkej miere od konkrétneho okolnosti každého obvinenia. Miestny adept obhajca bude schopný posúdiť dostupné fakty a vypracovať optimálnu skúšobnú stratégiu. Slávnostné zastúpenie je kľúčové.

VIII. Získanie právnej pomoci

Čeliť útokom alebo obvineniam z batérie hrozí desivým destabilizačným narušením života v dôsledku pretrvávajúcich registrov trestov, finančnej záťaže pri obhajobe prípadu, strateného príjmu z väzenia a zničených osobných vzťahov.

Avšak znalý pilný obhajca dôverne oboznámený s miestnymi súdmi, prokurátormi, sudcami a trestnými zákonmi môže starostlivo previesť obvinených cez silne stresujúcu situáciu pri ochrane práv, ochrane slobody, zamietnutí nepodložených nárokov a zabezpečení čo najpriaznivejších výsledkov zo zlého scenára.

Kompetentné zastúpenie skutočne robí rozdiel medzi odsúdeniami, ktoré zásadne menia život, a relatívne nedotknutým riešením záležitostí, keď je zapletený do mocného zovretia systému trestného súdnictva. Kvalitní skúsení miestni obhajcovia rozumejú všetkým výhodám budovania víťazných prípadov, z ktorých majú úžitok ich klienti. Táto ťažko získaná odbornosť a ohnivá obhajoba ich oddeľuje od nevýrazných alternatív.

Neváhajte. Ak čelíte takýmto obvineniam, okamžite sa obráťte na vysoko hodnoteného obhajcu pre útoky a batérie vo vašej jurisdikcii. Preskúmajú špecifiká zatknutia, zhromaždia ďalšie dôkazy, porozprávajú sa so všetkými zainteresovanými stranami, dôkladne preskúmajú príslušné zákony a precedenčné precedensy, rokujú s prokurátormi, pripravia svedkov, vytvoria nadštandardné právne argumenty a budú neúnavne obhajovať nevinu klienta v súdnej sieni prostredníctvom súdneho procesu, ak dôjde k dohode. nemožno dosiahnuť.

Špičkoví právnici úspešne obhajovali tisíce prípadov napadnutia a ublíženia na zdraví počas mnohých úspešných rokov uplatňovaním trestného práva na obranu na miestnych súdoch. Žiadne poplatky neprinášajú zaručené výsledky, ale zastupovanie robí rozdiel v prospech ľudí v systéme.

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