Amaphutha we-10 ajwayelekile eMaritime Law e-UAE
Udinga Nini Ummeli Wasolwandle?
Izimangalo Zempahla Yezasolwandle E-UAE
Umkhakha webhizinisi lezasolwandle lase-UAE ungenye yezindawo ezivumele ukwehluka komnotho. Lokhu-ke kuholele ekukhuleni komnotho kwe-UAE. Kanjalo, ibhizinisi lasolwandle lase-UAE selisheshe laba yimboni enkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-UAE inenani lamachweba ayi-12 ngaphandle kwamachweba kawoyela. Futhi ngokwe-World Shipping Council, amachweba amabili e-UAE aphakathi kwe- amachweba esitsha angama-50 aphezulu, neDubai ku-10 ephezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-61% yemithwalo ebheke eMkhandlwini Wokubambisana weGulf ifika okokuqala ethekwini le-UAE. Lokhu kuqhubeka ukukhombisa ukuthi umkhakha webhizinisi lolwandle uchuma kanjani e-UAE.
Imboni ethekwini ekhulayo kungenzeka iholele ekukhuleni kwezindaba zomthetho eziphathelene nayo. Izindaba zomthetho ezinjengezingozi zasolwandle, izimangalo zasolwandle, ukulahleka kwempahla kungenzeka. Futhi ngazo zonke lezi zinkinga zomthetho, imithetho ehlukene isebenza njengeziqondiso ekuzixazululeni. Le mithetho yaziwa njengemithetho yasolwandle.
Ake siqale singene kulokho okushiwo umthetho wasolwandle ngaphambi kokubheka amaphutha ajwayelekile maqondana nemithetho yasolwandle.
Uyini Umthetho Wezasolwandle?
Umthetho wasolwandle, obizwa nangokuthi umthetho wamasosha, uyisigungu semithetho, izivumelwano nezivumelwano ezilawula izindaba zasolwandle ezizimele namanye amabhizinisi asolwandle afana nokuthumela noma amacala atholakala emanzini avulekile.
Emkhakheni wamazwe omhlaba, i-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) ibeke imithetho eminingana amasosha asolwandle kanye nabaqaphi basogwini bamazwe ahlukahlukene abangayisebenzisa. Amazwe asayine isivumelwano ne-IMO angayisebenzisa le mithetho emithethweni yawo yokubusa.
Ngokuvamile, imithetho yasolwandle eyenziwe ngemuva kwemithetho ye-IMO ilawula okulandelayo:
- Izimangalo zomshuwalense eziphathelene nemikhumbi nempahla
- Izinkinga zomphakathi ezibandakanya abanikazi bemikhumbi, abagibeli namatilosi
- I-Piracy
- Ukubhalisa nelayisense
- Izinqubo zokuhlola zemikhumbi
- Izinkontileka zokuthumela
- Umshuwalense wasolwandle
- Ukuthuthwa kwempahla nabagibeli
Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka ye-IMO ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingqungquthela ezikhona zasolwandle zomhlaba wonke zisesikhathini samanje. Baphinde bakwenze umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa izivumelwano ezintsha namanye amazwe lapho kunesidingo.
Kusukela namhlanje, izingqungquthela eziningi zilawula imikhakha ehlukene yezentengiselwano zasolwandle kanye nezokuthutha. Phakathi kwalezi zingqungquthela, i-IMO ibalule emithathu njengezingqungquthela zayo eziyinhloko. Le mihlangano yile:
- Umhlangano wezizwe uvikela impilo ngenkathi usolwandle
- Isivumelwano esivimbela ukungcola okuvela emikhunjini
- Umhlangano ophathelene nesici sokuqeqeshwa, ukunikezwa izitifiketi, nokugcinwa kwamatilosi
Ohulumeni bamazwe angamalungu enhlangano banesibopho sokwenza umhlangano onqunywe yi-IMO emazweni abo. Labohulumeni bayaqhubeka nokubeka izinhlawulo zokwephula imihlangano.
Imithetho ye-UAE yamukela izici eziningi zemihlangano yesimanje yezasolwandle yamazwe omhlaba. Le mithetho yasolwandle isebenza kuwo wonke ama-Emirates ase-UAE.
I-UAE inomthetho wasolwandle osuthuthuke kahle, unemithetho eminingi ekhona, ehluke kakhulu kunesifunda sonke. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ezinye izindawo zokungaqondakali emkhakheni, okungaholela ezingxabanweni ezithile, namaphutha ezinkontilekeni zasolwandle. Umthetho wasolwandle wase-UAE ungaphansi komthetho we-UAE Federal obhalwe kuNombolo 26 ka-1981. Lesi sigaba somthetho sichaza umthethonqubo oqondisa imisebenzi yokuthumela izinto e-UAE. Lo mthetho wachitshiyelwa ngonyaka we-1988 ukubheka izihloko ezahlukahlukene.
Izimangalo ze-UAE Maritime
Emithethweni yasolwandle ye-UAE, izimangalo zasolwandle zihlala ziyindawo yokubhekelwa. Ngaphansi komthetho wasolwandle, izehlakalo ezithile zingaholela kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zehlakalo zichaziwe emthethweni wezasolwandle wase-UAE.
Imithetho yasolwandle ingaba ubuchwepheshe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuxhumana nommeli wasolwandle lapho ehileleke engozini yomkhumbi. Lezi zingozi kungaba ukushayisana kwemikhumbi noma ukulimala komuntu ngenkathi usemkhunjini.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi umthetho wasolwandle wase-UAE usetha umkhawulo wesikhathi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimangalo. Lesi yisikhathi sesikhathi sezimangalo ezahlukahlukene e-UAE:
- Isimangalo esiphathelene nokulimala komuntu okubangelwa ukunganaki komnikazi wemikhumbi kufanele sifakwe kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu.
- Iphathi le-catheter lingafaka isimangalo kumnikazi wesikebhe ngokulimala kwempahla yabo. Kodwa-ke kumele bakwenze lokhu kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90.
- Ngokushayisana kwemikhumbi, umuntu kufanele afake isimangalo kungakapheli iminyaka emibili.
- Isikhathi esinqunyelwe isimangalo somshuwalense wasolwandle iminyaka emibili.
- Iminyaka emibili yezicelo eziphathelene nokufa noma ukuzilimaza komuntu.
- Umuntu kufanele afake isimangalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokubambezeleka kokulethwa kwempahla njengoba kuchaziwe kwinkontileka yesivumelwano phakathi komuntu nomnikazi womkhumbi.
Iningi lalezi zimangalo lincike kwinkontileka yesivumelwano phakathi komuntu nomnikazi wemikhumbi. Lokhu, ngezinga elikhulu, kuzonquma ukuthi lowo muntu angafaka yini isimangalo noma cha. Lesi ngesinye isizathu esenza ukuthi ummeli wezasolwandle abaluleke kunoma yikuphi ukusebenzisana kwe-admiralty.
Amaphutha Avamile Abasolwandle Abalimele Benza
Lapho ufaka isimangalo sokulimala komuntu okugcinwe emkhunjini, kunamaphutha athile ajwayelekile.
Zihlanganisa:
# 1. Kweqa isimangalo
Abanye abantu bayehluleka ukunikeza umbiko onembile wokuthi izingozi zenzeke kanjani. Kwesinye isikhathi benza ihaba izehlakalo eziholele ekulimaleni. Ukwenza lokhu kungaphazamisa isimangalo sesinxephezelo.
# 2. Ukuzethemba ngokweqile ukuthi ijaji noma ijaji lizobanikeza konke okubafanele
Kwesinye isikhathi ijaji noma ijaji kungenzeka lingakholakali ngokuphelele ngobufakazi obunikezwa ngumuntu ngamunye. Kungakho-ke kufanele uthole ummeli onguchwepheshe wasolwandle akusize ukulwela lokho okukufanele. Ummeli wamaphoyisa uzokusiza usho udaba lwakho ngendlela ekholisayo.
# 3. Ukuthemba umuntu ongafanele
Iningi lamatilosi olimele livame ukwethemba abanikazi bemikhumbi abaya kubo ukuthi bangafune iseluleko sezomthetho. Umnikazi wemikhumbi kungenzeka wathembisa ukukhokha inani elithile kulaba basolwandle abalimele njalo ngenyanga.
Ngaphambi kokwamukela amadili anjalo, kungcono ukuthola iseluleko sezomthetho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umnikazi kungenzeka ukuthi uphakamisa inani elingaphansi kwalokhu okulindelwe. Futhi uma bengekho, ababophekile ngokomthetho ukugcina isithembiso.
# 4. Ukusingatha isimangalo ngokwabo
Umuntu ongenabo ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo bezomthetho kufanele afune usizo lwezomthetho. Ukufaka isicelo ngaphandle kwekhono nesipiliyoni esidingekayo kungaholela emaphutheni ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungadala nesifaca ekutholeni isinxephezelo esifanele.
# 5. Ukungafaki isimangalo lapho kufanele
Kunezinhlaka zesikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokufaka izimangalo. INkantolo izokhipha noma yisiphi isimangalo esingafakwanga ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuxhumana nommeli wasolwandle ngokushesha ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo okukhulunywa ngaso.
# 6. Ukwehluleka ukufuna isinxephezelo
Lapho umuntu ebandakanyeka engozini yasolwandle, kungamalungelo abo ukufuna isinxephezelo. Ngakho-ke umuntu kufanele acele isinxephezelo maqondana nanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka umuntu abhekane nakho.
# 7. Ukwamukela ukukhokhelwa kancane
Lapho umuntu efaka isimangalo, inkampani yomshuwalense ingahle ifune ukubanukubeza ukuze yamukele lokho abakunikezayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokumelwa okufanele kwezomthetho, isu lenkampani yomshwalense lizohluleka. Ummeli wasolwandle uzozama kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yomshwalense inxephezela ngokwanele isisulu.
# 8. Ukucela okuningi kakhulu
Lapho ufaka isimangalo, umuntu kudingeka abhekane namaqiniso. Kufanele bafune isinxephezelo esifana nokulimala okwenziwe. Izikhathi eziningi, isinxephezelo inkampani yomshwalense esikunikezayo ukumboza izindleko zokwelashwa komuntu. Ummeli wasolwandle angakusiza ukubala umonakalo omfanele. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngeke ufune kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu.
# 9. Isayina imibhalo kusenesikhathi
Ngemuva kokulimala emkhunjini, umuntu angathola izivakashi ezivela enkampanini yomshuwalense zizama ukuthi zisayine isivumelwano. Umuntu kufanele ayeke ukusayina noma yisiphi isivumelwano ngaphandle kwezeluleko zomthetho ezivela kummeli wakhe wasolwandle.
# 10. Ukwamukela ukusolwa
Ngemuva kokulimala, umuntu kufanele agweme ukuvuma noma yiliphi iphutha, noma ngabe uzizwa sengathi unephutha. Into enhle ongayenza ukuxhumana nommeli wasolwandle bese ubachazela sonke isigameko.
Xhumana nommeli we-Expert UAE Maritime
I-United Arab Emirates ingelinye lamazwe ambalwa ku-GCC enohlelo lomthetho olubanzi nolwesimanje olusetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, i-UAE isenamaphutha amaningi emithethweni yayo yezasolwandle kanye nakuhlaka lwayo lonke lokulawulwa kwezasolwandle.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqasha ummeli we-UAE wasolwandle, udinga umuntu ojwayelene nomthetho wezasolwandle ongena nangaphandle. Imithetho yasolwandle ingaba ubuchwepheshe njengoba kunezinqubo eziningana nemihlahlandlela maqondana nemisebenzi yasolwandle. Le misebenzi ingafaka ukufaka isimangalo sasolwandle, ukusayina inkontileka, ukubhalisa umkhumbi, ukuqasha umkhumbi njll
Ama-Amal Khamis Advocates & Legal Consultants bahola abameleli bezomthetho bezolwandle e-UAE. Sihlinzeka ngezeluleko zezomthetho nosizo ezingxabanweni zasolwandle ezivela ezinkontilekeni zasolwandle, ukuthuthwa kwempahla, nokushaja. Amakhasimende ethu azinze e-UAE nakuyo yonke i-Middle East. Singakusiza ukuthi uwine icala lakho futhi uthole isinxephezelo esikufanele.
At Ama-Amal Khamis Advocates kanye Nabeluleki Bezomthetho, sinabameli abanolwazi oluningi nesipiliyoni emithethweni yasolwandle. Siwanaka kakhulu amaklayenti ethu futhi sizama ukusebenzisana nawo ukuvikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zawo. Xhumana nathi namuhla ukufuna usizo lwezomthetho maqondana nezindaba zasolwandle.
