I-United Arab Emirates (UAE) inohlelo lwezomthetho oluguquguqukayo nolunezici eziningi. Ngenhlanganisela yemithetho yenhlangano esebenza ezweni lonke nasendaweni eqondene ne-emirate ngayinye kwayisikhombisa, ukuqonda ububanzi obugcwele bemithetho ye-UAE kungase kubonakale kunzima.
Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza ukubuka konke kokhiye imithetho yendawo phesheya kwe-UAE ukusiza izakhamuzi, amabhizinisi, Futhi izivakashi bayakwazisa ukunotha kohlaka lomthetho kanye namalungelo abo kanye nezibopho zabo ngaphakathi kwalo.
Amatshe Amakhona E-UAE's Hybrid Legal Landscape
Izimiso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zisekela indwangu yomthetho eyingqayizivele ye-UAE elukwe emithonyeni ehlukahlukene. Okokuqala, umthethosisekelo ubeka umthetho we-Islamic Sharia njengenhloko yomthetho eyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, umthethosisekelo uphinde wasungula iNkantolo Ephakeme Yombuso, izinqumo zayo ezibopha ngokusemthethweni kuyo yonke i-Emirates.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-emirate ngayinye ingafaka izinkantolo zasendaweni ngaphansi kohlelo lukahulumeni noma ishadi izifundo zayo ezizimele zokwahlulela njenge-Dubai ne-Ras Al Khaimah. Ukwengeza, izindawo ezikhethiwe zamahhala e-Dubai nase-Abu Dhabi zisebenzisa izimiso zomthetho ezivamile ezingxabanweni zezentengiso.
Ngakho-ke, ukwembula izigaba zomthetho kuzo zonke iziphathimandla zikahulumeni, imikhandlu yasendaweni ye-emirate, kanye nezindawo zokwahlulela ezizimele kudinga ukukhuthala okukhulu kochwepheshe bezomthetho nabantu abavamile ngokufanayo.
Imithetho Yesifunda Ilawula Imithetho Yendawo
Ngenkathi umthethosisekelo unikeza ama-emirates amandla okumemezela imithetho emayelana nezindaba zasendaweni, imithetho yenhlangano ithatha indawo yokuqala ezizindeni ezibucayi eziphoqelelwa uhlelo lwezobulungiswa lwase-dubai njengezabasebenzi, ezentengiselwano, ukuthengiselana kwabantu, intela, nomthetho wobugebengu. Ake sihlole eminye imithetho ye-federal esemqoka kakhulu.
Umthetho Wezabasebenzi Uvikela Amalungelo Abasebenzi
Ingqikithi yomthetho wokuqashwa kombuso nguMthetho Wezabasebenzi ka-1980, olawula amahora okusebenza, amaholide, amaqabunga okugula, izisebenzi zezingane, nemibandela yokunqanyulwa ezinhlanganweni ezizimele. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zingaphansi kweFederal Human Resource Law ka-2008. Izindawo zamahhala zakha imithetho ehlukene yokuqashwa ehambisana nokugxila kwazo kwezohwebo.
Imithetho Eqinile Yokuxhashazwa Kwezidakamizwa kanye ne-DUI
Eceleni kwezifunda ezingomakhelwane ze-Gulf, i-UAE igunyaza izinhlawulo eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukushushumbiswa, kusukela ekudingisweni kuye ekubulaweni ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Umthetho Wokulwa Nezidakamizwa uletha imihlahlandlela ebanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa futhi uveza okuqondile amacala ezidakamizwa izinhlawulo e-UAE, kuyilapho ikhodi yesigwebo ibeka izikhathi ezibekiwe zesigwebo.
Ngokufanayo, ukushayela udakiwe kumema izigwegwe ezinzima ezingokomthetho njengesikhathi sasejele, ukumiswa kwelayisensi kanye nezinhlawulo ezinzima. Ubukhulu obuhlukile ukuthi imindeni engavamile yama-Emiriti ingathola amalayisense otshwala, kuyilapho amahhotela ebhekelela izivakashi nabaphuma kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa akukho ukubekezelelana ekuqondeni umphakathi.
Imithetho Yezezimali Ehambisana Namazinga Omhlaba
Imithetho eqinile ibusa imikhakha yamabhange nezezimali ye-UAE, egxile ekuqondaneni komhlaba wonke ngamazinga wokubala we-IFRS kanye nokuqapha okuqinile kwe-AML. Umthetho omusha Wezinkampani Zohwebo uphinda ugunyaze ukubika kwezezimali okuphakeme kumafemu asohlwini lwasesidlangalaleni. Le mithethonqubo yezezimali ihlangana nayo Imithetho ye-uae ekuqoqweni kwezikweletu ezindaweni ezifana nezinqubo zokuqothuka.
Mayelana nentela, u-2018 wamukele intela ye-Value Added Tax engu-5% ukuze kuqiniswe izimali ezingenayo zombuso ngale kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-hydrocarbon. Sekukonke, ukugqama kusekusungulweni kwemithetho elungele abatshalizimali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugadwa kwemithetho.
Imiphi Imithetho Yezenhlalakahle Okufanele Uyazi?
Ngale kwezohwebo, i-UAE ikhipha isimemezelo semithetho yezenhlalo ebalulekile emayelana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha njengobuqotho, ukubekezelelana nokuziphatha okuthobekile komphakathi ngokokuziphatha ngokwesiko lama-Arab. Kodwa-ke, izivumelwano zokuphoqelela zisetshenziswa ngokusobala ukuze kugcinwe indwangu ye-UAE ye-cosmopolitan. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabesifazane e-UAE kuyingxenye ebalulekile yale mithetho yezenhlalo. Ake sihlole izindawo ezithile ezibalulekile:
Imikhawulo Emayelana Nobudlelwano kanye ne-PDA
Noma yibuphi ubudlelwano bothando ngaphandle komshado osemthethweni bunqatshelwe ngokomthetho futhi bungabandakanya izigwebo ezinzima uma kutholakala futhi kubikwa. Ngokufanayo, imibhangqwana engashadile ayikwazi ukwabelana ngezindawo eziyimfihlo kuyilapho ukuboniswa komphakathi okubonakalayo njengokuqabulana kungamukeleki futhi kuhlawuliswa. Izakhamuzi kufanele ziqaphele mayelana nezimpawu zothando nezingubo zokugqoka.
Imidiya Nezithombe
Kunemikhawulo mayelana nokuthwebula izikhungo zikahulumeni nezindawo zamasosha kuyilapho ukwabelana ngezithombe zabesifazane bendawo ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwemvume yabo kuvinjelwe. Ukugxekwa kokusakaza kwezinqubomgomo zezwe ezinkundleni zomphakathi nakho kubi ngokusemthethweni, nakuba amakholomu alinganisiwe evunyelwe.
Ukuhlonipha Izimiso Zesiko Lendawo
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezikhazimulayo ezicwebezelayo nendlela yokuphila yokuzilibazisa, inani labantu base-Emirati ligcina izindinganiso zendabuko zamaSulumane mayelana nesizotha, ukubekezelelana kwezenkolo kanye nezikhungo zomndeni. Ngakho-ke, zonke izakhamizi kumele zigweme ukuxoxisana esidlangalaleni ngezindaba eziyimpikiswano njengepolitiki noma ezocansi ezingacasula imizwa yomdabu.
Imiphi Imithetho Yasendaweni Okufanele Uyilandele?
Ngenkathi iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zithwebula izihloko zezindaba ngokufanelekile, izici eziningi ezibalulekile ezimayelana nezimo zokuphila namalungelo obunikazi zihlanganiswa ngemithetho yendawo e-Emirate ngayinye. Ake sihlaziye ezinye izindawo lapho imithetho yesifunda isebenza khona:
Amalayisense Otshwala Asebenza Endaweni Kuphela
Ukuthola ilayisense yotshwala kudinga izimvume zokuqasha ezisebenzayo ezifakazela ukuhlala kuleyo Melika. Abavakashi bathola imvume yesikhashana yenyanga eyodwa futhi kufanele bahloniphe imithetho eqinile mayelana nokuphuza izindawo ezikhethiwe kanye nokushayela ngendlela engafanele. Iziphathimandla zase-Emirate zingakhokhisa izinhlawulo ngokuphula umthetho.
Imithetho Yebhizinisi Yasogwini ne-Offshore
Izinkampani ze-Mainland kulo lonke elase-Dubai nase-Abu Dhabi ziphendula emithethweni yobunikazi yenhlangano ebeka iziteki zakwamanye amazwe ku-49%. Ngaleso sikhathi, izindawo zezomnotho ezikhethekile zihlinzeka ngo-100% ubunikazi baphesheya kwezilwandle kodwa zivimbele ukuhwebelana endaweni ngaphandle kozakwethu wendawo ophethe ukulingana okungu-51%. Ukuqonda iziphathimandla kubalulekile.
Imithetho Yokuklanywa Kwendawo Yezindlu Ezithengiswayo
Yonke i-Emirate ihlukanisa izindawo zezentengiselwano, zokuhlala nezimboni. Abokufika abakwazi ukuthenga izakhiwo zamahhala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Burj Khalifa noma i-Palm Jumeirah, kuyilapho ukuthuthukiswa kwelokishi elikhethiwe kutholakala ngezivumelwano zokuqashisa zeminyaka engu-99. Thola umeluleki ochwepheshe ukuze ugweme izingibe zomthetho.
Imithetho Yendawo e-UAE
I-UAE ine- uhlelo lwezomthetho olukabili, enamandla ahlukaniswe phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni nezendawo. Ngenkathi imithetho yenhlangano ekhishwe yisishayamthetho se-UAE ihlanganisa izindawo ezifana umthetho wezobugebengu, umthetho womphakathi, umthetho wezohwebo futhi izisebenzi zomnyango wofuduko, ama-emirate angawodwana anegunya lokuthuthukisa imithetho yendawo ekhuluma ngezindaba zomphakathi, ezomnotho kanye nezomasipala ehlukile kuleyo Melika.
Kanjalo, imithetho yendawo iyahlukahluka ngaphesheya kwe-Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah kanye neFujairah - ama-emirates ayisikhombisa ahlanganisa i-UAE. Le mithetho ithinta izici zempilo yansuku zonke njengobudlelwane bomndeni, ubunikazi bomhlaba, imisebenzi yebhizinisi, ukuthengiselana kwezezimali nokuziphatha komphakathi.
Ukufinyelela Imithetho Yendawo
isikhulu amagazethi kanye nezingosi zomthetho zama-emirates afanele zihlinzeka ngezinguqulo zakamuva zemithetho. Abaningi manje banezinguqulo zesiNgisi ezitholakalayo. Nokho, i Umbhalo wesi-Arabhu uhlala uyidokhumenti ebophezela ngokusemthethweni uma kunezingxabano ngokutolika.
Izeluleko zezomthetho ezichwepheshile zingasiza ekutholeni amaphuzu, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini emikhulu njengokusungula ibhizinisi.
Izindawo Ezibalulekile Ezibuswa Imithetho Yasekhaya
Ngenkathi imithetho ethile ihluka, ezinye izingqikithi ezijwayelekile ziyavela emithethweni yendawo kuwo wonke ama-emirates ayisikhombisa:
Ezohwebo Nezezimali
Izindawo zamahhala e-Dubai nase-Abu Dhabi zinemithetho yazo, kodwa imithetho yendawo endaweni ngayinye ye-emirate ikhava amalayisense avamile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zamabhizinisi. Isibonelo, i-Decree No. 33 ka-2010 ichaza ngohlaka olukhethekile lwamafemu ezindaweni zamahhala zezezimali zase-Dubai.
Imithetho yendawo iphinde ikhulume nezici zokuvikela abathengi. Umthetho we-Ajman’s No. 4 ka-2014 ubeka phansi amalungelo nezibopho zabo bobabili abathengi nabathengisi emisebenzini yezentengiso.
Izakhiwo kanye Nobunikazi Bomhlaba
Uma kubhekwa inkimbinkimbi yokusungula itayitela e-UAE, ukubhaliswa kwezindawo okukhethekile kanye nemithetho yokuphathwa komhlaba isiza ukwenza inqubo ibe lula. Isibonelo, uMthetho No. 13 ka-2003 udale Umnyango Wezomhlaba wase-Dubai ukuze wengamele lezi zindaba phakathi nendawo.
Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala iphinde inikeze izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano kubanikazi bezindlu nabaqashi. Kokubili i-Dubai ne-Sharjah bakhiphe imithetho ekhethekile evikela amalungelo abaqashi.
Izindaba Zomndeni
I-UAE ivumela i-emirate ngayinye ukuthi icacise imithetho elawula izindaba zesimo somuntu siqu njengomshado, isehlukaniso, ifa kanye nokugcinwa kwengane. Isibonelo, i-Ajman Law No. 2 ka-2008 ilawula umshado phakathi kwe-Emiratis nabangaphandle. Le mithetho isebenza kwizakhamizi kanye nakubahlali.
Abezindaba Nezincwadi
Ukuvikelwa kwenkulumo kwamahhala ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo kubhalansisa ukudala imidiya enesibopho nokunqanda ukubika okungamanga. Isibonelo, i-Decree No. 49 of 2018 e-Abu Dhabi ivumela abaphathi ukuthi bavimbe amasayithi edijithali ngokushicilela okuqukethwe okungalungile.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda
Ama-emirates amaningana asenyakatho afana ne-Ras Al Khaimah kanye ne-Fujairah aphasise imithetho yasekhaya ukuze kuvunyelwe ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kumaphrojekthi wezokuvakasha nasezindaweni zezimboni. Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlosiwe zokuheha abatshalizimali nonjiniyela.
Ukucacisa Imithetho Yasendaweni: Umongo Wezamasiko
Nakuba imithetho yendawo yokuhlaziya ngokombhalo ingase iveze uhlamvu lobuchwepheshe lomthetho, ukwazisa indima yabo ngempela kudinga ukuqonda izimiso zamasiko ezisekelwe kuyo.
Njengekhaya lemiphakathi yendabuko yamaSulumane ethuthuka ngokushesha komnotho, i-UAE isebenzisa imithetho yendawo ukuze ilinganise zombili lezi zinhloso. Inhloso enkulu ukwakha uhlelo olubumbene lwezenhlalo nezomnotho olulinganisa isimanjemanje namagugu.
Isibonelo, imithetho yaseDubai ivumela ukuphuzwa kotshwala kodwa ilawula ngokuqinile ukugunyazwa nokuziphatha kotshwala ngenxa yemithetho eqinile yenkolo. Imithetho yokuziphatha igcina ukuzwela kwamasiko endawo njengoba ama-emirates ehlangana nomphakathi womhlaba.
Ngakho-ke imithetho yendawo ihlanganisa isivumelwano senhlalo phakathi kombuso nezakhamuzi. Ukuzilandela akubonisi nje ukuthobela umthetho kodwa futhi nokuhloniphana. Ukungazinaki kubeka engcupheni ukucekela phansi ukuzwana okubambene lo mphakathi ohlukene.
Imithetho Yendawo: Isampula Ngaphesheya kwe-Emirates
Ukukhombisa ukwehlukahlukana kwemithetho yendawo etholakala kuwo wonke ama-emirates ayisikhombisa, nali isampula lezinga eliphezulu:
Dubai
Umthetho ongunombolo 13 ka-2003 - Kusungulwe uMnyango Wezomhlaba okhethekile wase-Dubai kanye nezinqubo ezihambisanayo zokuthengiselana kwezakhiwo eziwela umngcele, ukubhaliswa nokuxazulula izingxabano.
Umthetho ongunombolo 10 ka-2009 - Kubhekwane nezingxabano ezikhulayo zabaqashi nabaqashi ngokudala isikhungo semibango yezindlu kanye nenkantolo ekhethekile. Iphinde yaveza izizathu zokuxoshwa kanye nokuvikelwa ekuthathweni kwempahla ngokungemthetho ngabanikazi bezindlu phakathi kwezinye izihlinzeko.
Umthetho ongunombolo 7 ka-2002 - Imithetho ehlanganisiwe elawula zonke izici zokusetshenziswa komgwaqo nokulawulwa kwethrafikhi e-Dubai. Ihlanganisa izincwadi zokushayela, ukufaneleka kwezimoto, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo, izinhlawulo kanye neziphathimandla ezihlulelayo. I-RTA isungula eminye imihlahlandlela ezosetshenziswa.
Umthetho ongunombolo 3 ka-2003 - Ikhawulela amalayisensi otshwala kumahhotela, amakilabhu kanye nezindawo eziqokiwe. Kuvinjelwe ukunikeza utshwala ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Ukwenqabela nokuthenga utshwala ngaphandle kwelayisensi noma ukuphuza ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ibeka izinhlawulo (kufika ku-AED 50,000) kanye nejele (kufika ezinyangeni eziyisi-6) ngokwephula umthetho.
Abu Dhabi
Umthetho ongunombolo 13 ka-2005 - Isungula uhlelo lokubhalisa impahla ukuze kubhalwe phansi amatayitela nama-easements e-emirate. Ivumela ukufakwa kungobo yomlando nge-elekthronikhi kwezenzo, kusiza ukuthengiselana okusheshayo njengokuthengisa, izipho kanye nefa lezindlu ezithengiswayo.
Umthetho ongunombolo 8 ka-2006 - Inikeza imihlahlandlela yokuklama nokusetshenziswa kweziza. Ihlukanisa iziza njengezindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo, zezimboni noma ezisetshenziswa ngokuxubile. Ibeka inqubo yokugunyaza kanye namazinga okuhlela okwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuzo zonke lezi zindawo. Isiza ukwenza izinhlelo ezinhle ezibonisa izinto ezibalulekile kwezomnotho ezifiselekayo.
Umthetho ongunombolo 6 ka-2009 - Idala Ikomidi Eliphakeme Lokuvikelwa Kwabathengi elinikezwe umsebenzi wokusabalalisa ukuqwashisa ngamalungelo abathengi kanye nezibopho zezohwebo. Iphinde inikeze ikomidi amandla okuphoqelela ukubuyiswa kwempahla engalungile, iqinisekise ukubonakala kolwazi lwezentengiso njengamalebula ezinto, izintengo neziqinisekiso. Iqinisa ukuvikela ekukhwabaniseni noma kulwazi olungamanga.
Sharjah
Umthetho ongunombolo 7 ka-2003 - Irenti ephezulu ye-Caps inyuka ngo-7% ngonyaka uma iqashwa ngaphansi kwe-AED 50k ngonyaka, kanye no-5% uma ingaphezu kuka-AED 50k. Abanikazi bezindlu kufanele banikeze isaziso sezinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukunyuka. Iphinde ibeke imingcele izizathu zokukhishwa, iqinisekisa abaqashi izinyanga eziyi-12 zokuhlala isikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokunqanyulwa kwenkontileka ngumninindlu.
Umthetho ongunombolo 2 ka-2000 - Wenqabela izikhungo ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kwelayisensi yokuhweba efaka imisebenzi ethile eziyenzayo. Ibala imisebenzi egunyaziwe ngaphansi kwesigaba ngasinye selayisensi. Ivimbela ukukhishwa kwamalayisensi amabhizinisi athathwa njengangamukelekile iziphathimandla. Ibeka izinhlawulo ezifika ku-AED 100k ngokwephula umthetho.
Umthetho ongunombolo 12 ka-2020 - Ihlukanisa yonke imigwaqo eSharjah ibe yimigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo yabaqoqi kanye nemigwaqo yasendaweni. Kubandakanya izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezifana nobubanzi obuncane bomgwaqo kanye nezivumelwano zokuhlela ezisuselwe kumthamo wethrafikhi ocatshangelwayo. Isiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba zesikhathi esizayo.
Ajman
Umthetho ongunombolo 2 ka-2008 - Ichaza izidingo zamadoda ase-Emirati ukuthi ashade namakhosikazi abengeziwe, futhi abesifazane base-Emirati bashade nabantu abangebona izakhamuzi. Kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngendlu nokuvikeleka ngokwezimali kowesifazane okhona ngaphambi kokucela imvume yomshado owengeziwe. Ibeka imibandela yobudala.
Umthetho ongunombolo 3 ka-1996 - Ivumela iziphathimandla zikamasipala ukuthi ziphoqelele abanikazi bezindawo zomhlaba ezinganakiwe ukuthi bazithuthukise phakathi neminyaka emi-2, uma kungenzeki lokho, kuvumela iziphathimandla ukuba zithathe amalungelo okugcina kanye nokudayiswa kwesiza ngethenda yomphakathi eqala ngentengo ebekiwe elingana no-50% yenani elilinganiselwe lemakethe. Ikhiqiza imali yentela futhi ithuthukisa ubuhle bomphakathi.
Umthetho ongunombolo 8 ka-2008 - Inika amandla iziphathimandla zikamasipala ukuthi zivimbele ukudayiswa kwezimpahla ezithathwa njengezihlukumeza umphakathi noma amanani endawo. Ihlanganisa okushicilelwe, imidiya, izingubo zokugqoka, ama-artifact kanye namakhonsathi. Izinhlawulo zokwephula umthetho zifinyelela ku-AED 10,000 kuye ngobunzima nokuphinda amacala. Isiza ekulolongeni indawo yezohwebo.
Umm Al Quwain
Umthetho ongunombolo 3 ka-2005 - Idinga abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi banakekele izakhiwo ezifanele ukuhlala. Abaqashi kufanele basize ekunakekeleni izakhiwo. Idiphozithi yesibambiso esiyi-Caps ngo-10% werenti yonyaka. Imikhawulo yerenti ikhuphuka ibe ngu-10% yenani elikhona. Iqinisekisa abaqashi ngokuvuselelwa kwenkontileka ngaphandle uma umninindlu edinga indawo ukuze azisebenzisele yena. Ihlinzekela ukuxazululwa ngokushesha kwezingxabano.
Umthetho ongunombolo 2 ka-1998 - Ukwenqabela ukungenisa kanye nokuphuzwa utshwala e-emirate ngokuhambisana nezinkambiso zamasiko endawo. Izaphulamthetho zibhekene neminyaka emi-3 ejele kanye nezinhlawulo zemali ezinkulu. Ukuxolelwa kungenzeka ngecala lokuqala uma abantu bangaphandle. Ithengisa utshwala obuphucwe ukuze kuzuze umgcinimafa kahulumeni.
Umthetho ongunombolo 7 ka-2019 - Ivumela iziphathimandla zikamasipala ukuthi zinikeze amalayisense esikhashana onyaka owodwa wemisebenzi yezohwebo ethathwa njengewusizo yi-emirate. Ihlanganisa imisebenzi efana nabathengisi abahambahambayo, abadayisi bezandla kanye nokuwashwa kwezimoto. Ingavuselelwa ngokuhambisana nemibandela yelayisense mayelana nesikhathi esivunyelwe nezindawo. Ikhuthaza i-microenterprise.
I-Ras Al Khaimah
Umthetho ongunombolo 14 ka-2007 - Iveza ukuhlelwa kohlelo lokuvikela amaholo okuhlanganisa izidingo ezifana nokudluliswa komholo nge-elekthronikhi nokuqopha izinkontileka zokuqashwa ku-Ministry of Human Resources kanye nezinhlelo ze-Emiratisation. Iqinisekisa ukucaca kwamaholo abasebenzi futhi inqande ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi.
Umthetho ongunombolo 5 ka-2019 - Ivumela uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho ukuthi ukhansele noma umise amalayisense okuhweba uma abalayisensi belahlwa amacala ahlobene nokuhlonipha noma ukwethembeka. Kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokukhohlisa. Isekela ubuqotho ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi.
Umthetho ongunombolo 11 ka-2019 - Ibeka imikhawulo yejubane emigwaqweni ehlukene njengobukhulu obungama-80 km/h emigwaqweni emibili yemizila, i-100 km/h emigwaqweni emikhulu kanye no-60 km/h ezindaweni zokupaka nemigudu. Icacisa ukwephulwa okufana nemigqa yokulandelanisa kanye nokugxuma. Ibeka izinhlawulo (kufika ku-AED 3000) kanye namaphoyinti amnyama ngokuphulwa okungenzeka kumiswe ilayisense.
Fujairah
Umthetho ongunombolo 2 ka-2007 - Ihlinzeka ngezinxephezelo zamahhotela, izindawo zokungcebeleka, izindlu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zamagugu okuhlanganisa nokwaba umhlaba kahulumeni, ukusiza ngezezimali kanye nokukhokhiswa intela yempahla etholakala kwamanye amazwe namathuluzi. Ithuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha.
Umthetho ongunombolo 3 ka-2005 - Ukwenqabela ukuthutha noma ukugcina amalitha angaphezu kuka-100 otshwala ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Ibeka izinhlawulo kusukela ku-AED 500 kufika ku-AED 50,000 kuye ngokuphulwa komthetho. Ubhadla ejele isikhathi esingangonyaka ngamacala okuphinda. Abashayeli abangaphansi kwethonya babhekana nokuboshwa nokuphucwa izimoto.
Umthetho ongunombolo 4 ka-2012 - Ivikela amalungelo okusabalalisa i-ejenti ngaphakathi kwe-emirate. Ivimbela abahlinzeki ekugwemeni ama-ejenti asekhaya anenkontileka ngokumaketha ngokuqondile kumakhasimende endawo. Isekela abahwebi bendawo futhi iqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwentengo. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kuheha isinxephezelo esiyalelwe yinkantolo.
Ukucacisa Imithetho Yasendaweni: Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo
Kafushane, ngenkathi uzulazula ububanzi bomthetho we-UAE kungase kubonakale kuyinselele, ukunaka imithetho yendawo kuveza ukunotha kwalolu hlelo lukahulumeni:
- Umthethosisekelo we-UAE unikeza i-emirate ngayinye amandla ukuze ikhiphe imithetho ekhuluma ngezimo zezenhlalo ezihlukile nezimo zebhizinisi ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo.
- Izindikimba ezimqoka zihlanganisa ukwenza lula ubunikazi bomhlaba, ukunikeza amalayisensi imisebenzi yezohwebo, ukuvikela amalungelo abathengi kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
- Ukuqonda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhloso zesimanje nokugcina ukuhlonza kwezenhlalo namasiko kubalulekile ekucaciseni isizathu esisekela imithetho ethile yendawo.
- Izakhamuzi nabatshalizimali kufanele bacwaninge ngemithetho eqondene ne-emirate abahlose ukusebenza kuyo, kunokuba bacabangele ukufana kwemithetho ezweni lonke.
- Amagazethi kahulumeni asemthethweni ahlinzeka ngemibhalo egunyaziwe yemithetho nezichibiyelo. Nokho, ukubonisana nomthetho kuhle ukuze kuchazwe ngendlela efanele.
Imithetho yendawo ye-UAE isalokhu iyithuluzi eliguqukayo elihloselwe ukwakha umphakathi olinganayo, ovikelekile futhi ozinzile ogxile kumasiko ama-Arab kodwa ohlanganiswe nomnotho womhlaba. Nakuba umthetho wombuso uchaza uhlaka lulonke, ukwazisa lawa manuances wendawo kuthuthukisa ukuqonda komuntu lesi sizwe esinamandla.
