Bosholu ba khoebo ke seoa sa lefats'e se aparetseng indasteri e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe 'me se ama lik'hamphani le bareki lefatšeng ka bophara. Tlaleho ea 2021 ho Machaba ea Mokhatlo oa Bahlahlobi ba Bosholu ba Pakiloeng (ACFE) e fumane hore mekhatlo e lahleheloa ke 5% ea chelete ea eona ea selemo le selemo ka lebaka la merero ea bosholu . Ha likhoebo li ntse li tsoela pele ho kena inthaneteng, maqiti a macha a bosholu a kang bosholu ba phishing, bosholu ba invoice, ho hlatsoa chelete le bosholu ba CEO hona joale bo hlōlisana le bosholu ba khale joalo ka bosholu ba chelete le bosholu ba meputso.
Ka dibilione tse lahlehang selemo le selemo le ditlamorao tsa molao hammoho le tshenyo ya botumo, ha ho kgwebo e ka hlokomolohang taba ya bosholu. Re tla hlalosa bosholu ba kgwebo, re arole mefuta e meholo ya bosholu ka dithuto tsa dinyewe, re bontshe dipalopalo tse tshwenyang, mme re fane ka malebela a ditsebi bakeng sa thibelo le ho lemoha bosholu. Itlhomelle ka tlhahisoleseding ho matlafatsa mokgatlo wa hao kgahlanong le ditshoso tse tswang kahare le kantle.
Ho hlalosa Bomenemene ba Khoebo
ACFE e hlalosa bosholu ba mosebetsi ka kakaretso e le:
“Ho sebelisa mosebetsi oa hae molemong oa ho ithuisa ka ho sebelisa hampe ka boomo kapa ho utsoa thepa kapa thepa ea mohiri.”
Mehlala e kenyelletsa, empa ha e felle feela ho:
- Tjotjo
- Bomenemene ba meputso
- Sheba ho senyeha
- Chelete e kenang
- Li-invoice tsa barekisi ba fake
- Bosholu ba boitsebiso
- Ho qhekella tlaleho ea lichelete
- Bosholu ba thepa
- Phokotso ea chelete
- Bosholu ba data
Le hoja mabaka a hore na ke hobane'ng ha basebetsi le batho ba ka ntle ba etsa bomenemene ba khoebo a fapane, sepheo se lebisitse ho phaello e seng molaong ea lichelete e kopanya maemo 'ohle. Likhoebo li tlameha ho itebela khahlanong le likotsi tse fapaneng tsa bomenemene ho tsoa mahlakoreng 'ohle.
Litšokelo Tse Kholo
Leha liindasteri tse ling tse kang libanka le mmuso li hohela bosholu bo bongata, ACFE e fumane litšokelo tse holimo ho mekhatlo eohle ea mahlatsipa li kenyelletsa:
- Tšebeliso e mpe ea thepa (89% ea linyeoe): Basebetsi ba utsoa, ho kenya chelete ea k'hamphani ka pokothong kapa ho qhekella litlaleho tsa lichelete.
- Bobolu (38%): Batsamaisi le basebetsi ba nkang tjotjo ho tsoa mekhatlong e kantle e le phapanyetsano bakeng sa likonteraka, lintlha kapa lintlha tsa tlholisano.
- Bomenemene ba tlaleho ea lichelete (10%): Ho qhekella ha litlaleho tsa chelete, litlaleho tsa phaello kapa li-balance sheets ho bonahala ho na le phaello e ngata.
Bosholu ba marang-rang bo boetse bo hlahile e le mokhoa o mocha oa bomenemene, o nyolohang ka 79% ho tloha 2018 har'a mekhatlo ea mahlatsipa ho latela ACFE. Litlhaselo tsa bosholu, bosholu ba data le bomenemene ba marang-rang li bakile hoo e batlang e le nyeoe e le 'ngoe ho tse 1 tsa bomenemene.
Mefuta e Meholo ea Bomenemene ba Khoebo
Le ha maemo a ts'okelo a ntse a tsoela pele ho fetoha, mefuta e mengata ea bosholu e lula e hlasela lik'hamphani ho pholletsa le liindasteri. A re hlahlobeng litlhaloso tsa bona, tšebetso ea ka hare le mehlala ea sebele ea lefatše.
Bomenemene ba Lichelete
Bosholu ba diakhaonte bo bolela ho fetola ka boomo dipolelo tsa ditjhelete ho kenyeletsang dipolelo tse feteletseng tsa lekeno, mekitlane e patilweng kapa matlotlo a nyolohileng. Diphetoho tsena di thusa dikhamphani ho etsa bosholu ba di-securities , ho fumana dikadimo tsa banka, ho kgahla batsetedi kapa ho phahamisa ditheko tsa di-stock.
Khomishene ea Securities and Exchange (SEC) e ile ea qosa General Electric ka 2017 ka lebaka la litlolo tsa molao tse atileng tsa Accounting tse ileng tsa fella ka kotlo ea $50 milione. Ka ho pata mekitlane ea inshorense, GM e ile ea fosa meputso ka 2002 le 2003 ho bonahala e phetse hantle har'a mathata a lichelete.
Ho thibela bomenemene bo kotsi joalo, litsamaiso tsa ka hare joalo ka liboto tsa tlhahlobo ea kotara ea mafapha a mangata li ka netefatsa ho nepahala ha setatemente sa lichelete hammoho le liphuputso tsa kantle.
Bosholu ba Meputso
Bosholu ba meputso bo etsa hore basebetsi ba etse leshano ka lihora tse sebetsoang kapa meputso kapa ba etse hore e be basebetsi ba bohata ka ho feletseng 'me ba nke meputso ea bona ka pokothong . Tlhahlobo ea Lefapha la Tšireletso la US ea 2018 e fumane bosholu bo atileng ba meputso le tlhekefetso e akaretsang ea $100 milione e senyehang selemo le selemo.
Maqheka a ho loantša bosholu ba meputso a kenyeletsa:
- E hloka tumello ea mookameli bakeng sa liphetoho tsa meputso
- Ho hlophisa lifolakha le litsebiso ka har'a sistimi ea meputso bakeng sa likopo tse belaetsang
- Ho etsa liphuputso tsa meputso e makatsang
- Ho hlahloba mangolo a netefatso ea mosebetsi
- Tlhokomelo e reriloeng khahlano le litšenyehelo tsa 'nete tsa meputso
- Ho bapisa mesaeno ea basebetsi lipampiring ho bona bokhoni tekeno ea linyeoe tsa bofora
Invoice Fraud
Ka bosholu ba invoice, likhoebo li fumana li-invoice tsa bohata tse iketsang barekisi ba molao kapa tse bontšang chelete e ngata bakeng sa barekisi ba 'nete. Mafapha a liakhaonto a tšoeroeng a sa lebella a lefa likoloto tsa bolotsana ka phoso.
Naleli ea Shark Tank Barbara Corcoran o lahlehetsoe ke $388,000 ka lebaka la bolotsana bo joalo. Baqhekelli hangata ba kenya li-invoice tsa bohata tsa PDF har'a li-imeile tse ngata tsa 'nete tse sa hlokomeloeng.
Ho loantša bosholu ba li-invoice ho kenyelletsa:
- Ha u shebelletse liphetoho tsa invoice tsa motsotso oa ho qetela ho latela maemo kapa chelete
- Ho netefatsa lintlha tsa tefo ea barekisi ho fetoha ka kotloloho ka mehala
- Ho netefatsa lintlha le mafapha a kantle a okametseng barekisi ba itseng
Bosholu ba barekisi
Boqhekanyetsi ba barekisi bo fapane le bosholu ba li-invoice ha barekisi ba sebele ba amohetsoeng ba qhekella bareki ba bona ka boomo hang ha ba le kamanong ea khoebo. Maqheka a ka kenyelletsa ho tjhaja ho feta tekano, ho fapanyetsana ha sehlahisoa, ho lefisa ho feta tekano, dikontraka tsa dikonteraka le tlhahiso e fosahetseng ya tshebeletso.
Feme ea Nigeria ea Sade Telecoms e qhekelletse sekolo sa Dubai ho $408,000 ketsahalong e 'ngoe ea morao tjena ea bomenemene ea barekisi ka ho qhekella litefo tsa elektroniki.
Ho hlahloba barekisi le ho hlahloba nalane ea bona hammoho le ho beha leihlo litšebelisano tse tsoelang pele ke lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa ho loantša bosholu ba barekisi.
chelete dilondri
Ho hlatswa tjhelete ho thusa dikgwebo kapa batho ka bomong ho pata leruo le seng molaong ka ditransekshene tse rarahaneng le ho etsa hore 'tjhelete e ditshila' e bonahale e fumanwe ka molao. Banka ya Wachovia e tumme ka ho thusa ho hlatswa didolara tse dibilione tse 380 bakeng sa makgotla a dithethefatsi a Mexico pele diphuputso di e qobella ho lefa ditefiso tse boima tsa mmuso e le kotlo.
Software ea ho thibela ho hlatsuoa ha chelete (AML) , ho beha leihlo litšebelisano le liteko tsa Tseba Moreki oa Hao (KYC) kaofela li thusa ho lemoha le ho thibela ho hlatsuoa ha thepa. Melao ea mmuso e boetse e theha mananeo a AML e le a tlamang hore libanka le likhoebo tse ling li a latele.
Litlhaselo tsa Phishing
Phishing ke bosholu ba dijithale bo reretsweng ho utswa tlhahisoleseding e hlokolosi jwalo ka karete ya mokitlane le dintlha tsa Tshireletso ya Setjhaba kapa mangolo a ho kena bakeng sa diakhaonto tsa dikhamphani ka di-imeile kapa diwebsaete tsa bohata . Esita le dikhamphani tse tummeng jwalo ka moetsi wa ditoy Mattel di kile tsa shejwa.
Koetliso ea ts'ireletso ea inthanete e thusa basebetsi ho lemoha litšokelo tse mpe tsa phishing, ha litokiso tsa tekheniki tse kang netefatso ea lintlha tse ngata le li-filter tsa spam li eketsa tšireletso. Ho beha leihlo litlōlo tse ka bang teng tsa data ho ntse ho le bohlokoa hape kaha mangolo a tumello a utsoitsoeng a ka fihlella matlotlo a k'hamphani.
CEO Bomenemene
Bosholu ba CEO, bo boetseng bo bitsoa 'bosholu ba ho sekisetsa imeile ea khoebo', bo kenyelletsa linokoane tsa inthanete tse iketsang baetapele ba lik'hamphani joalo ka CEO kapa CFO ho romela basebetsi ba bona melaetsa ea imeile ba batla litefo tse potlakileng liakhaontong tsa bolotsana. Ho se ho lahlehetsoe chelete e fetang $26 bilione lefatšeng ka bophara ka lebaka la bosholu bo joalo.
Melao ea sebaka sa mosebetsi e hlakisang mekhoa ea ho lefa le tumello ea mafapha a mangata bakeng sa lichelete tse kholo e ka thibela bomenemene bona. Melao-motheo ea Cybersecurity joalo ka netefatso ea lengolo-tsoibila le eona e fokotsa likhokahano tsa maiketsetso.
Lipalo-palo Tse Mathata ka Bomenemene ba Khoebo
Lefatšeng ka bophara, mekhatlo e tloaelehileng e lahleheloa ke 5% ea chelete e kenang ka lebaka la bosholu selemo le selemo bo etsang litrillione tsa tahlehelo. Lipalopalo tse ling tse makatsang li kenyelletsa:
- Litsenyehelo tse tloaelehileng tsa morero o mong le o mong oa bomenemene li eme ho $ Limilione tse 1.5 ka tahlehelo
- 95% ea litsebi tsa bomenemene tseo ho entsoeng lipatlisiso ho tsona li re ho hloka taolo ea ka hare ho mpefatsa bomenemene khoebong
- The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) e fumane ho feta 75% ea linyeoe tsa bomenemene ba likhoebo tse ithutoang li ile tsa nka likhoeli kapa ho feta ho lemoha mefokolo ea thibelo
- Setsi sa Litletlebo tsa Botlokotsebe ba Marang-rang (IC3) se tlalehile $ Limilione tse likete 4.1 tahlehelo ea botlokotsebe bo amang likhoebo ka 2020
Lintlha tse joalo li totobatsa kamoo bosholu e lulang e le letheba le sa bonahaleng ho mekhatlo e mengata. Melao ea ka hare ea milquetoast mabapi le ho sireletsa lichelete le data e hloka ho nchafatsoa.
Keletso ea Setsebi ea ho Thibela Bomenemene ba Khoebo
Ka litlamorao tse mpe tsa lichelete le litlamorao tse tšoarellang tsa ts'epo ea bareki ha bosholu bo kena ka har'a k'hamphani, mekhoa ea thibelo e lokela ho sebetsa ka matla. Litsebi li khothaletsa:
- Kenya Litaolo tse Matla tsa ka Hare: Tlhokomelo ea mafapha a mangata bakeng sa lichelete hammoho le mekhoa ea ho fana ka tumello ea khoebo e nang le ts'ebetso e kenelletseng e laolang kotsi ea bomenemene. Etsa liphuputso tse tlamang khafetsa hape.
- Etsa tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea barekisi le basebetsi: Licheke tsa morao-rao li thusa ho qoba tšebelisano 'moho le barekisi ba bolotsana ha ba ntse ba senola lifolakha tse khubelu tsa basebetsi nakong ea ho hira.
- Fana ka Thuto ea Bomenemene: Ho lemoha bomenemene le koetliso ea ho latela melao ea selemo le selemo ho netefatsa hore basebetsi bohle ba lula ba nchafalitsoe ka maano le ho falimehela matšoao a temoso.
- Sheba Litšebetso ka Haufi: Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro li ka tšoaea liphoso ka bo eona ho data ea litefo kapa li-timesheet tse bontšang bomenemene. Litsebi li lokela ho hlahloba liketso tse tšoailoeng.
- Nchafatsa Cybersecurity: Encrypt le ho boloka data kamehla. Kenya ts'ireletso e khahlanong le phishing le malware haufi le li-firewall 'me u netefatse hore lisebelisoa li sebelisa li-password tse sireletsehileng tse thata.
- Theha Mohala oa Mololi: Malebela a sa tsejoeng le boemo bo tiileng ba ho hana boiphetetso bo khothaletsa basebetsi ho tlaleha lipelaelo tsa bomenemene hang hang pele ho tahlehelo e kholo.
Maikutlo a Setsebi mabapi le Ho Loantša Litšokelo tse Fetohang tsa Bomenemene
Ha masholu a ntse a ntlafala le ho feta 'me baqhekelli ba fumana mekhoa e mecha e thusoang ke mahlale joalo ka litefo tse seng li loketse ho sebelisoa hampe, lik'hamphani li tlameha ho ikamahanya le maemo a thibelo ha li ntse li latela bosholu bo hlahang li tlameha ho lula li nahanoa ka ho nts'etsapele maemo a bomenemene ka har'a mafapha a tsona ho lokisa mananeo a matla a ho thibela bosholu.
Lintlha tse ling tsa indasteri li kenyelletsa:
Libanka: “[Litsi tsa lichelete] li tlameha ho lula li lekola katleho ea litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa bosholu khahlanong le mefuta e mecha le e hlahellang ea litlhaselo.” – Shai Cohen, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Litharollo tsa Bosholu ho RSA
Inshorense: “Likotsi tse hlahellang tse kang di-cryptocurrencies le bosholu ba inthanete li hloka leano le tenyetsehang, le shebaneng le bosholu ba data ho rarolla khaello ea data ea bosholu ba nalane.” – Dennis Toomey, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Theknoloji ea Khahlanong le Bosholu ho BAE Systems
Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo: "Ho falla ha bosholu ho ea lipolaneteng tsa telehealth nakong ea seoa ho bolela hore [bafani le ba lefang] ba tla hloka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho netefatsong ea bakuli le taolong ea netefatso ea ketelo ea telehealth hona joale ho feta leha e le neng pele." - James Christiansen, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Thibelo ea Bosholu ho Optum
Mehato eo Likhoebo Tsohle li Lokelang ho e Nka Hang-hang
Ho sa tsotelehe bofokoli bo itseng ba bomenemene ba k'hamphani ea hau, ho latela mekhoa e metle ea ho thibela bomenemene ke mokhoa oa pele oa ts'ireletso:
- Etsa ka ntle kamehla liphuputso tsa lichelete
- kenya software ea tsamaiso ea khoebo ka ho latedisa tshebetso
- Etsa ka hloko ho hlahloba ka morao ho barekisi bohle
- Boloka litaba tse nchafalitsoeng leano la bomenemene ba basebetsi bukana e nang le mehlala e hlakileng ya boitshwaro bo bobe
- Hloka koetliso ea cybersecurity bakeng sa basebetsi bohle
- Kenya ts'ebetso e sa tsejoeng mohala oa mololi
- Netefatsa ka ho hlaka ditaolo tsa ka hare bakeng sa liqeto tsa lichelete hammoho le mafapha a mangata tlhokomelo bakeng sa ditransekshene tse kgolo
- Li-invoice tsa skrineng haholo pele ho tumello ea tefo
Hopola - bokhabane ba taolo ea likotsi bo arola likhoebo tse tsebang bomenemene ho tse qoelang botlokotsebeng ba lichelete. Thibelo e hlokolosi e boetse e jella lik'hamphani chelete e fokolang ho feta karabelo le ho hlaphoheloa ha ketsahalo ea ka mor'a bomenemene.
Qetello: Re Kopane, Re Arohanoa Re Oele
Mehleng ena eo ho eona linokoane tse bohareng ba lefatše li ka ntšang lichelete tsa lik'hamphani ka khutso kapa batsamaisi ba loto ba tlaleha litaba tsa lichelete ka bolotsana, litšokelo tsa bomenemene li atile ka mahlakoreng 'ohle. Mefuta e mecha ea mosebetsi e tsebisang basebetsi ba hole le bo-rakonteraka ba kantle ho sebaka sa marang-rang e ntse e pata pepeneneng.
Leha ho le joalo tšebelisano-'moho e emela sebetsa sa ho qetela sa ho loantša bomenemene. Ha lik'hamphani tse nang le mekhoa e metle li kenya letsoho taolong ea ka hare ha mekhatlo ea mmuso e ntse e eketsa kabo ea tlhahisoleseling le lipatlisiso tse kopaneng tsa bomenemene le balekane ba lefats'e, nako ea bosholu bo atileng ba khoebo e haufi le ho fela. Lithuso tsa mahlale tse kang bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le ho ithuta ka mochini ho bona lits'ebetso tse belaetsang tsa lichelete le tsona li thusa ho fokotsa bosholu pejana ho feta leha e le neng pele.
Leha ho le joalo, lik'hamphani li tlameha ho lula li falimehile mabapi le ho fetoha ha maqheka a bomenemene, ho koala sekheo ka har'a maano a ka hare le ho khothaletsa moetlo o tsepamisitseng maikutlo holima maemo ohle ho laola likotsi tsa bosholu ba mehleng ena. Ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho phehella, re ka hlola seoa sa bomenemene - khampani e le 'ngoe ka nako.
