Ukukhwabanisa Kwemali noma i-Hawala e-UAE: Ayini Amafulegi Abomvu ku-AML?

Ukwehliswa kwemali noma iHawala e-UAE

Ukwehliswa kwemali noma uHawala e-UAE igama elijwayelekile elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ekutheni izephula-mthetho zifihla kanjani umthombo wemali. 

Imali ukudubula kanye namaphekula ngezimali zisongela ukuzinza kwezomnotho futhi zinikeze izimali zemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ngakho-ke okuphelele anti-money laundering (AML) imithethonqubo ibalulekile. I-United Arab Emirates (UAE) inemithetho eqinile ye-AML, futhi kubalulekile lokho amabhizinisi kanye nezikhungo zezezimali ezisebenza ezweni ziyaziqonda izinkomba zefulegi elibomvu ukuthola ukuthengiselana okusolisayo.

Kuyini Ukukhwabanisa Kwemali?

Ukuthulwa kwemali kubandakanya ukufihla umsuka ongekho emthethweni wezimali ezingekho emthethweni ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yezezimali eyinkimbinkimbi. Lolu hlelo luvumela izigebengu ukuthi zisebenzise imali “engcolile” yobugebengu ngokuyihambisa ngamabhizinisi asemthethweni. Kungaholela ekuqineni isijeziso sokuxhaphaza imali e-uae okuhlanganisa nezinhlawulo ezinkulu kanye nokuboshwa.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhwabanisa imali zifaka:

• Ukuhlela amadiphozithi emali ukugwema ukubika ama-threshold
• Ukusebenzisa izinkampani zamagobolondo noma ama-fronts ukuze kufihlwe ubunikazi
• I-Smurfing - ukwenza izinkokhelo ezincane eziningi ngokumelene neyodwa enkulu
• Ukuhweba ngemali ngokungemthetho ngama-invoyisi akhuphukile njll.

Ishiywe ingahloliwe, ukushushumbiswa kwemali kuthunaza umnotho futhi kwenze ubuphekula, ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, inkohlakalo, ukubalekela intela nobunye ubugebengu.

Imithetho ye-AML e-UAE

The I-UAE ibeka phambili ukulwa nobugebengu bezezimali. Imithethonqubo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

• Federal Law No. 20 ka-2018 ku-AML
• I-Central Bank Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism and Illegal Organisation's Regulation.
• ISinqumo seKhabhinethi esinguNombolo 38 sika-2014 esimayelana Nokulawulwa Kohlu Lwamaphekula
• Ezinye izinqumo ezisekelayo neziqondiso ezivela emigwaqweni elawulayo njenge I-Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) kanye nezinkonzo

Le mithetho ibeka izibopho mayelana nokukhuthala okufanele kwamakhasimende, ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi, ukubika okwenziwayo okusolisayo, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthobelana ezanele nokunye.

Ukwehluleka ukuthobela umthetho kuhlanganisa nezijeziso ezinzima okuhlanganisa izinhlawulo ezinkulu ezifika ku-AED 5 million ngisho nokuboshwa okungenzeka.

Ayini ama-Red Flags ku-AML?

Amafulegi abomvu abhekisela ezinkomba ezingajwayelekile ezibonisa umsebenzi okungenzeka ungekho emthethweni odinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Amafulegi abomvu e-AML ajwayelekile ahlobene:

Ukuziphatha Kwekhasimende Okusolisayo

• Imfihlo mayelana nobuwena noma ukungafuni ukunikeza ulwazi
• Ukungabaza ukunikeza imininingwane mayelana nemvelo nenjongo yebhizinisi
• Izinguquko ezivamile nezingachazeki ekuhlonzeni ulwazi
• Imizamo esolisayo yokugwema izimfuneko zokubika

Okwenziwayo Okunobungozi obukhulu

• Izinkokhelo ezinkulu zemali ngaphandle komsuka ocacile wezimali
• Okwenziwayo namabhizinisi asendaweni engcuphe kakhulu
• Izakhiwo zedili eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifihla ubunikazi obuzuzisayo
• Usayizi ongavamile noma imvamisa yephrofayela yekhasimende

Izimo Ezingajwayelekile

• Okwenziwayo akunayo incazelo ephusile/isizathu sezomnotho
• Ukungahambisani nemisebenzi evamile yekhasimende
• Ukungajwayelani nemininingwane yemisebenzi eyenziwe egameni lomuntu

Amafulegi Abomvu Kokuqukethwe kwe-UAE

I-UAE ibhekene ngqo izingozi zokukhwabanisa imali kusukela ekusabalaliseni imali ephezulu, ukuhweba ngegolide, ukuthengiselana kwezindlu njll. Amanye amafulegi abomvu abalulekile ahlanganisa:

Ukuthengiselana Ngemali

• Idiphozithi, ukushintshana noma ukuhoxiswa nge-AED 55,000
• Imisebenzi eminingi engaphansi komkhawulo ukugwema ukubika
• Ukuthengwa kwamathuluzi emali njengokuhlola abahambi ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuhamba
• Izinsolo zokubandakanyeka ku umgunyathi e-UAE

Ezezimali Zohwebo

• Amakhasimende abonisa ukukhathazeka okuncane mayelana nezinkokhelo, amakhomishini, imibhalo yokuhweba, njll.
• Ukubika okungamanga kwemininingwane yempahla nemizila yokuthunyelwa
• Umehluko omkhulu enanini yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa noma amanani

Ukuthengisa izindlu

• Ukuthengiswa kwemali yonke, ikakhulukazi ngokuthunyelwa ngezintambo kumabhange angaphandle
• Okwenziwayo nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni ubunikazi bazo obungakwazi ukuqinisekiswa
• Izintengo zokuthenga azihambisani nemibiko yokulinganisa
• Ukuthenga nokuthengisa ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwezinhlangano ezihlobene

Igolide/Ubucwebe

• Ukuthengwa kwezimali okuvamile kwezinto zenani eliphezulu zokudayiswa kabusha
• Ukungabaza ukunikeza ubufakazi bemvelaphi yezimali
• Ukuthenga/ukuthengisa ngaphandle kwemajini yenzuzo naphezu kwesimo somthengisi

Ukuguqulwa Kwenkampani

• Umuntu ovela ezweni elisengozini enkulu ofuna ukusungula inkampani yendawo ngokushesha
• Ukudideka noma ukungabaza ukuxoxa ngemininingwane yemisebenzi ehleliwe
• Izicelo zokusiza ukufihla izakhiwo zobunikazi

Izenzo Ekuphenduleni Amafulegi Abomvu

Amabhizinisi kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezifanele lapho ethola amafulege abomvu e-AML angaba khona:

Ukukhuthala Okufanele Okuthuthukisiwe (EDD)

Qoqa ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nekhasimende, umthombo wezimali, uhlobo lwemisebenzi njll. Ubufakazi obengeziwe be-ID bungagunyazwa naphezu kokwamukelwa kokuqala.

Ukubuyekezwa kweSikhulu Sokuthobela

Isikhulu sokuthobela i-AML senkampani kufanele sihlole ukufaneleka kwesimo futhi sinqume izenzo ezifanele.

Imibiko yokwenziwayo esolisayo (STRs)

Uma umsebenzi ubonakala usolisa naphezu kwe-EDD, thumela i-STR ku-FIU phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30. Ama-STR ayadingeka kungakhathaliseki inani lomsebenzi uma ukushushumbiswa kwemali kusolwa ngamabomu noma ngokuphusile. Kusebenza izinhlawulo zokungabikwa.

Izenzo Ezisekelwe Engozini

Izinyathelo ezifana nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe, umsebenzi okhawulelayo, noma ubudlelwano bokuphuma kungase kucatshangelwe kuye ngezimo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, ukuxwayisa ngezihloko eziphathelene nokufakwa kwama-STR akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha Okuqhubekayo

Ngamasu athuthukayo okushushumbisa imali kanye namaphekula, ukuqapha nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile.

Izinyathelo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukubuyekeza amasevisi/imikhiqizo emisha ngobungozi
• Ibuyekeza izigaba zengcuphe yekhasimende
• Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinhlelo zokuqapha umsebenzi osolisayo
• Ukuhlaziya okwenziwayo kuqhathaniswa namaphrofayili ekhasimende
• Ukuqhathanisa imisebenzi nontanga noma izisekelo zemboni
• Ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo kohlu lwezinhlawulo nama-PEP

Nika amandla ukuhlonza amafulegi abomvu ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga ziphindaphindeke.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda izinkomba zomsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ongaba khona kubalulekile Ukuhambisana ne-AML e-UAE. Amafulegi abomvu ahlobene nokuziphatha kwekhasimende okungajwayelekile, amaphethini okwenza izinto asolisayo, osayizi bokwenziwe abangahambisani namazinga emali engenayo, nezinye izimpawu ezibalwe lapha kufanele zigunyaze uphenyo olwengeziwe.

Nakuba izimo ezithile zinquma izenzo ezifanele, ukuhoxisa ukukhathazeka kungase kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yezezimali nesithunzi, imithetho eqinile ye-AML ye-UAE ibeka isibopho somphakathi kanye nobugebengu ngokungathobeli.

Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzise izilawuli ezanele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ukuze babone futhi baphendule ngokufanele Ezinkomba Zefulegi Elibomvu ku-AML.