UbuNdlobongela baseKhaya, uHlaselo kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwi-UAE

Yintoni ukuhlasela?

Uhlaselo lunokuchazwa “njengokusebenzisa isinyanzelo ngokungekho mthethweni emntwini womnye”. Olu hlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisenzo sobundlobongela kodwa alubandakanyi ukwenzakala. 

Ngaphantsi kwemithetho ye-UAE, ukunxibelelana ngokwasemzimbeni okanye izoyikiso zijongwa njengohlaselo, kwaye zonke iifom ziphantsi kwamanqaku ekhowudi yesohlwayo 333 ukuya kuma-343.

Zintathu iindidi zohlaselo ekufuneka uziqaphele xa uxoxa ngesi sihloko: ngabom, ngokungakhathali, kunye nokuzikhusela.

• Uhlaselo ngabom lwenzeka xa kukho injongo yokubangela ukwenzakala okuthile emntwini ngaphandle kwesizathu esisemthethweni okanye isizathu.
• Uhlaselo lokungakhathali lwenzeka xa umntu ebangela ukwenzakala komnye umntu ngokutyeshela ukhathalelo oluyimfuneko nolufanelekileyo oluya kusetyenziswe ngumntu onengqiqo.
• Ukuzikhusela kunokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuzikhusela xa umntu emangalelwa ngokubetha kwiimeko apho asebenzise amandla angaphezulu kunokuba ayimfuneko ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ukwenzakala okanye ilahleko.

Iindlela zoHlaselo

Ukubetha ngesixhobo esibulalayo: Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo okanye into enokusetyenziselwa ukwenzakalisa omnye umntu. Isohlwayo solu hlobo lohlaselo kukuvalelwa kunye nemfuneko enokwenzeka yokuhlawula imali yegazi phantsi komthetho wamaSilamsi.

• Uhlaselo ngenjongo yokubulala: Oku kwenzeka xa umntu ezama ukubulala omnye umntu, kodwa angaphumeleli kumzamo wabo. Kukwasebenza naxa izenzo zomntu zenza kube lula ukuba umntu afe ngenxa yezo zenzo. Olu hlobo lohlaselo luthwala isohlwayo sokuvalelwa entolongweni kwaye lunokubandakanya ukuhlawula imali yegazi phantsi komthetho wamaSilamsi.
• Uhlaselo olukhokelela ekufeni: Xa umntu ebangela ukufa komnye umntu ngenxa yohlaselo lwakhe, unokumangalelwa ngesi senzo sobubi esibandakanya ukuhlawulwa kwemali yegazi.
• Ibhetri eNcinciweyo: Oku kusebenza xa umntu ngabom ebangela umonzakalo omandundu komnye umntu, okanye ukuba umonzakalo wonzakeleyo okanye unokubangela ukufa.
• Uhlaselo ngebhetri: Oku kusebenza ukuba umntu ujonge ukwenzakalisa emzimbeni, kodwa hayi ngobungqongqo obufanayo nebhetri eyingozi.
• battery: Xa umntu ngabom enxibelelana nomnye umntu ngendlela eyingozi okanye ekhubekisayo ngaphandle kwemvume wohlwaywa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni kwaye kunokuquka ukuhlawula imali yegazi phantsi komthetho wamaSilamsi.
• Uhlaselo ngokwesondo kunye nebhetri: Uhlaselo ngokwesondo, olufana nebhetri, kukukhubekisa ngabom okanye ukubamba okuyingozi ngokwendalo ngokwesondo.
• Uhlaselo lwaseKhaya kunye nebhetri: Olu lwaphulo-mthetho lubandakanya ukoyikiswa ngamazwi kunye nokunyanzelwa ngokwasemzimbeni komnye umntu ukuba enze izenzo zesondo ngaphandle kwemvume.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela eDubai

Izohlwayo zohlaselo ziyohluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kubume bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ubunzulu betyala lolwaphulo-mthetho bujongwa ngumonakalo owenziweyo kwaye nokuba ubulungisiwe na. 

IDubai inomgaqo-nkqubo wokunganyamezeli nto ngokuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela kwiinzame zokufundisa abahlali ngempembelelo yabo kuluntu lwe-UAE. Ngoko ke, izohlwayo zezo lwaphulo-mthetho ziqatha kunezo zinikwa abo bahlasekileyo ngenxa yeengxabano zobuqu.

Ukongeza kuhlaselo, kukho intlaninge yezinye izenzo ezinokuthi zigqalwe njengolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukubulala - Ukubulala umntu
• Ubunqolobi – oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela kuRhulumente, ukufaka uloyiko ebantwini, nokuphembelela ubundlobongela kwabanye.
• Ukuxhwilwa - oku kusebenza kwakhona ukuba umntu uvalelwe ngobuxoki, kunye nokuxhwilwa komntu.
• Ukunyhasha inkululeko yomntu – oku kuquka ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwikhaya okanye kwinqwelo-mafutha yomntu nokumnyanzela ukuba ashiye iintsapho okanye ilizwe lakhe.
• Ukuqhekezwa - ukuqhekeza kwindawo yokuhlala ngenjongo yokuba abantu abahlala apho kuthathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela kunye nesigwebo esingqongqo sokuvalelwa entolongweni phantsi kwemithetho ekhoyo.
• Udlwengulo – olunokuthi luthathwe njengesenzo sobundlobongela ngenxa yobume babo bokunyanzela omnye umntu ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngaphandle kwentando yakhe. Isohlwayo sodlwengulo kukuvalelwa entolongweni kunye/okanye isohlwayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ixhoba belingumntu okhululekileyo okanye likhoboka na ngelo xesha.
• Ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi - eli tyala lithwala ixesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni elisisinyanzelo kwaye linokubandakanya intlawulo yesixa-mali esibalulekileyo nokuba kuhlobo lwesohlwayo okanye isohlwayo.

Kuze kube kutshanje, xa i-United Arab Emirates (UAE) yenza uthotho lweenguqu ezisemthethweni, indoda yayinokuthi 'iqeqeshe' inkosikazi nabantwana bayo ngaphandle kwemiphumo esemthethweni, ukuba nje kwakungekho zimpawu zomzimba. 

Ngaphandle kokugxekwa ngamaqela amazwe ngamazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu asekuhlaleni, i-UAE yenze amanyathelo aqhubela phambili kwindlela yayo yobundlobongela basekhaya, ngakumbi ngokupasiswa koMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko loSapho ngo-2019.

Lo Mgaqo-nkqubo uqwalasela ngokukodwa ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo njengezona nxalenye ziphambili zobundlobongela basekhaya. Yandisa inkcazo ukuquka nakuphi na ukwenzakala ngokwasengqondweni okubangelwa kukuhlaselwa okanye izoyikiso zelungu losapho ngokuchasene nelinye. Oku kukwandiswa okuphambili ngaphaya kokwenzakala ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngokusisiseko, iPolisi yahlulahlula ubundlobongela basekhaya ngokweendlela ezintandathu, kubandakanywa:

1. Ukuphathwa gadalala – ukwenza nakuphi na ukwenzakala emzimbeni okanye ukwenzakala nokuba akukho manqaku ashiyekileyo
2. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasengqondweni/ngokweemvakalelo – nasiphi na isenzo esibangela unxunguphalo ngokweemvakalelo kwixhoba
3. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngamazwi - Ukuthetha into embi okanye ebuhlungu komnye umntu
4. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngokwesondo – nasiphi na isenzo esiquka uhlaselo ngokwesondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwexhoba
5. Ukungakhathali - Ummangalelwa uye waphula loo mfanelo yasemthethweni ngokwenza okanye ngokusilela ukwenza ngendlela ethile.
6. Ukuxhatshazwa kwezoqoqosho okanye kwezemali – nasiphi na isenzo esenzelwe ukwenzakalisa ixhoba ngokulihlutha ilungelo okanye inkululeko yokulahla izinto zalo.

Ngelixa imithetho emitsha ingakhange igcinwe ekugxekeni, ngakumbi njengoko iboleka kakhulu kuMthetho weSharia yamaSilamsi, ilinyathelo eliya kwicala elifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yobundlobongela basekhaya, ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umyalelo wokuthintela ngokuchasene neqabane okanye isalamane esixhaphazayo. 

Ngaphambili, abaphuli-mthetho bobundlobongela basekhaya babekwazi ukufikelela kumaxhoba abo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, babeboyikisa kwaye bawoyikise nasemva kokuba begwetyiwe. Amatyala ezityholo zobuxoki inokuvela nakwizityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela, apho umtyholwa anokuthi afune ubumsulwa nezityholo ezigwenxa.

Isohlwayo kunye nesohlwayo soBundlobongela baseKhaya kwi-UAE

Ukongeza kwizohlwayo esele zikho, imithetho emitsha imisele izohlwayo ezithe ngqo kubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nabaphuli-mthetho abaxhaphaza ngokwesondo. NgokweNqaku lesi-9 (1) le-UAE's Federal Law No.10 of 2019 (Ukhuseleko kuBundlobongela baseKhaya), umaphuli-mthetho wobundlobongela basekhaya uya kuxhomekeka;

• isigwebo sokuvalelwa entolongweni ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kunye/okanye
• isohlwayo sokuya kuthi ga kwi-Dh5,000

Nabani na ofunyenwe enetyala lesibini uya kuhlawuliswa isohlwayo esiphindwe kabini. Ukongeza, nabani na owaphula okanye owaphula umyalelo wesithintelo uya kuba phantsi;

• iinyanga ezintathu entolongweni, kunye/okanye
• isohlwayo esiphakathi kweDh1000 kunye neDh10,000

Apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lubandakanya ugonyamelo, inkundla ikhululekile ukuba iphinde isohlwayo. Umthetho uvumela umtshutshisi, ngokuthanda kwakhe okanye ngokwesicelo sexhoba, ukuba akhuphe isithintelo seentsuku ezingama-30. 

Umyalelo unokwandiswa kabini, emva koko ixhoba kufuneka lifake isikhalazo kwinkundla yokwandiswa okongeziweyo. Ulwandiso lwesithathu lunokuhlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Umthetho uvumela ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuba ixhoba okanye umoni afake isikhalazo ngokuchasene nesithintelo emva kokukhutshwa kwayo.

Imiceli mngeni yokunika ingxelo ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwi-UAE

Ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo okunceda okanye ukulwa nobundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, kubandakanywa nokuba ngumtyikityi INgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yokupheliswa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo loCalucalulo olujoliswe kwabaseTyhini (CEDAW), i-UAE isenayo imigaqo ecacileyo malunga nokuxela ubundlobongela basekhaya, ngakumbi izehlo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amaxhoba azi indlela yokufaka isikhalazo seSexual Harassments ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo.

Nangona imithetho ye-UAE yohlwaya ngokuqatha abadlwenguli kunye nabaxhaphazi ngokwesondo, kukho umsantsa wokunika ingxelo kunye nophando kunye nomthetho obeka umthwalo onzima wobungqina kwixhoba. 

Ukongeza, umsantsa wokunika ingxelo kunye nophando ubeka abasetyhini emngciphekweni wokumangalelwa ngesondo esingekho mthethweni xa edlwengulwe okanye uxhatshazwe ngokwesondo.

I-UAE iqinisekisa uKhuseleko lwabasetyhini

Amaqela amalungelo oluntu atyhola amanye amalungiselelo kuMthetho weSharia 'wocalucalulo' kwabasetyhini, ethathela ingqalelo imithetho ye-UAE kubundlobongela basekhaya ineziseko zayo kwiSharia. 

Ngaphandle kobunzima kunye neempikiswano ezijikeleze imithetho yayo, i-UAE ithathe amanyathelo ancomekayo ekunciphiseni ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye namatyala okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. 

Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente we-UAE useninzi ekufuneka ekwenzile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasetyhini kunye namanye amaqela asemngciphekweni, kubandakanya nabantwana, malunga nobundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Qasha iGqwetha le-Emirati e-UAE (Dubai kunye ne-Abu Dhabi)

Siphatha zonke iimfuno zakho zomthetho ngokunxulumene nobundlobongela basekhaya e-UAE. Sineqela labacebisi bomthetho le awona magqwetha olwaphulo-mthetho eDubai ukuze akuncede ngemiba yakho yezomthetho, kubandakanya ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo e-UAE.

Ufuna ukuqesha igqwetha, nokuba imeko ithini na. Nokuba uyazikholelwa ukuba umsulwa, ukuqesha igqwetha eliqeqeshiweyo e-UAE kuya kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. 

Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqesha igqwetha elisebenza ngobundlobongela basekhaya kunye namatyala okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo rhoqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Fumana umntu ojongene neentlawulo ezifanayo kwaye ubavumele ukuba benze umsebenzi onzima.

Ukuba nengcali enamava ekumelayo kwenza umahluko enkundleni. Baya kuyazi indlela engcono yokukukhusela kwizityholo kwaye banokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo akho agciniwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yetyala. Kukho izinto ezininzi eziya kwisigwebo esiyimpumelelo, kwaye ubuchule bommeli okrelekrele bommeli bunokukunceda ukuba ufezekise oko kunokubonakala kungenakwenzeka.

Sinolwazi olubanzi ngomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko losapho we-UAE, umthetho we-UAE kubundlobongela basekhaya, kunye namalungelo abasetyhini nabantwana. Nxibelelana nathi namhlanje ukufumana iingcebiso zomthetho kunye nokubonisana malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwasekhaya phambi kokuba kube lixesha. 

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