mari machira ndiyo nzira yekugadzira guru sums of mari- yakagadzirwa kuburikidza mhosva mabasa akadai sokutengesa zvinodhaka kana kupa mari nemagandanga—zvinoita sokuti zvinobva zviri pamutemo manyuko kana mabasa. Iro idambudziko guru repasi rose iro Magweta inogona kuita basa rinokosha mukurwisa.

Mhedziso yeKupamba Kwemari

Money laundering zvinowanzoitika mumatanho matatu: kupinda muzvikoro, layering, uye kusangana.
munguva kupinda muzvikoro, matsotsi anotanga apinza mari “ane tsvina” inowanwa mumibato isiri pamutemo mugadziriro yezvemari yepamutemo. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kurambana guru inosvika mumari idiki isinganyanyi kusimudza mireza mitsvuku.
Mu layering chikamu, mupari wemhosva anopinda mukutengeserana kwemari kwakaoma kuti abvise mari kubva kune zvisiri pamutemo mabviro. Izvi zvinoshandisa nzira dzakaita semhiri kwemakungwa waya kuchinjisa kana kufambisa mari kuburikidza negoko makambani.
Pakupedzisira, panguva kusangana, mari yacho inopindazve muhupfumi hwepamutemo yakavharwa se zviri pamutemo mari dzebhizimisi. Panguva ino, the mhosva abudirira kubvisa mari.
Maitiro akajairika anoshandiswa kubvisirwa mari zvinosanganisira zvirongwa zvekutengeserana, kushandiswa kwemakasino uye kutengeserana kwezvivakwa, kugadzira magoko uye makambani epamberi, smurfing, uye kushandisa zvisina kunaka nzira dzekubhadhara senge cryptocurrencies.
Chiyero che kubvisirwa mari pasi rose yakakura. Nekumwe fungidziro, inosvika mazana masere emadhora mabhiriyoni kusvika kumadhora mazana maviri emadhora inocheneswa pasi rose gore rega rega, zvichiita 800% kusvika 2% yeGDP yepasi rose.
Banks, kuchinjanisa mari, makasino, masangano ezvivakwa, cryptocurrency exchanges, uye kunyange magweta anogona netsaona kugonesa mari kubira nekutadza kuitisa kwakaringana kushingaira pafungidziro kutengeserana uye vatengi, uyewo kusaziva zvakasiyana-siyana. mhando dzehutsotsi muaccounting izvo zvinofambisa nzira.

Mhedzisiro yeKupamba Kwemari

Kubiridzira mari kunofambisa hutsotsi hwakakomba hwakarongeka uye hunokanganisa nzanga:

Inopa mari yakakosha kune njodzi mhosva mabasa akadai chiremba kutengesa, magandanga kurwisa, kutengesa zvombo, uori, uye kunyange kuponda.
Kunzvenga mutero kwakanyanya kunopedza simba mari dzevanhu inodiwa pazvivakwa, dzidzo, zvirongwa zvehutano, uye mamwe mabasa eruzhinji.
Inokanganisa zvakanyanya kutengeserana kwenyika uye data yehupfumi nekuvanza kwakabva uye kwainoenda mari akayambuka miganhu.
Kuiswa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora mumisika yezvivakwa zveumbozha kunokwidza mitengo yedzimba, zvichiwedzera kusaenzana uye kushaya pekugara.
Kuburikidza nekuvharidzira kuzivikanwa kwevanhu uye kuvanza varidzi, zvinorerutsa huwori hwevashandi vehurumende, zvinobvisa kuzvidavirira, uye kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwenyika.

“Kubiridzira mari ndiyo injini yematsotsi akarongeka. Pasina iyo, umambo hwematsotsi munyika yose hwaizoparara.” - John Cassara, nyanzvi yekubira mari uye aimbove mukuru wehungwaru hweUS

Kune vanhu uye makambani akabatwa achigonesa kubira mari, kungave nekuziva kana nekusaziva, mhedzisiro yacho yakakomba zvakanyanya:

Zvirango zvakaoma zvemari kazhinji mumamiriyoni emadhora ekutadza kwakarongeka mukutonga kwe AML.
Severe kukuvadza mukurumbira kune vese vanhu uye masangano emari ane chekuita.
Kugona kuomeswa nechando kana kutorerwa chero midziyo inotevedzwa kumari yekubira mari.
Kutongerwa kugara mujeri kwenguva refu pakubatwa nemhosva yekubira mari kana kubhadhariswa mari ine chekuita.

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Regulations

Kurwisa dambudziko iri rakakura uye rine njodzi, nyika zhinji dzine mirau yakakura uye masangano akatarisana nekuona nekudzivirira kutambisa mari:

United Arab Emirates ine hwaro hwemutemo hwakasimba hwekurwisa kubiwa kwemari, kuenderana nezviyero zvepasi rose, kunyanya kurudziro yeFinancial Action Task Force (FATF).

AML Law (Federal Decree-Law No. 20 of 2018): Uyu ndiwo mutemo wekutanga we AML muUAE. Inotsanangura mhosva dzekubira mari uye inoisa hurongwa hwemutemo hwekudzivirira uye kurangwa kwemabasa ekubira mari. Mutemo uyu unobata huwandu hwakawanda hwemhosva dzakatarwa (mhosva dzinoburitsa mari zvisiri pamutemo) uye unoshanda kune akati wandei emasangano, anosanganisira masangano emari, mabhizinesi akasarudzwa asiri emari nehunyanzvi, uye masangano asingabatsiri.

Central Bank Guidelines: Iyo UAE Central Bank inopa yakadzama nhungamiro uye maseruvha kumasangano ezvemari, ichipa hurongwa hwemutengi kushingairira, kutarisa kwekutengeserana, uye kuzivisa mafambisirwo anofungidzirwa. Masangano emari anosungirwa kumisa maitiro emukati uye kudzora masisitimu kuti aone uye ataure zviitiko zvinofungirwa.

Kushuma Kunyumwa Transactions: Masangano anosungirwa kuti ataure nekukasira chero anofungidzirwa kuita mari zvisiri pamutemo kuUAE Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). Iyo FIU inoshanda pasi peCentral Bank uye ine basa rekugamuchira, kuongorora, uye kuparadzira ruzivo rwune chekuita nekugona kuita mari yekubira kana mari yemagandanga.

Kubatana Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose: Iyo UAE inoshingairira kutora chikamu mukuyedza kwepasirese kurwisa kubira mari nekupa mari yemagandanga. Yakabvumidza magungano epasi rose akawanda uye inhengo yeGulf Cooperation Council's Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Commission.

Zvirango uye Kusimbisa: Mutemo we AML unotara zvirango zvakaomarara zvemhosva dzekubira mari, kusanganisira faindi nekuvharirwa mujeri. Vatongi veUAE uye vezvemitemo vanopihwa simba rekuferefeta nekumhan'ara nyaya dzekubira mari.

Kuenderera Kuongorora uye Kutevedzera: Masangano ezvemari nemamwe masangano anosungirwa anofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekutarisa hukama hwebhizinesi ravo uye kuita hunyanzvi hwakawedzerwa uko njodzi huru dzinoonekwa.

Kuongorora Kwengozi uye Kutarisira: Masangano anosungirwa kugara achiongorora njodzi kuti anzwisise uye agadzirise kuratidzwa kwavo mukubata mari zvisiri pamutemo uye njodzi dzemagandanga.

Kudzidziswa uye Kuziva: Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvenguva dzose zvinosungirwa kuvashandi vemasangano ezvemari neasiri emari kuti vaone kuti vanoziva nezvemitemo ye AML uye vanogona kunyatsoona uye kushuma zviitiko zvinofungirwa.

Mienzaniso yehupenyu chaihwo yezviito zvekumanikidza muUAE inoratidza kuzvipira kwenyika kurwisa kubiwa kwemari. Semuyenzaniso, iyo UAE yakaona nyaya dzepamusoro-soro apo masangano ezvemari akabhadhariswa faindi yekusatevedzera mirairo ye AML.

Mitemo yeUAE's AML yakazara uye yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira, kuona, uye kumhan'ara zviitiko zvekubira mari. Zvinoratidza kuzvipira kwenyika kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwayo hwemari uye chimiro chayo munharaunda yenyika.

Nekudaro, nekuoma kuri kukura kwezvirongwa zvekubira mari, kuchine mikaha mikuru yekutonga iyo magweta anogona kubatsira kuzadza kuburikidza nekuziva kwakaringana uye proactive njodzi manejimendi, achitsigira. Anti money laundering UAE mazano.

Gweta reKubira Mari Rinopa Masevhisi Akakosha Zvemutemo ane chekuita neMhosva dzeMari dzakaoma

Kuita mari zvisiri pamutemo kunosanganisira kuvanza mari isiri pamutemo kana kuita kuti iite seyakatenderwa kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwakaoma. Inogonesa matsotsi kuvanza nekushandisa mari inobva mumabasa asiri pamutemo akaita sehutsotsi, kunzvenga mutero, kana mari yemagandanga. Sepasi rose anti-money laundering (AML) mitemo inowedzera, mabhizimisi pamwe chete nevanhu vanotarisana nezvirango zvakaomarara kana vakasatevedzera kana kupindira zvakananga muzvirongwa zvekubiridzira mari. Munzvimbo ino, masevhisi ehunyanzvi hwezvemutemo akakosha chose.

Magweta ekubira mari vane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwemitemo yakaoma kunzwisisa uye mirau inodzora yakaoma mhosva dzemari mu UAE. Kunyangwe vachimiririra vatengi vakatarisana nemhosva kana kupa hunyanzvi hwekuteedzera kuraira, ivo vanotumira akawanda akakosha masevhisi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutungamira vatengi kuburikidza nekuferefeta, kuvaka dziviriro yepamutemo yakasimba, uye kuwiriranisa maAML maitiro netarisiro yakasimba yemitemo.

Zvirango Zvakaoma Zvemutemo Zvinoshandiswa

Vanhu vanobatwa nemhosva dzekuba mari zvisiri pamutemo vakatarisana nemhosva dzakakomba pasi rose. Zvirango zvinosiyana munzvimbo dzese asi zvinowanzobatanidza:

Zvirango zvemari zvakakura kusvika zvakapetwa kaviri zvemari yakabviswa.
Complete asset kubviswa kusanganisira zvivakwa, mota, mabhizinesi, uye mari yeakaundi yebhangi.
Makore ehusungwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semari yakawachwa uye nhoroondo yekupara mhosva.

Kumabhizinesi, zvinokonzeresa zvinosanganisira faindi dzinorema, kubvisirwa marezinesi ekushanda, makambani akaparara, uye mhosva yemunhu kune vatungamiri vanoteerera. Nekuziva kufambisa mari yekubira kunotungamirawo kudzika kukuvadza mukurumbira. Nekugona kwepamusoro kwekutsvaga zvemari, vachuchisi vanoona kutanga nyaya dzichiwedzera kuitika.

"Kunyarara kwavo chombo chavo, kuvanzika kwemutengi wavo nhovo pakururamisira." - Mutongi ari kutonga nyaya yekubira mari

Nei Kumiririrwa Kwemitemo Kuchikosha

Kufamba nekuferefeta mari yekubira uye mhosva pasina nyanzvi yekudzivirira yemutemo kune ngozi zvakanyanya. Sekutaura kwegweta muna UAE, Advocate [[Hassan Elhais]], “danho rekutanga rine musoro nderokuita nyanzvi yezvemitemo”. Kunzwisisa kwavo kwakadzama kwemirau yekuteedzera mari kunoratidza kukosha. Vanopa zvakare:

Pakarepo Kuongorora Mhinduro

Kana zviremera zvangotanga kubvunza, kukurumidza kuita magweta kunobatsira nganonyorwa dzinobvunza kuve kwechokwadi kwekupomerwa panguva dzekutanga.

Kuongorora Uchapupu

Kunyatsoongorora humbowo hwekuchuchisa kunoburitsa kusapindirana kwekukanganisa mhosva. Pasina kuongororwa kwemutemo nekukurumidza mushure mekubatwa, midziyo inotsigira mabhizinesi uye mararamiro anowanzoramba akaomeswa.

Kunyengetedza Vachuchisi

Magweta ane hunyanzvi anotaurirana nevachuchisi, achiratidzira kusasimba kwehumbowo uye kuvatungamira kuti vasiye nyaya kana kuderedza chirango.

Courtroom Defenses

Vanodzivirira vatengi kumatare zvine hukasha nekuvapomera mhosva kana mhosva ikaramba iripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupikisa zvizere humbowo husina chokwadi hwechokwadi.

Proactive Guidance pane AML Obligations

Pamusoro pekudzivirira kwakasimba kwemhosva, magweta ekubira mari anopa nhungamiro inoshanda pamabasa emutemo akatenderedza mitemo yakaoma. Ivo vanopa kuraira kwakagadzirirwa uye kutevedzera akanakisa maitiro ekuona nekudzivirira kushandiswa kusiri pamutemo kwenzira dziri pamutemo. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:

Kugadzirisa maitiro ekubika kweAML, kuongororwa kwemukati uye maitiro ekushingaira anoenderana neazvino FATF kutungamira.
Kudzidzisa vashandi kuti vaone uye vataure nekukurumidza fungidziro yekutengeserana kuburikidza nemaSAR uye mamwe anosungirwa kuburitsa nzira.
Nguva nenguva kusimbisa KYC maitiro ekuona maitiro ekuongorora kwevatengi tsanangura nezve shanduko dzakaonekwa njodzi dzekubira mari uye typology.

Kuwedzera Nyanzvi Nzvimbo

Nezivo yakaoma yehunyanzvi uye yekutonga, magweta ekubira mari anobatsirawo nedzimwe nzvimbo:

Asset recovery help mushure mekutonhora kana kubatwa kuburikidza nematare.
Kukwezva regulator fines uye zvirango zvekutonga nekujekesa kukanganisa kwemaitiro uye kunyora zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa.
Kudzivirira zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera uye kupa zano pamusoro nzira dzekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukuferefeta kuyambuka muganhu kunotora nyika dzakawanda.
Forensic ongororo yeakaunti, zvibvumirano uye kuchinjana kuona clawback kana kubuda sarudzo kana uchifumura mari isiriyo yema investor.

Kusarudza Zano Remutemo Rakakodzera

Neunyanzvi hwemari uye hwemutemo pazvido zvakakura kudaro, kungwarira kwakakodzera pakusarudzwa kwevapangamazano zvine hungwaru pamwe chete nematanho eruzivo rwekubata nyaya dzeAML dzezvikamu zvakati, zvimiro zvemubhadharo, pamwe nerekodhi rekodhi rinowana mibairo yakanaka.

Magweta ekubira mari anopa rubatsiro rwakanyanya hunyanzvi, hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira hwakakwenenzverwa kubva mukufumurwa kwakawanda uye kudzidziswa. Nekupa mazano vatengi uye kuongorora kutengeserana kwakaoma, vanozadzisa basa rakakosha - kujekesa zvisungo uye zvipimo zvemabhizinesi uku uchichengeta kodzero dzemunhu dzakachengetedzwa. Unyanzvi hwavo kudzivirira kana kupomera mhosva dzemari zvakare zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya zvinobuda kune avo vanopomerwa.

Pakazara munzvimbo dzinogara dzichichinja-chinja mirawo uye kuwedzera zvikwereti zvechirango, kuchengetedza vanovimbika vanopanga mazano mune zvezvemari uye zvine chekuita nenyaya dzekubira mari kunoramba kwakakosha.