Medical ukungaxilongwa kahle kwenzeka kaningi kunalokho abantu abakuqaphelayo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi bayizigidi ezingama-25 emhlabeni jikelele okungaqondakali kahle unyaka ngamunye. Nakuba kungezona zonke ukuxilongwa okungalungile amanani ukuze ukungaziphathi kahle, ukuxilonga okungalungile okubangelwa ubudedengu nokudala ukulimala kungase kube amacala okungalungile.

Izinto Ezidingekayo Ngesimangalo Sokuxilonga Okungalungile

Ukuletha ukuphila icala lokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelashwa ngoba ukungaxilongwa kahle, izici ezine ezibalulekile zezomthetho kufanele zifakazelwe:

1. Ubudlelwano Bodokotela Nesiguli

Kufanele kube khona ifayela le- ubuhlobo bodokotela nesiguli lokho kusungula a umsebenzi wokunakekela ngodokotela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubungaphansi kokunakekelwa kwalowo dokotela noma bekumele ube ngaphansi kokunakekela kwalowo dokotela ngesikhathi kwenzeka izinsolo zokuthi uxilongwe ngendlela engafanele.

2. Ukunganaki

Udokotela kumele enze budedengu, echezuka the izinga elamukelekile lokunakekela lokho bekufanele kuhlinzekwe. Ukumane ube nephutha mayelana nokuxilongwa akufani nokunganaki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

3. Umphumela Wokulimala

Kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi ukuxilongwa okungalungile kubangele ukulimala ngokuqondile, njengokulimala ngokomzimba, ukukhubazeka, inkokhelo elahlekile, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, noma ukuqhubeka kwesimo.

4. Ikhono Lokufaka Isimangalo Sokulimala

Kufanele ube nokulahlekelwa yimali okungabalwa okungafunwa ngokusemthethweni njenge Isinxephezelo.

"Ukuze kusungulwe ukungalungi kwezokwelapha, kufanele kube nomsebenzi owukweleta udokotela esigulini, ukwephulwa kwalowo msebenzi owenziwa udokotela, kanye nokulimala cishe okudalwe ukwephulwa komthetho kadokotela." - I-American Medical Association

Izinhlobo Zokuxilonga Ngokunganaki

Ukuxilonga okungalungile ingathatha amafomu ambalwa, kuye ngephutha elenziwe:

• Ukuxilongwa okungalungile - kutholakala isimo esingalungile
• Ukuxilongwa okuphuthelwe – udokotela uyehluleka ukubona ubukhona besimo
• Ukuxilongwa kubambezelekile - ukuxilongwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokunengqondo ngokwezokwelapha
• Ukuhluleka ukuhlonza izinkinga – izinkinga ezingekho ezihlobene nesimo esikhona

Ukweqa okubonakala kulula kungase kube nemiphumela eyinhlekelele esigulini. Ukubonisa kahle ukuthi udokotela ube budedengu kanjani kubalulekile.

Izimo Ezivame Ukungaqondakali Kakhulu

Izimo ezithile zithambekele kakhulu kuzo amaphutha okuxilonga. Okungaxilongwa kahle kakhulu kuhlanganisa:

• Cancer
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• imivimbo
• I-Appendicitis
• Diabetes

Izimpawu ezingacacile noma ze-atypical zivame ukwenza kube nzima lokhu kuxilongwa. Kodwa ukwehluleka ukuxilonga lezi zimo ngokushesha kuholela emiphumeleni ebuhlungu.

“Akuwona wonke amaphutha okuxilongwa angalungile. Amanye amaphutha ngeke agwemeke, ngisho nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungcono kakhulu.” - I-New England Journal of Medicine

Izizathu Ezingemuva Kwamaphutha Okuxilonga

Ziningana izici ezenza odokotela ukungazitholi kahle izimo futhi wenze amaphutha aholela ekwenzeni okubi okungaba khona:

• Ukuhlukana kokuxhumana - Izinkinga zokudlulisa noma ukuqoqa imininingwane yesiguli
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okunephutha - Imiphumela yokuhlolwa enganembile noma ehunyushwe kabi
• Isethulo sezimpawu ezingavamile - Izimpawu ezingacacile/ezingalindelekile zenza kube nzima ukuxilonga
• Ukungaqiniseki okukhona kokuxilonga - Ezinye izimo zinzima ngokwemvelo ukuzixilonga

Ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi lezi noma ezinye izici ziholele kanjani ekuxilongweni okungalungile kwakha isimangalo sokunganaki.

Imiphumela ye-Misdiagnoses

Ukuxilonga okungalungile kuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuqhubeka kwezimo zezempilo ezingalashwa, eziba zimbi
• Izinkinga zokwelashwa okungadingekile kanye nemiphumela emibi yemithi
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo - ukukhathazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukuthembela kodokotela
• Ukukhubazeka lapho ukugula kuba kubi kubangela ukulahlekelwa amakhono
• Ukufa okungalungile

Uma imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu, ikhombisa ngokusobala kakhulu umonakalo owenziwe. Umonakalo wezomnotho nokungewona owezomnotho ungafunwa ngokusekelwe kule miphumela.

Izinyathelo Okufanele Uzithathe Ngemva Kokuxilongwa Okungalungile Okusolwayo

Uma uthola ukuthi uyitholile i- ukuxilongwa okungalungile, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha:

• Thola amakhophi awo wonke amarekhodi ezokwelapha – Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi yikuphi ukuxilonga okutholile
• Xhumana nommeli wokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelashwa – Isiqondiso somthetho siyisihluthulelo kulezi zimo
• Bala futhi ubhale phansi konke ukulahlekelwa - I-akhawunti yezindleko zokwelashwa, iholo elilahlekile, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka

Isikhathi siwumongo, njengoba izimiso zemikhawulo zikhawulela amafasitela esikhathi sokufaka. Ummeli onolwazi uyasiza ngalezi zinyathelo.

"Uma ukholelwa ukuthi awuxilongwanga ngendlela efanele futhi walinyazwa, thintana nommeli onolwazi ngomthetho wokungalungi kwezokwelapha." - I-American Bar Association

Ukwakha Icala Eliqinile Lemisdiagnosis Malpractice

Ukwakha icala eliphoqayo kudinga ikhono lezomthetho kanye nobufakazi bezokwelapha. Amasu ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukusungula ubudedengu - Ubufakazi bochwepheshe bukhuluma ngezindinganiso ezifanele zokuxilongwa futhi uma zephulwa
• Ikhomba lapho iphutha lenzeke khona - Ukuhlonza isenzo esiqondile noma ukweqiwa okudale ukungaxilongwa kahle
• Ukunquma ukuthi ubani onesibopho – Udokotela onesibopho ngokuqondile? Ihlola ilebhu? Umkhiqizi wezisetshenziswa obangele imiphumela enephutha?

Ukufakazela ngempumelelo ukunganaki kanye nembangela ngale ndlela kungenza noma kuphule icala.

Ukuthola Umonakalo Emacaleni Okuxilongwa Okungalungile

Uma ubudedengu busungulwa ekuxilongweni okungalungile, umonakalo ongafunwa uhlanganisa:

Ukulimala Kwezomnotho

• Izindleko zokwelashwa
• Imali engenayo elahlekile
• Ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo yesikhathi esizayo

Ukulimala Okungekona Kwezomnotho

• Ubuhlungu bomzimba/ubuhlungu bengqondo
• Ukulahlekelwa ubungane
• Ukulahlekelwa injabulo yokuphila

Ukulimala kwesijeziso

• Iklonyeliswa uma ubudedengu bubudedengu noma bunzima kakhulu.

Bhala phansi konke ukulahlekelwa futhi usebenzise umeluleki wezomthetho ukuze ukwandise ukutholwa.

Isimo Sezinkinga Zemikhawulo

Izimiso zokulinganiselwa nquma izinsuku eziqinile zombuso zokufaka izicelo zokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelashwa. Lezi zisukela onyakeni ongu-1 (eKentucky) kuye eminyakeni eyi-6 (eMaine). Ukugcwalisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe kungasichitha isimangalo. Ukwenza ngokushesha kubalulekile.

“Ungalokothi uzibe ukuxilonga, ikakhulukazi uma ukholelwa ukuthi kukulimaze. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha kanye nezeluleko zezomthetho ngokushesha.” - Inhlangano YaseMelika Yokumela Iziguli

Isiphetho

Ukuxilonga okungalungile kwezokwelapha okwephula izinga lokunakekelwa futhi kuphumele ekulimaleni kwesiguli okungavinjelwa kudlulele endaweni yokunganaki kanye nokungalungile. Amaqembu ahluphekayo abekezelela ukulahlekelwa anezizathu ezingokomthetho zokuthatha isinyathelo.

Ngemikhawulo eqinile yokufaka izicelo, izici ezingokomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi okufanele zizulazule, kanye nobufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha obudingekayo, ukuphishekela amacala okuxilongwa kabi kudinga isiqondiso esinekhono. Ummeli owazi kahle umthetho wokungalungi kwezokwelapha ubalulekile ekukhuphuleni izinselele ezithembekile. Ikakhulukazi uma impilo yomuntu, ukuziphilisa kanye nobulungiswa kulenga.

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

• Akuwona wonke amaphutha okuxilonga afaneleka njengokungalungile
• Ukunganaki okubangela ukulimala kwesiguli ngokuqondile kusemqoka
• Ngokushesha thola amarekhodi ezokwelapha futhi uxhumane nomeluleki wezomthetho
• Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha basekela ubufakazi bokunganaki
• Umonakalo wezomnotho nokungewona owezomnotho ungafunwa
• Kusebenza imithetho eqinile yemikhawulo
• Usizo lwezomthetho olunolwazi lwelulekwa ngokuqinile

Azikho izimpendulo ezilula ezimweni zokungazinaki kahle. Kodwa ubungcweti bezomthetho obufanele ngasohlangothini lwakho bungenza umehluko ngokufuna ubulungiswa.