Zvekunyepera zvinoreva mhosva yekunyepera magwaro, siginicha, mari yenotsi, mifananidzo, kana chimwe chinhu kuitira kunyengedza vamwe. Imhosva huru inogona kukonzera zvirango zvakakosha zvemutemo. Chinyorwa ichi chinopa ongororo yakadzama yemhando dzakasiyana dzekunyepedzera dzinozivikanwa pasi pemutemo weUAE, zvipimo zvemutemo zvinoenderana, uye zvirango zvakakomba zvakamirira avo vanowanikwa vaine mhosva dzakadai.
Chii Tsanangudzo yeForgery pasi pemutemo weUAE?
Zvekunyepera inzira yekugadzira, kugadzirisa, kana kutevedzera zvinhu kana zvinyorwa nechinangwa chekunyengera. Zvinosanganisira kugadzira chimwe chinhu chenhema kuti uwane pundutso. Izvi zvinosanganisira mari yekunyepedzera, kugadzira mifananidzo yemanyepo, kusaina masiginicha pamapepa emutemo, kuchinja cheki kuti vabire mari, nezvimwe zvinonyengera. mabasa. Inotsanangurwa pasi peFederal Law No. 3 ye1987 (Penal Code) muChinyorwa 216.
Pane mashoma akakosha maficha anowanzo kusiyanisa zvekunyepedzera kubva kumakopi kana kudzokorora:
- Vavariro yekubiridzira kana kunyengera -Kunyepa kunogadzirwa nechinangwa chakaipa kwete kubereka zviri pamutemo.
- Kumiririra kwenhema -Vagadziri vanozoti basa ravo riri pamutemo kana rakagadzirwa nemumwe munhu.
- Kusandura kukosha - Shanduko dzinoitwa kuwedzera kukosha kana kugadzira imwe mukana.
Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika yezvinhu zvinonangwa ne forgers zvinosanganisira zvibvumirano, cheki, mari, magwaro ekuzivikanwa, zvinyorwa zvekare, mabasa emifananidzo, zvinounganidzwa, uye zvinyorwa zvekutengeserana kwemari. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti manyepo anowanzo sanganisira zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvepamutemo kana zviridzwa. Hakusi kutevedzera kwese kunokodzera kuve manyepo - izvo chete zvinosanganisira marekodhi emutemo / emari zvakanyepa zvisiri pamutemo.
Ndeapi Marudzi Akasiyana EForge Anozivikanwa muUAE?
Kune akati wandei maitiro anoshandiswa kugadzira forgeries zvichienderana nerudzi rwechinhu chiri manyepo. Mhando dzefogery dzakajairika dzinosanganisira:
Document Forgery
Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira magwaro emanyepo kana kushandura ruzivo rwemagwaro ari pamutemo nezvinangwa zvehutsotsi. Zvinangwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:
- Zvitupa - Marezinesi ekutyaira, mapasipoti, makadhi ekuchengetedza magariro.
- Zvinyorwa zvemari - Cheki, maodha ekubhadhara, zvikumbiro zvechikwereti.
- Mapepa emutemo - Zvibvumirano, zvido, zviito, zvinyorwa zvevadzidzi.
Maitiro emhando anosanganisira counterfeiting, kutsiva peji, kuisa zvinyorwa zvitsva pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvechokwadi, kudzima kana kuwedzera ruzivo, kutsvaga masiginecha kubva kune mamwe magwaro.
Signature Forgery
Siginicha yekunyepedzera rinonyanya kutaura nezvekunyepa zita remumwe munhu rakanyorwa nemaoko. Zvinangwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:
- macheki -Kuchinja huwandu, zita remubhadharo, kana siginecha yedhirowa rekugadzira.
- Zvinyorwa zvemutemo -Kugadzira masiginecha pazvido, zvibvumirano, zviito.
- Artwork -Kuwedzera masiginecha emanyepo kuti uwedzere kukosha.
- Historical zvinhu -Kunyepa kufungidzira zvinhu kune vanhu vane mukurumbira.
Forgers dzidza kunyatsotevedzera zvinhu zvakaita semaumbirwo emavara, mutinhimira wechinyoreso, sitiroko kurongeka uye kumanikidza.
Kukanganisa
Kukanganisa zvinosanganisira kugadzira zvinyorwa zvemanyepo zvezvinhu zvakakosha nechinangwa chekubiridzira mabhizinesi nevatengi. Zvinangwa zvinosanganisira:
- mari - Yakawanda yekunyepedzera - $100 mabhiri muUS. Kusvikira ku $70 mamiriyoni ekutenderera.
- Zvinhu zveumbozha - Zvipfeko zvekugadzira, mawachi, zvishongo zvinoteedzerwa.
- Chikwereti/debit makadhi -Inogona kudzokororwa nedata rakabiwa.
- Tickets -Kufamba kwemanyepo, matikiti echiitiko anotengeswa online.
Mapurinda ane hunyanzvi uye maficha matsva ekuchengetedza anoita kuti manyepo emazuva ano ave anogutsa.
Art Forgery
Art forgery zvinoreva kugadzira mabasa akafanana neaya evatambi vane mukurumbira achiapfuudza semifananidzo yepakutanga kana zvivezwa. Zvinangwa zvinosanganisira mukurumbira, kusimbiswa, uye purofiti yakakura kubva kune vane chishuwo vanotora art vanoda kubhadhara mari yakawanda kune zvisingawanzo, zvidimbu zvakarasika.
Forgers kupira makore achitsvaga zvigadzirwa zvemaartist, matekiniki uye masitaera. Vazhinji vane tarenda rehunyanzvi ivo pachavo, vachinyatsodzidza maitiro esitiroko, mabhurasho, mapendi ependi anodhirowa uye anodzokorora mafake anogona kunyengera nyanzvi dzepamusoro.
Digital Media Forgery
Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kwagonesa kunyengedza midhiya yedhijitari inosanganisira mifananidzo, vhidhiyo, odhiyo, mawebhusaiti nezvimwe. Kusimuka kwe deepfakes inoratidza maitiro ane simba anofambiswa neAI ekugadzira mavhidhiyo emanyepo evanhu vari kuita kana kutaura zvinhu zvavasina kumboita.
Mamwe maitiro akajairika anosanganisira photoshopping mifananidzo, kushandura zvimedu zvekuteerera, spoofing mawebhusaiti, kushandura magwaro akaongororwa, kana kugadzira zviratidziro nemalogo. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kuchera, manyepo, kurwisa phishing, kuba zvitupa uye hutsotsi hwepamhepo.
Chisimbiso Forgery
Seal forgery imhando chaiyo yekunyepa iyo inosanganisira kusikwa kusingatenderwe, kudzokorora, kana kushandura zvisimbiso zvepamutemo kana zvitambi zvinoshandiswa nemasangano ehurumende, masangano, kana mabhizinesi. Izvi zvisimbiso zvinoshanda senzira yekusimbisa huchokwadi uye huchokwadi hwemagwaro akakosha, zvibvumirano, zvitupa, uye mamwe marekodhi epamutemo.
Hukuru hwekunyepera kwechisimbiso huri mukukwanisa kwayo kukanganisa kuvimbika nekuvimbika kwemagwaro akakosha aya. Kuburikidza nekugadzira zvidhindo zvekunyepedzera kana kugadzirisa zviripo, vapari vemhosva vanogona kugadzira magwaro emanyepo anoita seachokwadi, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yepamutemo, yemari, kana mukurumbira yevanhu kana masangano.
Ndeupi Musiyano Uripo Pakati peForgery neFalsification?
| Kuonekwa | Zvekunyepera | Kunyepa |
|---|---|---|
| tsananguro | Kugadzira gwaro renhema, chinhu kana kutevedzera kubva kutanga nechinangwa chekunyengera kana kubiridzira, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa muChinyorwa 216 cheUAE Penal Code. | Kushandura kana kukanganisa negwaro rechokwadi chairo kana chinhu kuitira kuti utaure chokwadi, sezviri muChikamu 215. |
| mienzaniso | Mari yekunyepedzera, madhigirii emanyepo ekuyunivhesiti, mifananidzo yemanyepo, zvitupa zvenhema kana masiginicha. | Kugadzirisa mishumo yepamutemo, kushandura zvibvumirano zvechibvumirano, kunyengedza zvinyorwa zvechigadzirwa kana zvakatemwa. |
| Chinangwa | Bvisa chinangwa chekunyengedza nekugadzira chimwe chinhu chenhema zvachose. | Kuvavarira kukanganisa chokwadi nekuchinja zvinhu zvechokwadi. |
| Penalties | Kusungwa kwechinguvana uye/kana faindi. Kune vari kunze kwenyika, kudzingwa kunogona kushanda mune dzimwe nguva. | Kuvharirwa, faindi uye/kana kudzingwa zvichienderana nekuomarara. Harsher kuvakuru vehurumende. |
| Kubvumirana | Kana manyepo akaitika panguva yekunyepedzera, mhosva dzese dziri mbiri dzinorangwa zvakasiyana. | Kana manyepo ari chikamu chemaitiro ekunyepa, ese ari maviri anoonekwa semhosva imwe ine mutongo wakabatanidzwa. |
| Kusunungurwa | Zvimwe zvinoregererwa pamabasa emifananidzo, satire kana pasina chinangwa chehutsotsi. | Kuregererwa kwakaganhurirwa kunoshanda. |
| Dzimwe Mhosva | Kazhinji zvakabatanidzwa nehutsotsi, kushandisa zvinyorwa zvekunyepedzera, nezvimwe. | Inogonawo kusanganisira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwehofisi kana kumwe kutyorwa. |
Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti manyepo anotanga kubva pakutanga kugadzira chimwe chinhu chemanyepo, ukuwo manyepo achigadzirisa magwaro echokwadi kana zvinhu zveunyengeri. Mitemo yeUAE inogadzirisa mhosva mbiri dzakasimba kuchengetedza kuvimbika.
Ndezvipi Zvirango zveForgery muUAE?
Mhosva dzekunyepedzera muUAE dzinobatwa zvakasimba, uye zvirango zvinogona kunge zvakakomba zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhosva yakaparwa. Heino mitongo inogona kuitika yemhosva dzakasarudzwa dzenhema:
Document Forgery
- Zvemagwaro epamutemo: Yenguva yenguva yejeri kusvika kumakore gumi (UAE Penal Code Article 10)
- Kune zvinyorwa zvisiri pamutemo: Kusungwa kwakatemwa nedare, kushoma pane kubiridzira gwaro repamutemo
- Kushandisa makopi ezvinyorwa zvekunyepedzera: Kusvika kumakore mashanu kuseri kwemabhawa (UAE Penal Code Chinyorwa 5)
Signature Forgery
- Kudzokorora masiginecha pamagwaro kunowira pasi pechirango chemhosva dzekunyepedzera
Kukanganisa
- Mari yekunyepedzera inonzi inovhiringa zvikuru hurongwa hwemari
- Mitongo yakaomarara inosanganisira kugara mujeri kwenguva refu uye faindi dzakakwira
Art Forgery
- Zvirango zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekukosha kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye chinangwa (kunyengedza vatengi, kusvibisa zita remuimbi)
- Inogona kubva kumari faindi kusvika pakuvharirwa, zvichienderana nezvakatsanangurwa
Digital Media Forgery
- Pasi peFederal Decree-Law Nha. 34/2021:
- Kugadzira magwaro emagetsi ehurumende / emunharaunda: Nguva yejeri kwenguva pfupi uye AED 150,000-750,000 faindi
- Kugadzira magwaro ezvimwe masangano: Kuvharirwa uye/kana AED 100,000-300,000 faindi
Chisimbiso Forgery
- Inotorwa sechikamu chemhosva dzekunyepedzera
- Zvichienderana nezvirango zvakataurirwa mhosva dzemanyepo
Zviripachena kuti UAE inotora zero-kushivirira maitiro kune chero mhando yekunyepedzera, ine zvirango zvine chinangwa chekudzivirira zviito zvisiri pamutemo izvo zvinokanganisa huchokwadi uye kuvimba.
Kudzivirira Forgeries
Kuderedza zviitiko zvekubiridzira kunoda huchenjeri hwakakwana, hwakatarisana ne:
Kuchengetedza Zvinyorwa
- Chengetedza zvinhu zvinonzwisisika zvakachengeteka - masefa, mabhokisi ekukiya, madhiraivha akavharidzirwa.
- Deredza kuwana kwemuviri / kwedhijitari nemahofisi akakiiwa, password policy.
- Shandisai makamera ekutarisa, maalarm, vashandi vekuchengetedza.
Authentication Technology
- Biometrics - mafingerprints, kumeso uye iris kuzivikanwa.
- Blockchain - yakagoverwa ledger yedhijitari transaction.
- Digital siginicha - yakavharidzirwa identifiers inosimbisa huchokwadi.
Dzidzo Yemushandisi
- Dzidzisa vashandi kuti vaone forgeries -ona magwaro akachinjwa, watermark, zviratidzo zvekusimbisa.
- Kurudzirai mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa hutsotsi inotsanangura njodzi nedziviriro.
Kungwarira Hiring
- Nyatsoongorora vashandi vasati vapa gwaro kana kuwana mari.
- Ita matsotsi ekumashure macheki, kiredhiti cheki, kuongorora basa.
Forgery Detection Techniques
Matekinoroji akati wandei anoshandiswa nevaongorori uye gwaro vaongorori kuona kuti zvinhu ndezvechokwadi here kana kuti forgeries:
- Ongororo yekunyora -Kuenzanisa mafonti, slants, sitiroko mapatani, kudzvanywa uye kusaina maitiro.
- Kuongorora kwepepa -Kudzidza watermark, logos, makemikari kuumbwa uye fiber alignment.
- Ink verification -Kuyedza ruvara, makemikari ekugadzira, akaunganidzwa ukobvu.
- kuri - Microscopes, spectrometry, ESDA bvunzo uye komputa yekufungidzira software.
Runyoro uye gwaro nyanzvi pinda kudzidziswa kwakawanda kuti uongorore zvakarongeka maitiro ekunyora uye modem kuchengetedza maficha. Vanopa mishumo yakadzama pabvunzo dzavo uye mhedziso maererano nehuchokwadi.
Pamabasa makuru emifananidzo anodhura mazana ezviuru kana mabasa ane mavambo asina chokwadi, varidzi vanoshandisa ongororo yesainzi kuratidza kwakabva uye kufumura zvingangoitika. forgeries. Miedzo yekutarisa zvinhu, tsvina yezera uye grime layer, canvas zvitambi, radioisotope kufambidzana uye segment infrared spectroscopy inoongorora akawanda pendi akaturikidzana.
Ndeipi Maitirwo Ekuisa Nyaya YeForgery muDubai?
Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti iwe wakabatwa nekunyepedzera muDubai, unogona kuisa nyaya kuDubai Mapurisa. Danho rekutanga nderekuenda kukamba yemapurisa iri pedyo woendesa chichemo chehurumende. Iva wakagadzirira kupa ruzivo nezve chiitiko, chero humbowo hwaungave uine, hwakadai semagwaro ekunyepa kana zvinhu, uye chero ruzivo nezve anofungidzirwa kuti akapara mhosva.
Mushure mekukwidza chichemo ichi, mapurisa anozoferefeta nyaya iyi zvizere. Vanogona kukumbira mamwe magwaro kana humbowo kubva kwauri, uye vanogonawo kudaidza anopomerwa kuti abvunzurudzwe. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwenyaya yacho, nzira yekuferefeta inogona kutora nguva.
Kana mapurisa aunganidza humbowo hwakakwana, anoendesa nyaya iyi kuPublic Prosecution. Muchuchisi anozoongorora nyaya yacho ofunga kuti opomera here kana kuti orega. Kana mhosva dzikamhan'arwa, nyaya yacho ichaenderera mberi kuDubai Courts, uko ichatongwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yeUAE yekunyepedzera. Zvinokurudzirwa kutsvaga vamiriri vezvemitemo kuti vakutungamirire mukutonga kwekutonga.
Nyanzvi yegweta inogona kubatsira sei?
Kufambisa nyaya yekunyepedzera muUAE kunogona kuve kwakaomarara uye kunokatyamadza maitiro, zvichipihwa kukomba kwemhosva uye kuomarara kuri kuitika mumutemo wenyika. Kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva kune gweta rinonyanya kubata nyaya dzenhema kunogona kuratidza kuva kunokosha mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Gweta rakasarudzika richava neruzivo rwakadzama uye kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwemitemo yakakodzera, maitiro edare, uye zvinodikanwa zvehumbowo zvakanangana nemhosva dzekunyepedzera. Vanogona kupa nhungamiro yehunyanzvi pakuvaka nyaya yakasimba, kuunganidza nekupa humbowo nemazvo, nekukumiririra zvine hunyanzvi mudare. Kujairana kwavo nemanuances enyaya dzakadai kunogona kuve kwakakosha mukugadzira nzira dzakakodzera dzemutemo.
Zvakare, gweta rine ruzivo rwekunyepa rinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha mune zvingangoitika uye mhedzisiro yenyaya, zvichiita kuti iwe uite sarudzo dzine ruzivo. Vanogona zvakare kutaurirana nevakuru vakakumiririra, vachikureverera kodzero dzako, uye kuona kuti maitirwo emutemo akarurama uye ari pachena. Hunyanzvi hwavo mukubata nyaya dzakafanana hunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mikana yako yekuwana mhinduro yakanaka.
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