Ukuqamba ibhekisela ebugebengwini bokukhohlisa idokhumenti, isiginesha, imali yemali, umsebenzi wobuciko, noma enye into ukuze akhohlise abanye. Kuyicala lobugebengu elibucayi elingaholela ezijezisweni ezingokomthetho ezibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okujulile kokuhlukile izinhlobo zomgunyathi, amasu ajwayelekile asetshenziswa yi abaqambi, izindlela zokuthola izinto ezingamanga, nezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa.
Yini iForgery?
Ukuqamba inqubo yokwenza, ukulungisa, noma ukulingisa izinto noma imibhalo ngenhloso yokukhohlisa. Kuhilela ukudala into engamanga ukuze uthole inzuzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza imali yomgunyathi, ukwenza imisebenzi yobuciko engelona iqiniso, ukwenza amasiginesha emaphepheni asemthethweni, ukushintsha amasheke ukuze kwebiwe imali, nokunye okukhohlisayo. imisebenzi.
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezivame ukuhlukanisa amakhophi kumakhophi noma izimpinda:
- Inhloso yokuqola noma ukukhohlisa - Ukukhohlisa kwenziwa ngenhloso embi kunokukhiqiza kabusha okusemthethweni.
- Ukumelwa okungamanga - Abaqambi bazothi umsebenzi wabo usemthethweni noma udalwe ngomunye umuntu.
- Ukuguqulwa kwevelu - Izinguquko zenziwa ukwandisa inani noma ukudala inzuzo ethile.
Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinto eziqondiswe ngu abaqambi zihlanganisa izinkontileka, amasheke, uhlobo lwemali, imibhalo kamazisi, ama-artifact omlando, imisebenzi yobuciko, okuqoqiwe, namarekhodi omsebenzi wezezimali.
Izinhlobo Zokukhohlisa
Kunenqwaba yamasu asetshenziselwa ukudala ama-forgeries kuye ngohlobo lwento eyenziwe amanga. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zomgunyathi zihlanganisa:
Idokhumenti Forgery
Lokhu kuhilela ukudala amadokhumenti omgunyathi noma ukushintsha ulwazi kumadokhumenti asemthethweni ngezinhloso zokukhwabanisa. Okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa:
- Omazisi – Amalayisense okushayela, amaphasipoti, amakhadi okuphepha komphakathi.
- Imibhalo yezezimali - Amasheke, ama-oda okukhokha, izicelo zemalimboleko.
- Amaphepha omthetho - Izinkontileka, izincwadi zefa, izenzo, amarekhodi abafundi.
Amasu ajwayelekile ahlanganisa umgunyathi, ukushintshwa kwekhasi, ukubeka umbhalo omusha phezu kwemibhalo yangempela, ukusula noma ukwengeza ulwazi, ukulandelela amasiginesha akweminye imibhalo.
I-Signature Forgery
Umgunyathi wesiginesha igxile kakhulu ekwenzeni amanga igama lothile elibhalwe ngesandla. Okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa:
- Uhlola - Ukushintsha inani, igama lomuntu okhokhelwayo, noma isiginesha yekhabethe lokuqamba.
- Imibhalo esemthethweni - Ukwenza amasiginesha kumafa, izinkontileka, amatayitela.
- Umsebenzi wobuciko - Ukwengeza amasiginesha mbumbulu ukukhulisa inani.
- Izinto zomlando - Ukuqamba amanga izinto ngezibalo ezidumile.
Abaqambi funda ukulingisa ngokucophelela izici ezifana nobujamo bezinhlamvu, isigqi sepeni, ukuhleleka kohlangothi kanye nokucindezela.
Umgunyathi
Umgunyathi kuhlanganisa ukwenza izifaniso zomgunyathi zezinto ezibalulekile ngenhloso yokuqola amabhizinisi nabathengi. Okuqondiwe kufaka phakathi:
- Currency - Iningi lomgunyathi - izikweletu ezingama- $ 100 e-US. Kufika ku-$70 million ukusatshalaliswa.
- Izimpahla zikanokusho - Izingubo zomklami, amawashi, ubucwebe buyakopishwa.
- Amakhadi esikweletu/edebhithi - Ingaphinda ngedatha eyebiwe.
- Amathikithi - Ukuhamba okungelona iqiniso, amathikithi omcimbi athengiswa ku-inthanethi.
Amaphrinta ayinkimbinkimbi nezici ezintsha zokuphepha zenza imigunyathi yesimanje ikholeke kakhulu.
I-Art Forgery
Umgunyathi wobuciko ibhekisela ekudaleni imisebenzi efana naleyo yamaciko adumile futhi ayidlulisele njengemidwebo yasekuqaleni noma ezibaziweyo. Izisusa zihlanganisa ukuvelela, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nenzuzo enkulu evela kubaqoqi bezobuciko abazimisele ukukhokha izizumbulu zemali yezingcezu ezingavamile, ezilahlekile.
Abaqambi anikele iminyaka ecwaninga ngezinto zokwakha, amasu nezitayela zamaciko. Abaningi banethalente elikhulu lobuciko ngokwabo, bafunda ngokucophelela amaphethini wokushaywa unhlangothi, amaphethini okudweba, amaphethini okupenda okudweba nokuphindaphinda ama-fake angakhohlisa ochwepheshe abaphezulu.
I-Digital Media Forgery
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze ukuthi imidiya yedijithali iqambe amanga okuhlanganisa izithombe, ividiyo, umsindo, amawebhusayithi nokunye. Ukunyuka kwe deepfakes ibonisa amasu anamandla aqhutshwa yi-AI okudala amavidiyo mbumbulu akholisayo abantu abazenzayo noma abasho izinto abangakaze bazenze.
Amanye amasu ajwayelekile ahlanganisa izithombe ze-photoshopping, ukukhohlisa iziqeshana zomsindo, amawebhusayithi e-spoofing, ukushintsha amadokhumenti askeniwe, noma ukwenza izithombe-skrini namalogo. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukunyundela, imininingwane engamanga, ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukweba imininingwane yakho kanye nemikhonyovu ye-inthanethi.
Amasu Okuthola Umgunyathi
Amasu amaningana e-forensic asetshenziswa abaphenyi namadokhumenti abahloli ukuthola ukuthi izinto ziyiqiniso noma ama-forgeries:
- Ukuhlaziywa kokubhala ngesandla - Ukuqhathanisa amafonti, ama-slants, amaphethini wokushaywa unhlangothi, ingcindezi nemikhuba yokusayina.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwephepha - Ukufunda ama-watermark, ama-logo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokuqondanisa kwe-fiber.
- Ukuqinisekisa kukayinki - Umbala wokuhlola, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukushuba okuhlanganisiwe.
- Ukucabanga - Imakroskopu, i-spectrometry, izivivinyo ze-ESDA kanye nesoftware yokuthwebula yekhompyutha.
Ukubhala ngesandla kanye nedokhumenti Ochwepheshe thola ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi ukuze uhlaziye ngokuhlelekile izici zokubhala nezici zokuphepha zemodemu. Banikeza imibiko enemininingwane ngezivivinyo zabo neziphetho eziphathelene nobuqiniso.
Ngemisebenzi yobuciko emikhulu ebiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane noma esebenza ngemvelaphi engabazekayo, abanikazi basebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwesayensi ukuze baqinisekise umsuka futhi bembule okungenzeka ama-forgeries. Ukuhlola ukuhlola izinto zokwakha, ukungcola kweminyaka yobudala kanye nezendlalelo ze-grime, izitembu zekhanvasi, ukuphola kwe-radioisotope kanye nengxenye ye-spectroscopy ye-infrared ehlola izingqimba eziningi zopende.
Sishayele manje ukuze uthole isikhathi esiphuthumayo ku- + 971506531334 + 971558018669
Imiphumela Yezomthetho
Ukulahlwa yicala ukukhwabanisa uphethe izijeziso ezinzima zobugebengu nezomphakathi ezinqunywe yimithetho yezwe nezici ezifana nobukhulu bokwephula kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali okwenzekile.
Imiphumela yomthetho evamile ihlanganisa:
- Izinhlawulo - Kufika ku-$250,000 kanye nembuyiselo yokulahlekelwa.
- Ukuhlola - Ukukhishwa okugadiwe izinyanga kuya eminyakeni.
- Ukuboshwa - Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10+ yokukhohlisa idokhumenti.
- kumangala - Isibopho somphakathi sokulimala noma ukulimala ngokwezimali.
Labo abatholakala benecala baphinde babhekane nomonakalo omkhulu kubantu kanye nasemsebenzini idumela, ukulinganiselwa ekufinyeleleni imali ebolekiwe, usizo lwezindlu, amalayisensi ochwepheshe, nenkinga yokuthola umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuvimbela Forgeries
Ukunciphisa izehlakalo zokukhwabanisa kudinga ukuvimbela okuphelele, okunezingqimba okugxile kulokhu:
Ukuvikela Amadokhumenti
- Gcina izinto ezibucayi ngokuphephile - izisefo, amabhokisi okukhiya, amadrayivu abethelwe.
- Khawulela ukufinyelela ngokomzimba/kwedijithali ngamahhovisi akhiyiwe, izinqubomgomo zephasiwedi.
- Sebenzisa amakhamera wokugada, ama-alamu, abasebenzi bezokuphepha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa
- I-Biometrics - ukuqashelwa kweminwe, ubuso kanye ne-iris.
- I-Blockchain – ileja esabalalisiwe yokuthengiselana ngedijithali.
- Amasiginesha edijithali – izihlonzi ezibethelwe eziqinisekisa ubuqiniso.
Imfundo yomsebenzisi
- Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuze babone ama-forgeries - bona amadokhumenti ashintshiwe, ama-watermark, izimpawu zokuqinisekisa.
- Khuthaza imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngokukhwabanisa echaza ubungozi nezinqubomgomo zokuvimbela.
Ukuqasha Ngokucophelela
- Hlola ngokucophelela abasebenzi ngaphambi kokunikeza idokhumenti noma ukufinyelela kwezezimali.
- Yenza amasheke angemuva kobugebengu, ukuhlola izikweletu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqashwa.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
- Ukuqamba kuhlanganisa ukudala ukulingisa okukhohlisayo kwezinto ezikhona ezaziswa ngobuqiniso bazo kanye nokushoda kwazo.
- Izinhlobo ezinkulu zifaka idokhumenti, isiginesha, izimpahla zomgunyathi, imidiya yedijithali kanye nobuciko ama-forgeries.
- Ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kudinga ukuvikela izinto ezibucayi, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa ukuze ubone inkohliso.
- Ukulahlwa yicala kuthwala izinhlawulo ezinkulu, ukuboshwa, amacala kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi.
Ukuqonda izinkomba, izindlela zokuhlonza, kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ubungozi kuzo zonke izizinda zomuntu siqu, zezinkampani, zomthetho, ezobuciko kanye nezezimali.
Sishayele manje ukuze uthole isikhathi esiphuthumayo ku- + 971506531334 + 971558018669
