United Arab Emirates (Brazil) Riri mubatanidzwa wemaemirates manomwe: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, uye Fujairah. Chimiro chekutonga cheUAE musanganiswa wakasarudzika wetsika dzechiArab tsika nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwazvino.
Nyika inotongwa nea Supreme Council inoumbwa nevatongi vanomwe, avo sarudza mutungamiri nemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika kubva pakati pavo. Mutungamiri anoshanda semukuru wenyika, ukuwo mutungamiriri wehurumende, kazhinji mutongi weDubai, anotungamira hurumende necabinet.
Chimwe chezvakasiyana zvemafambisirwo ezvematongerwo enyika eUAE isimba rakakosha remhuri dzinotonga uye pfungwa yeshura, kana kubvunzana. Kunyangwe iyo UAE ine a federal framework, emirate yega yega inochengeta mwero wepamusoro wekuzvitonga mukugadzirisa zvinhu zvayo zvemukati, zvichiita kuti pave nekusiyana kwemaitiro ekutonga mumubatanidzwa.
UAE yakateedza gwara rekuvandudza zvematongerwo enyika zvishoma nezvishoma, kuunza masangano evanopa mazano uye maitiro esarudzo mashoma padanho renyika neemunharaunda. Zvisinei, kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika kunoramba kwakaganhurirwa, uye kushoropodzwa kwemhuri dziri kutonga kana mitemo yehurumende hakubvumidzwi.
Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi izvi, iyo UAE yakabuda sesimba redunhu, ichishandisa hupfumi hwayo uye dhipatimendi kugadzirisa nyaya dzedunhu uye kusimudzira zvido zvayo padanho repasi rose. Kunzwisisa hutongi hwakaoma uye masimba ezvematongerwo enyika eiyi nyika ine simba yeGulf kwakakosha pakunzwisisa yakakura geopolitical mamiriro eMiddle East.
Chii chinonzi Political Landscape muUAE?
The mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eUnited Arab Emirates zvakabatanidzwa nemidzi yawo yedzinza nemadzimambo enhaka. Nekudaro, simba chairo rinoiswa mumaoko emhuri dzinotonga dzeemirate yega yega.
Kudzora uku kunosvika kunharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika, uko vagari vanogona kutora chikamu mumabasa mashoma ekuraira uye maitiro esarudzo. Federal National Council inobvumira Emiratis kuvhotera hafu yenhengo dzayo, asi rinoramba riri boka rinobvunzana pasina masimba emutemo.
Pazasi peiyi facade yemasangano echizvino-zvino pane kupindirana kwakaoma kwekuvimbika kwedzinza, vatengesi vemabhizinesi, uye makwikwi ematunhu anoumba mutemo uye pesvedzero. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeUAE iri kuomeswa nemaitiro akasiyana ekutonga muEmirates nomwe.
Sezvo nyika inoronga hupfumi uye geopolitical kusimba, masimba emukati ari kuramba achidzokorora. Zvinhu zvakaita sekuteedzana kwehutungamiriri hweramangwana uye kutonga kumanikidzana munharaunda yekuchinja kunoedza kusimba kweiyo UAE yakasarudzika mubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika.
Ndeupi Rudzi rwePolitical System iyo UAE Inodzidzira?
United Arab Emirates inoshanda pasi pehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hunobatanidza masangano emazuva ano nemaitiro echivanhu echiArab ekubvunzana mazano. Pakare, inotsanangurwa semubatanidzwa wemamongi enhaka.
Iyi hybrid system ine chinangwa chekuenzanisa kubatana pasi pemubatanidzwa wepakati nekuzvimiririra kwekutonga kwedynastic padanho renzvimbo. Inosanganisira tsika yeArabian Gulf yeshura (kubvunza) nekupa vagari mabasa mashoma mumakanzuru ekuraira uye maitiro esarudzo. Zvakadaro, zvinhu zvedemocracy izvi zvinodzorwa zvakasimba, nekushoropodza hutungamiriri kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya.
Iyo UAE maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika anovimbisa kuenderera mberi kwevatongi venhaka uku vachichengetedza hutongi hwemazuva ano. Semutambi ari kuramba achipesvedzera mudunhu uye wepasirese, iyo UAE sisitimu inosanganisa yekare neyemazuva ano mune yakasarudzika hurongwa hwematongerwo enyika hunoratidza simba rakawanda rinodzikiswa netsika dzekutaurirana.
Chii Chimiro cheHurumende yeUAE?
United Arab Emirates ine yakasarudzika dhizaini yehurumende inosanganisa zvinhu zvemubatanidzwa uye zvemuno pasi pehutungamiriri hwevatongi venhaka. Padanho renyika, inoshanda semubatanidzwa wevanomwe semi-autonomous emirates.
Supreme Council yakamira pamusoro, ine vamiriri vanomwe vari kutonga avo pamwe chete vanoumba bato repamusoro-soro remitemo nepamusoro. Kubva pakati pavo, vanosarudza Mutungamiri anoshanda semutungamiri wenyika uye Prime Minister semukuru wehurumende.
Mutungamiriri wehurumende anotungamira dare remakurukota rinozivikanwa seCouncil of Ministers. Iri dare remakurukota ndiro rine basa rekunyora nekuita marongero ane chekuita nenyaya dzakaita sedziviriro, nyaya dzekunze, kubuda kwevanhu, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, imwe neimwe yemaemirates manomwe inochengetedzawo hurumende yenzvimbo inotungamirwa nemhuri inotonga.
VaEmirs vanoshandisa simba rekutonga pamusoro penzvimbo dzavo, kutonga nzvimbo dzakaita sematare edzimhosva, masevhisi everuzhinji, uye kusimudzira hupfumi.
Ichi chimiro cheviri chinobvumira UAE kuunza yakabatana kumberi kwemubatanidzwa uku ichichengetedza masimba echinyakare emhuri dzinotonga padanho renzvimbo. Iyo inosanganisa masangano emazuva ano sedare rakasarudzwa rekuraira (FNC) netsika yeArabia yehutongi hwesimba.
Kurongeka kune ese emirates kunoitika kuburikidza nemitumbi yakaita seFederal Supreme Council uye Constitutional Supreme Court. Zvakadaro simba rechokwadi rinoyerera kubva kumhuri dzinotonga muhurongwa hwakanyatsotarisirwa hwekutonga.
Mapato Ezvematongerwo enyika Akarongwa uye Anoitwa sei mukati meUAE?
United Arab Emirates haina hurongwa hwemapato akawanda ezvematongerwo enyika nenzira yechinyakare. Pane kudaro, kuita sarudzo kunonyanya kutariswa pakati pemhuri dzinotonga dzemaemirates manomwe uye vane simba vevatengesi vepamusoro. Hapana mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ari pamutemo anotenderwa kushanda pachena kana kukwikwidza musarudzo muUAE. Hurumende haicherechedze kushorwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakarongwa kana kushoropodzwa kunonangana nehutungamiriri.
Nekudaro, iyo UAE inobvumira mikana mishoma yekuti vagari vatore chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika kuburikidza nemakanzuru ekuraira uye sarudzo dzakadzorwa zvakasimba. Iyo Federal National Council (FNC) inoshanda sedare rinopa mazano, nehafu yenhengo dzayo dzakasarudzwa zvakananga nevagari veEmirati uye imwe hafu yakagadzwa nemhuri dzinotonga.
Saizvozvo, sarudzo dzinoitwa dzevamiriri mumakanzuru emunharaunda anotaurirana mune imwe neimwe emirate. Asi hurongwa uhwu hunotariswa nemazvo, nevanoda kukwikwidza vachiongororwa zvakasimba kuti vasave nekutyisidzirwa kwevanotonga.
Nepo pasina mapato emutemo aripo, nhandare dzisina kurongwa dzinotenderedza hukama hwemadzinza, mibatanidzwa yebhizinesi, uye hukama hwemagariro zvinopa nzira dzekuti mapoka anofarira ape simba kune vanogadzira mitemo nevatongi. Pakupedzisira, UAE inochengetedza chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika chisina kujeka chakatarisana nekutonga kwemasimba.
Chero chipi nechipi chehurongwa hwemapato akawanda kana kupikisa kwakarongeka kunoramba kuchirambidzwa kuitira kuchengetedza masimba ekutonga emadzimambo anogarwa nhaka.
Ndivanaani Vatungamiriri Vezvematongerwo enyika Vakakurumbira muUAE?
The Mubatanidzwa Arabhu Emeretsi ine hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakasiyana uko hutungamiriri hwakanangana pakati pemhuri dzinotonga dzevaemirates vanomwe. Nepo iyo UAE iine zvinzvimbo zvehushumiri uye masangano ekuraira, simba chairo rinoyerera kubva kumadzishe enhaka. Vatungamiriri vanoverengeka vakakosha vanomira:
Mutungamiri weEmir muUAE
Pamusoro pane vanomwe vanotonga maEmir vanoumba Supreme Council - iyo yepamusoro-soro yemutemo uye mubatanidzwa. Ava vatongi veDynastic vanoshandisa simba rekutonga pamusoro pemaemirates avo:
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan -Mutongi we Abu Dhabi uye Mutungamiriri weUAE
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum - Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri, Mutungamiriri, uye Mutongi weDubai
- Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi - Mutongi weSharjah
- Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi - Mutongi weAjman
- Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mu'alla - Mutongi weUmm Al Quwain
- Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi - Mutongi weRas Al Khaimah
- Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi - Mutongi weFujairah
Kupfuura Emir inotonga, vamwe vatungamiriri vane simba vanosanganisira:
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan – Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
- Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan – Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weNyika uye Gurukota rezvemukati menyika
- Obaid Humaid Al Tayer – Minister of State for Financial Affairs
- Reem Al Hashimy – Minister of State for International Cooperation
Nepo makurukota achibata mabasa ezvekunze nezvemari, vatongi venhaka vanochengeta chiremera chepamusoro pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvekutonga uye gwara remitemo yemubatanidzwa weUAE uye emirates yega.
Ndeapi Mabasa eUAE's federal & Local/Emirate Governments?
United Arab Emirates inoshandisa hurongwa hwemubatanidzwa hunopatsanura masimba pakati pehurumende yenyika nevanomwe vanomiririra emirates. Padanho remubatanidzwa, hurumende iri muAbu Dhabi inoona nezvezvinhu zvakakosha munyika uye inogadzira marongero pazvinhu zvakaita sedziviriro, nyaya dzekunze, kubuda kwevanhu munyika, kutengeserana, kutaurirana, uye zvekufambisa.
Nekudaro, imwe neimwe yemaemirates manomwe inochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwekuzvimiririra pamusoro penzvimbo dzayo. Hurumende dzenzvimbo, dzinotungamirwa nevatongi venhaka kana maEmir, dzinodzora marongero emukati menzvimbo dzakaita sehurongwa hwekutonga, zvirongwa zvekusimudzira hupfumi, kupihwa kwemabasa eruzhinji, uye manejimendi ezviwanikwa.
Ichi chimiro chehybrid chine chinangwa chekuenzanisa kubatana pasi pemubatanidzwa wepakati nehutongi hwechinyakare hunochengetwa nemhuri dzinotonga padanho renzvimbo mukati meemirate yega yega. MaEmir akaita seaya eDubai neSharjah anomhanyisa matunhu adzo senge nyika dzakazvimirira, achingotarisa kune zviremera zvemubatanidzwa pazvinhu zvakabvumiranwa.
Kuronga uye kuyananidza iyi chiyero chakatetepa chemubatanidzwa-yemunzvimbo mabasa inowira kumitumbi yakaita seSupreme Council inoumbwa nevatongi vanomwe. IUAE yakagadzira zvibvumirano zvekutonga uye nzira dzekutonga kudyidzana pakati pemirairo yemubatanidzwa nemasimba emunharaunda anobatwa nevatongi vemasimba.
Ko UAE ine Corporate Governance Code?
Ehe, United Arab Emirates ine kodhi yehutongi hwemakambani iyo makambani akanyorwa pachena anofanira kutevedzera. Yakatanga kuburitswa muna 2009 uye ikagadziridzwa muna 2020, iyo UAE Corporate Governance Code inoisa mitemo inosunga uye nhungamiro yemasangano akanyorwa pakutsinhana kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Zvinodiwa zvikuru pasi pebumbiro remitemo zvinosanganisira kuva nevatungamiriri vakazvimiririra vanosvika chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu pamabhodhi emakambani kuti vatarisire. Rinorayirawo kuumba makomiti ebhodhi anobata zvinhu zvakaita seaudit, mihoro, uye hutongi.
Iyo kodhi inosimbisa kujeka nekuita kuti zvive zvinomanikidzwa kune mafemu akanyorwa kuti aburitse zvese zvakabhadharwa, muripo, uye mubairo unopihwa kuvakuru vakuru uye nhengo dzebhodhi.
Makambani anofanirwawo kuona kupatsanurwa kwemabasa pakati peMukuru Mukuru nezvinzvimbo zvasachigaro. Zvimwe zvisungo zvinobata nzvimbo dzakaita sezvine chekuita nebato, marongero ekutengesa mukati, kodzero dzevagovani, uye tsika dzevatungamiriri. Hutongi hwemubatanidzwa hunotariswa neUAE's Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA).
Kunyange yakatarisana nemakambani eruzhinji, iyo kodhi inoratidza kuedza kweUAE kuita hutongi hwepamusoro uye kukwezva mari yakawanda yekunze senzvimbo yebhizinesi repasi rose.
Ko UAE iHumambo kana Yakasiyana Fomu?
United Arab Emirates imubatanidzwa wemamongi manomwe azere enhaka. Imwe neimwe yemaemirates manomwe - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah uye Fujairah - humambo hwakakwana hunotongwa nedzinza remhuri rinotonga rine simba guru.
Madzimambo, anozivikanwa seEmir kana Vatongi, vanogara nhaka nzvimbo yavo nechiremera pamusoro peemirates yavo munhaka system. Ivo vanoshanda sevatungamiriri venyika uye vatungamiriri vehurumende vane hutongi hwakakwana pamusoro penzvimbo dzavo.
Padanho remubatanidzwa, iyo UAE inosanganisira zvimwe zveparamende demokrasi. Federal Supreme Council inoumbwa nevanomwe vanotonga Emir vanosarudza Mutungamiriri uye Prime Minister. Kune zvakare dare remakurukota ehurumende uye Federal National Council ine mazano ine dzimwe nhengo dzakasarudzwa.
Nekudaro, mitumbi iyi iripo pamwe chete neiyo nhoroondo yechokwadi uye yakasimba simba rekutonga kweDynastic. Vatungamiri venhaka vanoshandisa simba rekupedzisira rekuita sarudzo pazvinhu zvese zveutongi, kungave padanho renyika kana remunharaunda emirate.
Naizvozvo, tichiine zvimiro zvechimiro chemazuva ano, iyo UAE's system yese inotsanangurwa semubatanidzwa wemamongi manomwe akazara akabatana pasi pehurongwa hwemubatanidzwa huchiri kutungamirwa nevanozvitonga venhaka.
Yakagadzikana Sei Mamiriro Ezvematongerwo enyika muUAE?
Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika mukati meUnited Arab Emirates anoonekwa akanyanya kugadzikana uye chimiro chakatarisana. Nekutonga kwakasimba pasi pekutonga kwemhuri dzine simba dzinotonga, kune nzanga shoma yekukurudzira kana nzira dzekuchinja kunoshamisa kwezvematongerwo enyika kana kusagadzikana.
IUAE's absolute hereditary monarchies ane nzira dzakamisikidzwa dzekuteerana uye shanduko yesimba pakati pevakuru vanotonga. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuenderera kunyangwe maemer matsva nemachinda ekorona vachitora hutungamiriri pamusoro peemirates yega.
Padanho remubatanidzwa, maitiro ekusarudza Mutungamiriri neMutungamiriri weUAE kubva pakati pevanomwe emirs igungano rakasimbiswa. Shanduko dzehutungamiriri dzichangobva kuitika dzakaitika zvakanaka pasina kukanganisa kuenzana kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Pamusoro pezvo, budiriro yeUAE inokurudzirwa nehupfumi hwehydrocarbon yakabvumira hurumende kusimudzira kuvimbika nekupa mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye mabasa everuzhinji.
Chero manzwi evanopikisa anokurumidza kudzvinyirirwa, zvichidzivirira njodzi yekuwedzera kusagadzikana. Nekudaro, kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kweUAE kunotarisana nemhepo inogona kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita sekuda kwekuchinja, nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu uye kutonga ramangwana mushure memafuta. Asi mhirizhonga huru inoonekwa seisingagone kupihwa kusimba kwehurongwa hwehumambo nemidziyo yayo yekutonga nyika.
Pakazere, nekutonga kwakadzika midzi, kubatanidzwa kwekuita sarudzo, kugovera hupfumi hwesimba, uye nzira shoma dzekupokana, masimba ezvematongerwo enyika mukati meUAE chirongwa chemufananidzo wekutsungirira kugadzikana kweramangwana rinoonekwa.
Ndezvipi Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinokanganisa Hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika hweUAE nedzimwe Nyika?
Hukama hweUAE hwezvematongerwo enyika nenyika dzepasirese hunoumbwa nemusanganiswa wezvido zvehupfumi, kufunga nezvekuchengetedza, uye hunhu hwepamba hwehurumende. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera nyaya dzekunze zvinosanganisira:
- Energy Interests: Semutungamiri anotungamira kunze kwenyika oiri negasi, UAE inokoshesa hukama nevatengi vekunze muAsia vakaita seIndia, China neJapan pamwe nekuchengetedza misika yekutengesa kunze kwenyika nekudyara.
- Kukwikwidzana Kwematunhu: IUAE inoronga simba uye inofamba makwikwi ane masimba ematunhu akaita seIran, Turkey neQatar izvo zvakonzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuMiddle East.
- Strategic Security Partnerships: UAE yakakudziridza kudyidzana kwakakosha / kudyidzana nemauto nenyika dzakaita seUS, France, UK uye nguva pfupi yadarika Israel kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwayo.
- Foreign Investment uye Trade: Kuvaka hukama hunogona kukwezva mari yekunze, kudyara uye kuwana misika yepasirese zvinhu zvakakosha zvehupfumi kuhurumende yeUAE.
- Kurwisa Kunyanyisa: Kubatana nenyika mukurwisa hugandanga uye pfungwa dzehunyanyeri chinoramba chiri chinhu chakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika pakati pekusagadzikana kwedunhu.
- Hunhu uye Kodzero dzevanhu+
- Assertive Foreign Policy: Nehupfumi hwakakura uye kusimba kwedunhu, iyo UAE yakawedzera kufungidzira mutemo wekunze wekune dzimwe nyika uye kupindira kwekumira mune zvedunhu.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvinoita Sei Masekita Akasiyana-siyana eUAE Economy?
Mafambiro ezvematongerwo enyika eUAE nemitemo inobva kune vanotonga inobata zvakanyanya kushanda kwezvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi:
- Simba: Semutengesi mukuru wemafuta / gasi kunze kwenyika, mitemo yemubatanidzwa pamatanho ekugadzira, kudyara mari uye kudyidzana muchikamu ichi chehunyanzvi zvakakosha.
- Mari/Kubhengi: Kubuda kweDubai senzvimbo yezvemari yepasi rose yakafambiswa nemirairo yebhizinesi-inoshamwaridzika kubva kuvatongi vayo vane simba.
- Aviation/Tourism: Kubudirira kwendege dzakaita seEmirates uye indasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi inofambiswa nemitemo inovhura chikamu kune mari yekunze uye tarenda.
- Real Estate/Kuvaka: Makuru ekusimudzira maguta uye mapurojekiti ezvivakwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yenyika uye zvirongwa zvekukura zvakaiswa nemhuri dzinotonga dzeemirates seDubai neAbu Dhabi.
Ndichiri kupa mikana, kugadzirwa kwemitemo yepakati nekusajeka kushoma zvakare kunoisa pachena mabhizinesi kune njodzi dzinogona kuitika kubva kukuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika kunokanganisa nharaunda.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvinopesvedzera Sei Kushanda kweBhizinesi muUAE?
Mabhizinesi ari kushanda muUAE, angave epamba kana epasi rese, anofanirwa kufambisa mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ayo anobva mukutonga kwakasimba:
- Simba rakadzika: Mitemo mikuru uye sarudzo dzepamusoro-soro dzinotsamira pamhuri dzinotonga dzakagarwa nhaka dzine masimba makuru pamusoro penyaya dzehupfumi mumaemirates avo.
- Elite Relations: Kukudziridza hukama uye kubvunzana nemhuri dzine mukurumbira dzevatengesi dzakanyatsoenderana nevatongi kwakakosha mukufambisa zvido zvebhizinesi.
- Basa reMafemu Akabatana neHurumende: Kubwinya kwemasangano ane chekuita nehurumende anonakidzwa nezvakanakira kukwikwidza kunoda kuumba kudyidzana kwakanaka.
- Regulatory Kusava nechokwadi: Nemaitiro mashoma eruzhinji, shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika inokanganisa maindasitiri inogona kuitika neyambiro shoma zvichienderana nemirairo yezvematongerwo enyika.
- Rusununguko Rworuzhinji: Zvirambidzo pakutaura kwemahara, basa rakarongeka uye kuungana kweveruzhinji zvinokanganisa masimba epabasa uye sarudzo dzekukurudzira dzemabhizinesi.
- Mafemu Ekunze: Makambani epasi rese anofanirwa kufunga nezve njodzi dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kodzero dzevanhu dzine mukurumbira dzinobva mumitemo yedunhu reUAE.
