Nezve Abu Dhabi

Iyo Cosmopolitan Capital yeUAE

Abu Dhabi ndiro guta guru recosmopolitan uye yechipiri ine vanhu vakawanda emirate yeUnited Arab Emirates (UAE). Iri pachitsuwa chakaita saT chinopinda mukati Persian Gulf, inoshanda senzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika uye yekutonga yemubatanidzwa wemaemirates manomwe.

Nehupfumi hwagara huchitsamira pa mafuta uye gasi, Abu Dhabi akashingairira kusiyanisa hupfumi uye akazvisimbisa semutungamiri wepasi rose muzvikamu zvakasiyana kubva mune zvemari kuenda kushanya. Sheikh Zared, muvambi uye purezidhendi wekutanga weUAE, akabata chiono chakashinga cheAbu Dhabi seguta razvino, rinosanganisirwa rinobatanidza tsika dzepasi rose uku ichichengetedza zvakakosha zvenhaka yeEmirati uye kuzivikanwa.

nezva Abudhabi

Nhoroondo Pfupi ye Abu Dhabi

Zita rekuti Abu Dhabi rinoturikira kuti "Baba veNondo" kana "Baba veMhara", zvichireva zvizvarwa zvemo. mhuka dzesango nekuvhima tsika yenharaunda isati yagadziriswa. Kubva munenge muna 1760, iyo Bani Yas mubatanidzwa wemadzinza inotungamirwa nemhuri yeAl Nahyan yakamisa dzimba dzekugara pachitsuwa cheAbu Dhabi.

Muzana ramakore re19th, Abu Dhabi akasaina zvibvumirano zvakasarudzika uye zvinodzivirira neBritain izvo zvakaidzivirira kubva kumagakava ematunhu uye zvichiita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zvigadzirike, uku ichibvumira mhuri inotonga kuchengetedza kuzvitonga. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi20, zvichitevera kuwanikwa kwe matura emafuta, Abu Dhabi akatanga kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvisina kuchena uye kushandisa mari yaitevera kukurumidza kushandura kuita pfuma, guta rinoda chinzvimbo rinofungidzirwa nemutongi waro wekupedzisira Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.

Nhasi, Abu Dhabi inoshanda senzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika uye yekutonga yemubatanidzwa weUAE wakaumbwa muna 1971, pamwe nenzvimbo yemasangano makuru emubatanidzwa. Guta racho rinogarawo vakawanda mahofisi evamiriri vedzimwe nyika nemaconsulates. Panyaya yehupfumi uye huwandu hwevanhu, zvakadaro, Dubai iri padyo yakabuda seyakanyanya kuwanda uye akasiyana emirate yeUAE.

Geography, Mamiriro ekunze uye Magadzirirwo

Abu Dhabi emirate inosvika 67,340 square kilometers, inomiririra 86% yenzvimbo yese yeUAE - nekudaro ichiita iyo emirate yakakura nehukuru. Nekudaro, ingangoita 80% yenzvimbo iyi yepasi inosanganisira nzvimbo shoma yerenje nemahombekombe ari kunze kwemiganhu yeguta.

Guta pacharo rine nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzakabatana dzinongotora 1,100 square kilometres. Abu Dhabi inoratidzira mamiriro ekunze anopisa emugwenga ane nguva yechando yakaoma, yezuva uye nekupisa kwakanyanya. Kunaya kwemvura kwakadzikira uye hakuna kujeka, kunoitika kunyanya kuburikidza nemvura isingafungidzirwe pakati paMbudzi naKurume.

Iyo emirate ine nzvimbo nhatu dzenzvimbo:

  • Nzvimbo yakamanikana yegungwa yakaganhurwa ne Persian Gulf Kumaodzanyemba, kuine nzvimbo dzekugezera, mabhichi, nzvimbo dzine mvura zhinji uye madhaka emunyu. Apa ndipo panowanikwa pakati peguta neruzhinji rwevanhu.
  • Nzvimbo yakakura yerenje rakati sandara, rine jecha risina chinhu (rinozivikanwa seal-dhafra) richienda kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu neSaudi Arabia, riine nzvimbo dzakapararira chete nenzvimbo diki dzekugara.
  • Dunhu rekumadokero rinoganhurana neSaudi Arabia uye rine nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoshamisa dze Hajar Makomo iyo inokwira kusvika kumamita 1,300.

Guta reAbu Dhabi rakatarwa muchimiro che "T" yakatsveyamiswa ine corniche yegungwa uye akati wandei mabhiriji ekubatanidza kune zvitsuwa zvemahombekombe sezvakaitika muMamsha Al Saadiyat neReem Island. Kuwedzera kukuru kwemadhorobha kuchiri kuenderera mberi nechiratidzo che2030 chakanangana nekuchengetedza uye kurarama.

Demographic Profile uye Migration Pateni

Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwe2017, huwandu hwese hwe Abu Dhabi emirate hwaive mamiriyoni 2.9, kuita ingangoita 30% yehuwandu hweUAE. Mukati meizvi, vanongosvika 21% chete ndivo zvizvarwa zveUAE kana vagari veEmirati, nepo vatorwa nevashandi vekunze vanoumba ruzhinji rwakawandisa.

Huwandu hwevanhu hunoenderana nenharaunda dzinogarwa nevanhu vanosvika 408 pakiromita imwe neimwe. Huwandu hwevarume nevakadzi pakati pevagari veAbu Dhabi hwakamisikidzwa zvakanyanya kusvika pa3: 1 - nekuda kwehuwandu husina kuenzana hwevashandirume vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika uye chikamu chebasa kusaenzana kwevakadzi.

Nekuda kwekubudirira kwehupfumi uye kugadzikana, iyo UAE uye kunyanya Abu Dhabi yabuda pakati penyika nzvimbo dzinotungamira dzekuenda kune dzimwe nyika mumakumi emakore adarika. Sekufungidzira kweUN, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanosanganisira 88.5% yehuwandu hweUAE muna 2019 - chikamu chepamusoro chakadaro pasi rose. MaIndia anoumba boka guru revanhu vanobva kunze kwenyika rinoteverwa nemaBangladesh, maPakistani nemaPhilippines. VekuMadokero neEast-Asia vanotambira mari yepamusoro vanotorawo hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi.

Mukati mevagari vemo veEmirati, nzanga inoomerera zvikurukuru kutsika dzamadzibaba dzenhaka yedzinza reBedouin. Mazhinji Emiratis emuno ane mabasa anobhadharwa zvakanyanya eruzhinji uye anogara munzvimbo dzekugara dzega uye maguta emisha yemadzitateguru akanyanya kunze kweguta.

Economy neBudiriro

Inofungidzirwa kuti 2020 GDP (pakutenga simba parity) yeUS $414 bhiriyoni, Abu Dhabi inodarika makumi mashanu muzana chikamu cheiyo yakazara GDP yenyika yemubatanidzwa weUAE. Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheGDP iyi inobva mafuta asina kuchena uye gasi rechisikigo kugadzirwa - kunosanganisira 29% uye 2% migove yega yega. Kusati kwaitwa zvirongwa zvekusiyana-siyana kwehupfumi zvakatanga makore a2000, mupiro wese hydrocarbons kazhinji inodarika 60%.

Hutungamiri hwekuona uye hurongwa hwemari hune hungwaru hwakagonesa Abu Dhabi kuendesa mari dzemafuta mumadhiraivha makuru ekusimudzira maindasitiri, zvivakwa zvepasi rose, nzvimbo dzedzidzo yepamusoro, zvinokwezva zvekushanya uye mabhizinesi ehunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji, mabasa emari pakati pemamwe matunhu ari kusimukira. Nhasi, inenge 64% yeGDP ye emirate inobva kune isiri-oiri yakazvimirira yega.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvehupfumi zvinoratidzawo shanduko yekukurumidza yeAbu Dhabi uye chimiro chazvino pakati pemaguta epamusoro uye akapfuma pasi rose:

  • Mari yemunhu wega wega kana kuti GNI yakakwira zvakanyanya pamadhora makumi matanhatu nenomwe sehuwandu hweWorld Bank.
  • Changamire hupfumi mari senge Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) yakafungidzira hupfumi hwemabhiriyoni mazana manomwe emadhora, zvichiita kuti ive pakati pehukuru hwenyika.
  • Fitch ratings inopa Abu Dhabi iyo inochiva 'AA' giredhi - inoratidza yakasimba mari uye maonero ehupfumi.
  • Chikamu chisiri chemafuta chakawana mwero wepagore wekukura weanopfuura 7% pakati pa2003 na2012 akatarisana nemaitiro ekusiyana.
  • Inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri emadhora akatemerwa mapurojekiti anoenderera mberi uye emangwana pasi pezvirongwa zvehurumende zvekumhanyisa seGhadan 22.

Kunyangwe kukwira nekudzika kwehupfumi kubva mukudonha kwemitengo yemafuta uye nyaya dzazvino sekushaikwa kwevechidiki uye kuvimba zvakanyanya nevashandi vekunze, Abu Dhabi inotaridzika kunge yakagadzirira kukwidziridza hupfumi hwayo hwepetro-hupfumi uye geostrategic zvakanakira kusimbisa nzvimbo yayo yepasirese.

Machikamu Makuru Anobatsira Kuhupfumi

Mafuta Gas

Kumba kune anopfuura bhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere madhiramu ezvikara zvisina kuchena, Abu Dhabi inobata 98% yeUAE yakazara petroleum deposits. Nzvimbo dzakakura dzemafuta ekumahombekombe dzinosanganisira Asab, Sahil neShah nepo matunhu ari kumahombekombe akaita seUmm Shaif neZakum aratidza kugadzirwa kwakanyanya. Pamwe chete, Abu Dhabi inogadzira anenge miriyoni 90 madhiramu zuva nezuva - mazhinji emisika yekunze.

ADNOC kana Abu Dhabi National Oil Company inoramba iri mutambi anotungamira anotarisa kumusoro kusvika zasi kwezviitwa zvinotora ongororo, kugadzira, kunatsa kune petrochemicals uye kutengesa mafuta kuburikidza neanotsigira seADCO, ADGAS neADMA-OPCO. Mamwe makuru makuru emafuta epasi rese seBritish Petroleum, Shell, Total uye ExxonMobil anochengetedzawo kushanda kwakawanda pasi pezvibvumirano zvemvumo uye mabatiro akabatana neADNOC.

Sechikamu chekusiyana kwehupfumi, kukoshesa kuri kuwedzera kunoiswa pakutora kukosha kubva pamitengo yemafuta yakakwira kuburikidza nemaindasitiri ari pasi pemvura pane kungotengesa kunze kwenyika. Ambitious mashandiro epasi mumapombi anosanganisira Ruwais yekunatsa uye petrochemical kuwedzera, iyo kabhoni-ineutral Al Reyadah nzvimbo uye crude flexibility chirongwa neADNOC.

Energy Renewable

Yakabatana nehukuru hwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvibodzwa zvekusimudzira, Abu Dhabi yabuda pakati pevatungamiriri vepasirese vari kusimudzira simba rinovandudzwa uye rakachena vachitungamirwa nevaoni vakaita saDr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber anotungamira vane mukurumbira. Masdar Yakachena Energy yakasimba.

Guta reMasdar, riri padhuze nendege yepasi rose yeAbu Dhabi, inoshanda senzvimbo yakaderera-kabhoni uye yakachena tekinoroji inobata masangano ekutsvagisa uye mazana emafemu ane hunyanzvi ari kuita hunyanzvi hutsva munzvimbo dzakaita sesimba rezuva, kufamba kwemagetsi uye mhinduro dzemaguta.

Kunze kwenzvimbo yeMasdar, mamwe mapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa muAbu Dhabi anosanganisira zvidyarwa zvakakura zvezuva kuAl Dhafra neSweihan, zvidyarwa zvekurasa-ku-simba, uye gwenya renyukireya reBarakah rakaitwa neKorea KEPCO - iyo kana yapera inoburitsa 25% yezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zveUAE.

Tourism nekugamuchira vaeni

Abu Dhabi inobata kukwezva kukuru kwekushanya kunobva kuhupfumi hwayo hwetsika inosangana nezvinokwezva zvemazuva ano, mipiro yemhando yepamusoro yevaenzi, mabhichi akanaka uye mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Zvimwe zvinokwezva zvenyeredzi zvinoisa Abu Dhabi zvakasimba pakati pe Middle East ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa nzvimbo dzekutandarira:

  • Architectural zvinoshamisa - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, iyo inopenya Emirates Palace Hotel, Qasr Al Watan palace yemutungamiri.
  • Mamuseum uye nzvimbo dzetsika - inozivikanwa pasi rose Louvre Abu Dhabi, Zayed National Museum
  • Theme mapaki uye nzvimbo dzekutandarira - Ferrari World, Warner Bros. World, Yas Island zvinokwezva
  • Upmarket hotera cheni nenzvimbo dzekutandarira - Vane mukurumbira vanoshanda seJumeirah, Ritz-Carlton, Anantara neRotana vanobata hupo hukuru.
  • Mashopu ezvitoro uye varaidzo - Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekutengesa dzinosanganisira Yas Mall, World Trade Center uye Marina Mall iri padyo nechiteshi chengarava cheyacht.

Nepo dambudziko reCCIDID-19 rakarova chikamu chekushanya zvakanyanya, pakati nepakati tarisiro yekukura kwenguva refu inoramba iri yakanaka sezvo Abu Dhabi inosimbisa kubatana, inobata misika mitsva mhiri kweEurope seIndia neChina uku ichiwedzera kupa kwayo tsika.

Zvemari uye Professional Services

Zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi, Abu Dhabi akashanda nesimba kusimudzira ecosystem inogonesa kukura kweakazvimiririra asiri emafuta zvikamu, kunyanya semabhangi, inishuwarenzi, kuraira kwekudyara pakati pemamwe maindasitiri epamusoro ane ruzivo apo kuwanikwa kwetarenda kunoramba kuri kushoma mudunhu.

Iyo Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) yakatangwa munharaunda ine mukurumbira yeAl Maryah Island inoshanda senzvimbo yakakosha yehupfumi ine mitemo yayo yehurumende neyekutengeserana, ichipa mafemu 100% varidzi vekunze uye zero mutero pakudzosera purofiti - nekudaro ichikwezva mabhanga makuru epasi rose nemasangano ezvemari. .

Nenzira yakafanana, Abu Dhabi Airport's Free Zone (ADAFZ) padyo nenzvimbo dzendege inogonesa 100% makambani ekunze kuti ashandise Abu Dhabi senzvimbo yedunhu yekuwedzera mumisika yeMiddle East-Africa. Vanopa masevhisi ehunyanzvi sevanopa mazano, mafemu ekushambadzira uye vanogadzira tech solution vanowedzera kukurudzira kwakadai kwekupinda mumusika mushe uye scalability.

Hurumende uye Kutonga

Hutongi hwenhaka hwemhuri yeAl Nahyan hunoenderera mberi husina kukanganiswa kubva 1793, kubva pakatanga nhoroondo yeBani Yas kugara mu Abu Dhabi. Mutungamiri uye Mutongi we Abu Dhabi anotora kudomwa kweMutungamiriri mukati mehurumende yemubatanidzwa yeUAE.

Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan parizvino akabata zvinzvimbo zvese. Anoramba zvakadaro akasarudzika kubva kune hutongi hwenguva dzose, nemukoma wake wechidiki anovimbwa uye anoremekedzwa zvikuru Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed ane masimba makuru ehutongi seCrown Prince uye de-facto mutungamiri wenyika anotungamira mashini eAbu Dhabi uye maonero emubatanidzwa.

Kuti zvive nyore kutonga, Abu Dhabi emirate yakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu emanisiparati - Abu Dhabi Municipality inotarisira nzvimbo huru yemadhorobha, Al Ain Municipality inotungamira madhorobha emadhorobha, uye dunhu reAl Dhafra rinotarisa nzvimbo dziri kure dzerenje kumadokero. Madhumeni aya anobata mabasa ehutongi hweveruzhinji akaita sezvivakwa, zvifambiso, zvekushandisa, zviraudzo zvebhizinesi uye kuronga kwemadhorobha kumatunhu avo kuburikidza nemasangano akazvimiririra uye madhipatimendi ekutonga.

Sosaiti, Vanhu uye Mararamiro

Zviitiko zvakati wandei zvinopindirana mukati memagariro uye tsika yeAbu Dhabi:

  • The strong imprint of indigenous Emirati nhaka inoramba ichionekwa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakadai sehushingi husingagumi hwemadzinza nemhuri huru, kufarirwa kwengamera uye falcon racing semitambo yemagariro, kukosha kwechitendero uye masangano enyika semauto ehondo muhupenyu hwevanhu.
  • Kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano uye kubudirira mune zveupfumi kwaunzawo budiriro mararamiro evanhu vose izere nezvinhu zvevatengi, kunaka kwekutengeserana, nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa-vakadzi dzemagariro uye nzvimbo yakafuridzirwa yepasi rose yehunyanzvi nezviitiko.
  • Pakupedzisira, chiyero chepamusoro chemapoka ekunze chawedzera zvikuru kusiyana kwemarudzi uye tsika dzakasiyana - nemitambo yakawanda yekune dzimwe nyika yetsika, nzvimbo dzekunamatira uye chikafu chinowana kusimba kwakasimba. Nekudaro, mutengo wekugara unodhura unotadzisawo kudzika midzi pakati pevagari veko uye vagari vekunze vanowanzo tora Abu Dhabi senzvimbo yekushanda yenguva pfupi kwete kumba.

Kuzvibata zviwanikwa mashandisirwo anoomerera kune dzidziso dzakatenderedza hupfumi uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri kuwedzerawo kuve micherechedzo mitsva yekuzivikanwa kwaAbu Dhabi yekushuvira sekuratidzwa muzvirevo zvechiratidzo senge Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030.

Nzvimbo dzekubatana neSingapore

Nekuda kwekufanana kwechimiro chehupfumi chakamisikidzwa nediki diki revagari vemo uye entrepôt basa rekubatanidza kutengeserana kwepasirese, Abu Dhabi neSingapore dzakagadzira hukama hwakasimba hwenyika mbiri uye kuchinjana nguva nenguva muzvikamu zvekutengeserana, zvekudyara nekudyidzana kwehunyanzvi.

  • Mafemu eAbu Dhabi akaita sehomwe yehupfumi Mubadala anoita mari yakawanda mumasangano eSingapore kune tekinoroji, mishonga uye zvivakwa.
  • Masangano eSingapore sekambani yekudyara Temasek uye chiteshi chengarava PSA vakatsigira zvakafanana mapurojekiti akavakirwa paAbu Dhabi senge realty uye logistics infrastructure yakatenderedza Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi (KIZAD).
  • Abu Dhabi ports uye zviteshi zvinobatana kune anopfuura makumi mana eSingapore mitsara yekutakura uye ngarava dzinofona ipapo.
  • Munzvimbo dzetsika nehupfumi hwevanhu, nhume dzevechidiki, kudyidzana kwemayunivhesiti uye kuyanana kwekutsvagisa kunogonesa hukama hwakadzama.
  • Memorandum of Understanding iripo yakatenderedza nzvimbo dzekushandira pamwe sekutakura, matekinoroji ekuchengetedza mvura, biomedical sainzi uye Al-Maryah Island nzvimbo yemari.

Hukama hwakasimba hwenyika mbiri idzi hunowedzerwawo nekutsinhana kwepamusoro-soro kwemakurukota uye kushanya kwenyika, Singapore Business Federation inovhura chitsauko chemuno uye ndege dzeEthihad dzinoshanda nendege dzakananga dzichiratidza kukura kwe traffic. Mikana iri kusimukira yakatenderedza tekinoroji kugadzira pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu inozivisa hukama hwakatosimba pamberi.

Chokwadi, Superlatives uye Stats

Heano mamwe echokwadi echokwadi uye manhamba anopfupikisa chinzvimbo chepamusoro cheA Abu Dhabi:

  • Iine huwandu hunofungidzirwa hweGDP hunodarika madhora mazana mana emadhora, Abu Dhabi ari pakati pe 50 vakapfuma hupfumi hwenyika pasi rose.
  • Sovereign hupfumi homwe zvinhu zviri pasi pemanejimendi zvinotendwa kudarika madhora mazana manomwe emadhora zvinoita kuti Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) ive iyo. chikuru pasi rose yakadaro yehurumende mari yemotokari.
  • Pedyo ne10% yepasirese inopupurirwa pasi rose matura emafuta iri mukati me Abu Dhabi emirate - inosvika 98 bhiriyoni madhiramu.
  • Imba kune mapazi emasangano ane mukurumbira se Louvre Museum uye Sorbonne University - ese ari maviri ekutanga kunze kweFrance.
  • Yakagamuchira vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nerimwe vashanyi muna 11, zvichiita kuti Abu Dhabi ave iyo 2nd guta rakashanyirwa zvakanyanya munyika yeArab.
  • Iyo inozivikanwa pasi rose Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque ine nzvimbo inodarika mahekita makumi mana uye 40 domes chena inoramba iri iyo. 3rd hombe mosque pasi rose.
  • Masdar City ndeimwe yemaguta budiriro dzemudhorobha dzakasimba ine 90% nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye zvivakwa zvinopihwa simba nezvinovandudzwa.
  • Emirates Palace hotera ine 394 makamuri emhando yepamusoro ine pamusoro 1,000 Swarovski crystal chandeliers.

Outlook uye Vision

Nepo chokwadi chiripo chezvehupfumi uye kuvimba nevashandi vekunze kuchiunza matambudziko akaomarara, Abu Dhabi inoita kunge yakagadzirira kukwira sedunhu reGCC rehupfumi uye guta repamusoro-soro repasi rose rinosanganisa nhaka yeArab nechishuwo chepamusoro.

Hupfumi hwayo hwepeturu, kugadzikana, nzvimbo dzakakura dzehydrocarbon uye nhanho dzinokurumidza kutenderedza simba rinodzokororwa zvinoiisa zvine mutsindo pamabasa ehutungamiriri ane hungwaru anogadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza simba dzakatarisana nenyika. Zvichakadaro, zvikamu zviri kusimukira zvakaita sekushanya, hutano hwehutano uye tekinoroji zvinoratidza mukana wakakura wemabasa ehupfumi hweruzivo anobata misika yepasi rose.

Kusunga idzi tambo dzakawanda ndiyo inosanganisirwa yeEmirati ethos inosimbisa tsika dzakasiyana, kugoneswa kwevakadzi uye kukanganisa kwakanaka kunosimudzira kufambira mberi kwevanhu mune ramangwana rakajeka. Abu Dhabi inoratidzika kunge yakarongerwa shanduko inoshamisa mumakore anotevera.

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