Umthetho wobugebengu e-Dubai noma e-UAE igatsha lomthetho elihlanganisa wonke amacala namacala enziwe umuntu ngokumelene nezwe. Inhloso yawo ukubeka ngokucacile umngcele walokho okubhekwa njengokungamukeleki kuhulumeni nasemphakathini.
Lokhu kuchazwa kahle njengomthetho obeka eceleni ukuziphatha okuvunyelwe nokubekezeleleka kulokho okusabisayo, okufaka engozini, nokulimaza abantu. Umthetho wobugebengu e-UAE nawo ugcizelela izijeziso owoniwe okufanele abhekane nazo.
Umthetho Wezobugebengu e-UAE
Umthetho wobugebengu wase-United Arab Emirates (UAE) wakhiwe kakhulu emva komthetho we-Sharia, okuyikhodi yokuziphatha kanye nomthetho wenkolo yamaSulumane. Umthetho we-Sharia uphathelene nezindaba ezinjengotshwala, ukugembula, ubulili, amakhodi okugqoka, ubugebengu, umshado, nezinye izindaba.
Izinkantolo zase-Dubai zisebenzisa umthetho we-Sharia kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe noma inkolo yamaqembu angaphambi kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iNkantolo yase-Dubai ivuma futhi isebenzisa umthetho we-Sharia kubantu bangaphandle noma abangewona amaSulumane abephula imithetho yase-Dubai.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kubahlali bezwe, abantu bendawo, abakwamanye amazwe kanye nezivakashi, ukwazi imithetho neziqondiso eziyisisekelo. Ulwazi olufanele lomthetho wobugebengu luqinisekisa ukuthi ngokungazi awephuli umthetho noma iziqondiso futhi ubhekane nemiphumela. Ukungazi ngomthetho akukaze kube izaba phambi kweziNkantolo.
Imithetho yobugebengu ku Dubai agcina imvelo yize iningi labantu lingabokufika. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukuthi izivakashi zigwetshwe eDubai ngezenzo amanye amazwe azibheka zingenabungozi futhi zisemthethweni.
Amacala Obugebengu Asingathwa Ngokushushiswa Komphakathi
E-UAE, amacala obugebengu asingathwa umnyango wezokushushiswa komphakathi. Le minyango ibhekene nokushushisa amacala obugebengu kubantu noma izinkampani ezike zasolwa ngokusebenza ngokungemthetho.
E-UAE, amacala amaningi obugebengu asingathwa Ukushushiswa Komphakathi (PP), okuyisikhulu sikahulumeni esibhekele ukushushisa ubugebengu. I-PP iyisiphathimandla esingahluleli futhi isebenza ngokubambisana nezinkantolo, izikhungo zomthetho, nezinye iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukuze iphenye, ishushise, futhi ekugcineni igwebe abasolwa ngobugebengu.
Uma umsolwa eseboshiwe, u-PP uzoqoqa ubufakazi, okuhlanganisa izitatimende zofakazi, imibiko yophenyo, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imibhalo efanele, futhi uzokwethula lobu bufakazi enkantolo uma kuqulwa icala.
Uma umsolwa etholakala enecala, u-PP uyobe esefuna isijeziso esifanele enkantolo, njengenhlawulo noma ukuboshwa.
Iqhaza Lokushushiswa Komphakathi emacaleni obugebengu lihlanganisa izibopho eziningi, njengokubuyekeza imibiko yamaphoyisa ukuze anqume amacala, ukumela umbuso ngesikhathi sokuvela enkantolo kokuqala, ukulungiselela amacala ukuze aqulwe, kanye nokuxoxisana ngezivumelwano zokuqulwa kwecala.
Baphinde babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, bethule udaba lombuso ekuqulweni kwecala, futhi batuse izigwebo ngemva kwesinqumo secala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavikela isinqumo sokuqala uma kunezikhalazo futhi babambe iqhaza ezinqubeni zangemuva kokulahlwa yicala njengokulalelwa kwe-parole. Umgomo wabo omkhulu uwukusekela ukuphepha komphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubulungiswa buyenziwa, nokugcina umthetho.
Buyini Ubugebengu e-UAE?
Ubugebengu e-UAE yisenzo esingekho emthethweni esiphula umthetho owodwa noma eminingi noma izimiso zezwe. Amacala angasukela emacaleni amancane njengokulahla udoti kuye emacaleni abucayi njengokubulala nokushushumbisa.
Ubukhulu bobugebengu nesijeziso ngokuvamile kuncike ohlotsheni lobugebengu obenziwe, izimo ezibuzungezile, kanye nenhloso noma isimo sengqondo somuntu owenza ubugebengu.
Imithetho ye-UAE ivimbela izenzo ezithile nokuziphatha, futhi noma ubani owephula le mithetho angabhekana nokushushiswa kobugebengu kanye nezijeziso. Kwezinye izimo, isijeziso sobugebengu singaba ngisho nesigwebo sokufa (isigwebo sentambo).
Izinhlobo Zobugebengu e-UAE
Ubugebengu e-UAE bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
Amacala Omuntu Siqu: Lawa amacala aholela ekulimazeni ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo komunye umuntu. Izibonelo zifaka ukushaya, ukugebenga, ukubulala, ukudlwengula, nokuthumba.
Property Crimes: Lawa macala abandakanya ukugxambukela kwempahla yomunye. Nakuba zingase zibandakanye ukulimaza komunye umuntu, ngokuyinhloko zingamacala ahlanganisa ukuphazanyiswa kwamalungelo omhlaba wabanye. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukweba, ukugqekeza, ukushiswa kwempahla, kanye nokukhwabanisa.
Inchoate Crimes: Lawa amacala aqalwa kodwa awaqedwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuzama ukugebenga noma ukucela ubugebengu. Akudingekile ukuthi ubugebengu buqedwe ukuze umlingisi atholakale enecala.
Amacala Asemthethweni: Amacala achazwe ngomthetho, noma imithetho ephasiswe indikimba yomthetho. Izikhathi eziningi lobu bugebengu “obumhlophe”, obufana nokukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisela, obubandakanya ubuqili futhi ngokuvamile enziwa ochwepheshe.
Amacala Ezezimali: Lobu bugebengu buvamise ukwenziwa ngochwepheshe ezindaweni zamabhizinisi, okubandakanya ukukhohlisa, ngenhloso yokuthola inzuzo engalungile noma engekho emthethweni. Izibonelo zifaka ukukhwabanisa, ukufumbathisa, ukuhweba ngaphakathi, ukukhwabanisela, ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha, ukwebiwa komazisi, kanye nomgunyathi.
Amacala aphikisana nobulungiswa: Lawa amacala abhekene nohlelo lwezobulungiswa ngokwalo, njengokuqamba amanga, ukuvimbela ubulungisa, ukufumbathisa ufakazi, noma ukweqa ejele.
Ubugebengu obuhleliwe: Lawa amacala enziwe amaqembu ahleliwe ngokuvamile ahilela ukuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla ezingekho emthethweni noma amasevisi kwabanye. Izibonelo ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, ukugembula okungekho emthethweni, kanye nokushushumbiswa.
Ngasinye salezi zigaba singahlukaniswa sibe izigaba ezincane, futhi zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa ubugebengu, kodwa lezi zinikeza umbono ojwayelekile wezinhlobo zobugebengu ezikhona.
Ukuchaza Ubugebengu ngokwesigaba sabo
Ukuhlukanisa ubugebengu e-UAE kungancika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene kanye negunya lapho ubugebengu benzeke khona. Kodwa-ke, nazi izinto ezijwayelekile ezivame ukucatshangelwa lapho kuhlukaniswa ubugebengu:
Uhlobo Lobugebengu: Lokhu kubhekisela ohlotsheni lwesenzo esathathwa futhi sasimelene nobani noma yini. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisici sokuqala esisetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ubugebengu ngokwezigaba, isibonelo, noma ngabe ubugebengu bomuntu siqu, ubugebengu bezakhiwo, ubugebengu bezezimali, njll.
Ukuqina koBugebengu: Ubugebengu buvamise ukuhlukaniswa njengezephula umthetho, izenzo ezingalungile, noma amacala asekelwe ebucayini bawo. Iziphambeko ziwukwephula okuncane, izenzo ezingalungile zimbi kakhulu, futhi amacala awuhlobo olubi kakhulu lobugebengu.
Inhloso: Inhloso noma umqondo womenzi wobugebengu ngesikhathi sobugebengu nakho kungaba yimbangela yokuthi ubugebengu buhlukaniswa kanjani. Amacala ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekutheni enziwe ngenhloso (isb., ukubulala ngamabomu) noma ngaphandle kwenhloso (isb., ukubulala ngobudedengu).
Idigri Yokuqeda: Ezinye izindawo zibeka amacala ngokwezigaba ngokuya ngokuthi aqedwa noma azama nje.
Ukubandakanyeka Kobudlova: Ukuthi ubugebengu bunodlame noma abunabo udlame nakho kungaba yisici esibalulekile. Ubugebengu obunobudlova ngokuvamile bubhekwa njengento embi kakhulu futhi bashushiswa kakhulu.
Umthelela Kuzisulu: Obunye ubugebengu buhlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kumthelela wabo kuzisulu. Isibonelo, ubugebengu bungahlukaniswa bube yilabo obubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba, ukulimala ngokomzwelo, ukulimala kwezezimali, njll.
Izincazelo Zezomthetho: Indawo ngayinye ingase ibe nezincazelo zayo zomthetho kanye nezigaba zobugebengu. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kobugebengu ngakho-ke kungancika emithethweni yezwe, yezwe, noma indawo lapho ubugebengu benziwa khona.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zobugebengu kungahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zomthetho.
Izibonelo Zobugebengu
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zobugebengu, ahlukaniswe ngokwezinhlobo zabo:
- Amacala Omuntu Siqu:
- Ukuhlasela: Ukuhlasela omunye umuntu ngokomzimba.
- Ukugebenga: Ukweba okubandakanya udlame noma usongo lodlame.
- Ukubulala: Ukubulala omunye umuntu ngokungemthetho.
- Ukudlwengula: Ukuya ocansini ngaphandle kwemvumelwano.
- Ubugebengu Bezakhiwo:
- Ukweba: Ukuthatha impahla yomunye ngaphandle kwemvume.
- Ukugqekeza: Ukungena ngokungemthetho esakhiweni ngenhloso yokwenza ubugebengu, ngokuvamile ukweba.
- Ukushiswa kwempahla: Ukushisa impahla ngamabomu.
- Ukucekela phansi impahla: Ukucekela phansi impahla ngamabomu.
- I-Inchoate Crimes:
- Ukuzama ukugebenga: Imizamo yokubamba inkunzi engaqedwanga.
- Ukucela ukubulala: Ukuzama ukunxenxa noma ukuqasha umuntu ukuthi abulale.
- Amacala Asemthethweni:
- Ukukhwabanisa: Inkohliso ehloselwe ukuholela ekuzuzeni imali.
- Ukugwema ukukhokha intela: Ukwehluleka ngamabomu ukukhokha izintela ezikweletwayo.
- Ukuhweba kwangaphakathi: Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwezitoko zenkampani noma ezinye izibambiso ngabantu abafinyelela olwazini olungelona olomphakathi.
- Amacala Ezezimali:
- Ukufumbathisa: Ukunikela, ukunikeza, ukwamukela, noma ukucela okuthile okuyigugu njengendlela yokuthonya izenzo zomuntu osesikhundleni sokuphatha.
- Ukuxhashazwa: Ukusetshenziswa kabi noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali ezibekwe ku-trust yomuntu.
- Ukwebiwa komazisi: Ukuthola ngokukhwabanisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu lomunye umuntu.
- Amacala Amelene Nobulungiswa:
- Ukuqamba amanga: Ukuqamba amanga ngaphansi kwesifungo ngesikhathi kuqhubeka icala.
- Ukuvimbela ubulungisa: Izenzo eziphazamisa inqubo yokwahlulela.
- Ukweqa ejele: Ukuphuma ejele noma ejele ngaphandle kwemvume.
- Ubugebengu obuhleliwe:
- Ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni, ukuthengisa, noma ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa.
- Ukugembula okungekho emthethweni: Ukunikeza noma ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yokugembula engekho emthethweni.
- Ukushushumbisa: Ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla noma abantu ngokungekho emthethweni.
Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje hhayi uhlu oluphelele. Imininingwane yobugebengu obunye ingahluka ngokuya ngendawo kanye nemithetho yendawo.
Ungabika kanjani ubugebengu e-Dubai noma e-UAE
Zinjani Izinyathelo Zobugebengu E-Dubai?
Inqubo yokuqulwa kwamacala e-Dubai ingaba nzima, ikakhulukazi kwabakwamanye amazwe. Isizathu salokhu umgoqo wolimi. Esinye isizathu ukuthi i-Dubai ithola eminye yemithetho yobugebengu ku-Islamic Sharia Law.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma ngubani owephula imithetho yezwe ungaphansi kohlelo lwalo lokwahlulela, ongaphandle noma cha. Uhulumeni wasekhaya womuntu wangaphandle noma inxusa alikwazi ukubavikela emiphumeleni yezenzo zabo. Futhi ngeke bathathe indawo izinqumo zeziphathimandla zendawo noma bafunele izakhamuzi zabo ukuphathwa okukhethekile.
Kodwa-ke, bazokwenza imizamo yokubona ukuthi izakhamizi zabo azibandlululwa, zenqatshelwa ubulungiswa, noma zijeziswe ngokweqile.
Ungaqala Kanjani Izenzo Zobugebengu E-Dubai?
Uma uke waba yisisulu sobugebengu e-Dubai, isinyathelo sokuqala okufanele usithathe ngemva kobugebengu ukufaka isikhalazo sobugebengu ngokumelene nomoni emaphoyiseni. Esikhalazweni sobugebengu, kufanele ulandise ukulandelana kwezehlakalo ngokusemthethweni (ngokubhala) noma ngomlomo (amaphoyisa azorekhoda isitatimende sakho somlomo ngesi-Arabhu). Kufanele usayine isitatimende ngaleso sikhathi.
Qaphela, kufanele ufake isikhalazo sobugebengu esiteshini samaphoyisa endaweni lapho kwenzeke khona ubugebengu.
Ziqhubeka Kanjani Ukuqulwa Kwamacala?
Ngemuva kokuthi ummangali enze isitatimende sakhe, amaphoyisa axhumana nommangalelwa bese ethatha isitatimende sakhe. Lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yophenyo lobugebengu.
Phakathi nalolu hlelo, ummangalelwa angazisa amaphoyisa ngabantu abangaba ofakazi abangafakaza ngokuvuna bona. Amaphoyisa angase abize labo fakazi futhi abhale izitatimende zabo.
Amaphoyisa abe esedlulisela isikhalazo eminyangweni efanele (njengomnyango wezobugebengu obenziwa ngogesi kanye nomnyango wezokwelapha we-forensic) obhekele ukubuyekeza izikhalazo.
Uma amaphoyisa esezithathe zonke izitatimende ezifanele, abe esedlulisela isimangalo kushushiso lomphakathi.
Ukushushiswa komphakathi yisiphathimandla sokwahlulela esinamandla okudlulisela amacala enkantolo yobugebengu.
Uma udaba selufike kumshushisi womphakathi, umshushisi uzobiza ummangali nommangalelwa ngokwehlukana ukuze bazoxoxwa. Womabili amaqembu angaba nethuba lokuletha ofakazi abazofakaza ngabo ngaphambi komshushisi.
Umabhalane osiza umshushisi uqopha izitatimende zamaqembu ngesi-Arabhu. Futhi amaqembu kufanele asayine izitatimende zawo.
Uma umshushisi ethatha isinqumo sokuthatha leli cala, bazobiza ummangalelwa ukuthi avele ngaphambi kwenkantolo efanele yezobugebengu. Umshushisi unikeza inkantolo imininingwane yecala (amacala) umsolwa abekwe lona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umshushisi ezwa ukuthi asikho isizathu sokuqhubeka necala, bayaligcina.
Yiziphi Izijeziso Ongazilindela?
Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi ummangalelwa unecala, inkantolo iletha izinhlawulo ngokomthetho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukufa (isijeziso sokufa)
- Ukudilikelwa ijele (iminyaka eyi-15 nangaphezulu)
- Ukuboshwa okwesikhashana (iminyaka emi-3 kuye kwengu-15)
- Ukuvalelwa (iminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwengu-3)
- Ukuboshwa (inyanga eyodwa kuya onyakeni owodwa)
- Ukushaywa (kuze kube yimivimbo engu-200)
Umuntu olahlwe yicala unezinsuku eziyi-15 zokuphikisa isinqumo esinecala. Uma bekhetha ukudlulisa icala, basazogcinwa esitokisini kuze kube kulalelwa inkantolo yokulalelwa kwesikhalazo.
Kwesinye isinqumo esinecala, umenzi wobubi naye angadlulisa inkantolo ngesinqumo sokudlulisa icala. Lesi sicelo sidluliselwe enkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke. Okwamanje, ummeli kommangalelwa kumele akhombise ukuthi enye yezinkantolo eziphansi yenze iphutha ngesikhathi isebenzisa umthetho.
Inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ingashintsha imigomo yejele ngamacala amancane ibe yinkonzo yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, icala elincane elalijeziswa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma inhlawulo lingathathelwa indawo inkonzo yomphakathi yezinyanga ezintathu.
Inkantolo ingaphinde ikhiphe umyalelo wokuthi isikhathi senkonzo yomphakathi siguqulwe sibe yisikhathi sejele. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka uma umshushisi womphakathi ebika ukuthi owonile wehlulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi somsebenzi womphakathi.
Isijeziso samacala omthetho wamaSulumane sisekelwe kumthetho we-Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia). Kukhona isijeziso esibizwa qisa, futhi ikhona diya. I-Qisas isho ukujeziswa okulinganayo. Isibonelo, iso ngeso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-diyya iyinkokhelo eyinxephezelo yokufa kwesisulu, esaziwa ngokuthi “imali yegazi.”
Izinkantolo zizokhipha isigwebo sentambo lapho ubugebengu bubeka engcupheni ukuphepha komphakathi. Nokho, inkantolo ayivamile ukukhipha isigwebo sentambo. Ngaphambi kokuba benze lokho, ithimba lamajaji amathathu kufanele livumelane ngakho. Nalapho, isigwebo sentambo angeke sikhishwe kuze kube uMongameli uyasiqinisekisa.
Ngaphansi komthetho wamaSulumane eDubai, uma inkantolo ithola ummangalelwa enecala lokubulala, umndeni womuntu ohlukunyeziwe kuphela ongacela isigwebo sentambo. Bavunyelwe futhi ukuyekelela lelo lungelo nokufuna diya. Ngisho noMengameli akakwazi ukugxambukela esimweni esinjalo.
Ummeli wasendaweni we-UAE angakusiza kanjani Ecaleni lakho Lobugebengu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphansi kwe-Article 4 Yemigomo Ejwayelekile ye Umthetho Kahulumeni No. 35/1992, noma imuphi umuntu osolwa ngecala lokudilikelwa yijele noma lokufa kumele asizwe ngummeli othembekile. Uma umuntu engenamandla okwenza lokho, inkantolo izommisela eyodwa.
Ngokuvamile, umshushisi unamandla akhethekile okwenza uphenyo futhi aqondise ukubekwa amacala ngokulandela imibandela yomthetho. Kodwa-ke, amanye amacala asohlwini lwe-Article 10 ye-Federal Law No. 35/1992 awaludingi usizo lomshushisi, futhi ummangali angathumela isenzo ngokwakhe noma ngommeli wakhe wezomthetho.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, e-Dubai noma e-UAE, u-Advocate wase-Emirati ofanelekayo kufanele azi kahle isi-Arabhu futhi unelungelo lezethameli; kungenjalo, bafuna usizo lomhumushi ngemva kokufunga. Okuphawulekayo iqiniso lokuthi izenzo zobugebengu ziphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukuhoxiswa noma ukufa komuntu ohlukunyeziwe kuzosiphuca isenzo sobugebengu.
Uzodinga a Ummeli we-UAE ongakusiza ukuthi uhlole indlela yakho ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu ukuze uthole ubulungiswa obukufanele. Ngoba ngaphandle kosizo longqondongqondo bezomthetho, umthetho ngeke usize izisulu eziwudinga kakhulu.
Your ukubonisana kwezomthetho nathi kuzosisiza siqonde isimo sakho nezinto ezikukhathazayo. Uma wena noma othandekayo nibhekene namacala obugebengu e-UAE, singasiza.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uhlele umhlangano. Sinayo i abameli bobugebengu abahamba phambili eDubai noma e-Abu Dhabi ukukusiza. Ukuthola ubulungiswa bobugebengu eDubai kungaba nzima kakhulu. Udinga ummeli wobugebengu onolwazi futhi onesipiliyoni ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu ezweni. Ngezingcingo eziphuthumayo + 971506531334 + 971558018669
