E-United Arab Emirates, ukwephula ukwethenjwa yicala elibi okungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude kubantu ngabanye nakumabhizinisi ngokufanayo. Njengenye yeziningi amafemu asemthethweni anolwazi e-UAE, Abameli be-AK bebehamba phambili ekusingatheni la macala ayinkimbinkimbi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili.
Ithimba lethu labameli abangomakadebona bezokuvikela ubugebengu kanye nongoti bezomthetho bazi kahle ubunkimbinkimbi bomthetho we-UAE, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekwephuleni izinsolo zokwethenjwa.
Kuyini Ukuphulwa Kwethemba?
Ukukhwabanisa nokwephulwa kokwethembeka kungamacala obugebengu e-UAE ngaphansi koMthetho Federal No. 3 ka-1987 kanye nezichibiyelo zawo (Ikhodi Yenhlawulo). Ngokwe-athikili 404 ye-UAE Penal Code, ukwephulwa komthetho we-trust kubandakanya namacala okuxhaphaza impahla egudlukayo, okuhlanganisa nemali.
Ngokuvamile, ukwephulwa kokwethembeka kobugebengu kuhilela isimo lapho umuntu obekwe esikhundleni sokwethenjwa nomthwalo wemfanelo ethatha ithuba lesikhundla sakhe ukuze akhwabanise impahla kathishanhloko. Esimeni sebhizinisi, umenzi wobubi ngokuvamile uba isisebenzi, uzakwethu webhizinisi, noma umphakeli/umthengisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisulu (uthishanhloko) ngokuvamile umnikazi webhizinisi, umqashi, noma umlingani webhizinisi.
Imithetho yenhlangano ye-UAE ivumela noma ubani, okuhlanganisa abaqashi nozakwethu bebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe abayizisulu zokuqolwa abasebenzi babo noma ozakwethu bebhizinisi, ukuthi bamangalele izephulamthetho ecaleni lobugebengu. Ukwengeza, umthetho uyabavumela ukuthi bathole isinxephezelo kulowo onecala ngokuqala ukuqulwa kwecala enkantolo yezakhamuzi.
Ubani Ongathinteka Ngokuphulwa Kokwethenjwa?
Ukwephulwa kokwethembeka kungenzeka ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, kuthinte inhlobonhlobo yabantu ngabanye nezinhlangano. Nazi izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela:
- Umeluleki wezezimali uxhaphaza izimali zekhasimende ukuze azizuzele yena
- Isisebenzi esigebenga izinsiza zenkampani
- Uzakwethu webhizinisi ophambukisa inzuzo ngaphandle kolwazi lwabanye ababambiqhaza
- I-trustee ephethe budedengu izimpahla eziphathiswe ukuthi azinakekele
- I-ejenti yezindlu ephatha kabi amadiphozi eklayenti
Idatha Yakamuva Yokwephulwa Kokwethenjwa e-UAE
Nakuba izibalo ezithile zokwephulwa kwamacala okuthembana e-UAE zikhawulelwe, idatha yakamuva isikhanyisela ngesimo esibanzi sobugebengu bezezimali:
- Ngokombiko we-UAE Central Bank wango-2022, kube nokukhuphuka okungama-35% kwemibiko yezentengiselwano esolisayo ehlobene nobugebengu bezezimali, okuhlanganisa ukwephulwa kwamacala okuthenjwa.
- I-Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) ibike ukwenyuka ngo-12% kophenyo mayelana nokungaziphathi kahle kwezezimali ngo-2023, kanye nokwephulwa kwezinsolo zokwethenjwa ezibalela ingxenye enkulu yala macala.
Ukuma Okusemthethweni Ngokuphulwa Kwethemba
U-HE Abdullah Sultan Bin Awad Al Nuaimi, uNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa, ugcizelele ukuzibophezela kwe-UAE ekulweni nobugebengu bezezimali ngo-2024: “I-UAE ayikubekezeleli neze ukwephulwa kokwethembeka namanye amacala ezezimali. Siyaqhubeka nokuqinisa uhlaka lwethu lwezomthetho ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi amacala anjalo asingathwa ngokushesha nangobulungiswa.”
Izidingo Zokwephulwa Kwethemba Ecaleni Lobugebengu
Noma umthetho uvumela abantu ukuthi bamangalele abanye ngokwephulwa kwamacala okuthenjwa, ukwephulwa kwecala lokuthenjwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile noma izimo, izici zobugebengu bokwephulwa kokwethembeka: okuhlanganisa:
- Ukwephulwa kokwethembeka kungenzeka kuphela uma ukukhwabanisela kubandakanya impahla esusekayo, okuhlanganisa imali, amadokhumenti, namathuluzi ezezimali afana namasheya noma amabhondi.
- Ukwephulwa kokwethenjwa kwenzeka lapho ummangalelwa engenalo ilungelo elingokomthetho mayelana nempahla asolwa ngokukhwabanisa noma ukuyisebenzisa budedengu. Empeleni, umenzi wobubi wayengenalo igunya elingokomthetho lokwenza ngendlela abenza ngayo.
- Ngokungafani nokweba nokukhwabanisa, ukwephulwa kokwethembeka kudinga isisulu ukuba senze umonakalo.
- Ukuze kwenzeke ukwephulwa kokwethembeka, ummangalelwa kufanele abe nempahla ngenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: njengesivumelwano sokuqashisa, ukuthembela, ukuboleka imali, noma i-proxy.
- Ebudlelwaneni babaninimasheya, umnikazi wamasheya owenqabela abanye abanikazimasheya ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo angokomthetho kumasheya abo futhi athathe lawo masheya ukuze bazuze angase ashushiswe ngokwephula ukwethenjwa.
Izigaba Ezibalulekile Nezindatshana Ezimayelana Nokwephulwa Kokuthenjwa ezivela kuMthetho Wobugebengu wase-UAE
Umthetho Wobugebengu wase-UAE uqukethe izindatshana ezimbalwa ezikhuluma ngokuphulwa kokwethenjwa. Nazi ezinye izigaba ezibalulekile:
- Article 404: Ichaza icala lokwephulwa kokwethenjwa futhi iveza izinhlawulo ezingaba khona
- Article 405: Ikhuluma nezimo ezicindezelayo eziphula amacala okuthenjwa
- Article 406: Imboza ukuphulwa kokwethenjwa kuzimo zobuchwepheshe
- Article 407: Ibhekana nokuphulwa kokwethenjwa okubandakanya izimali zomphakathi
- Article 408: Ibhekana nokuphulwa kokwethenjwa kwamabhange nezikhungo zezezimali
- Article 409: Imboza ukuphulwa kokwethembeka kumongo wezincwadi zefa namafa
- Article 410: Iveza izinhlawulo ezengeziwe zokwephulwa kwamacala okuthenjwa
Ukuphulwa Komthetho Wokuthenjwa kwe-UAE: Izinguquko Zezobuchwepheshe
Ngokufanayo nezinye izindawo, ubuchwepheshe obusha buye bashintsha indlela i-UAE eshushisa ngayo ukwephulwa kwamacala okuthembana. Isibonelo, ezimeni lapho umenzi wecala asebenzise ikhompuyutha noma isisetshenziswa sikagesi ukwenza ubugebengu, inkantolo ingabashushisa ngaphansi kwe-UAE Cyber Crime Law (Federal Law No. 5 of 2012).
Ukwephulwa kwamacala okuthenjwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wobugebengu Be-Cyber kunenhlawulo eqinile kunalawo ashushiswa ngaphansi kwezinhlinzeko zeKhodi Yezigwebo. Amacala angaphansi kwe Umthetho Wobugebengu Be-Cyber zihlanganisa lezo ezibandakanya:
- Ukwenza idokhumenti usebenzisa izindlela ze-elekthronikhi/zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nezivamile izinhlobo zomgunyathi njengokukhohlisa kwedijithali (ukukhohlisa amafayela edijithali noma amarekhodi).
- Ukusebenzisa ngenhloso idokhumenti ye-elekthronikhi engumgunyathi
- Ukusebenzisa izindlela zikagesi/zobuchwepheshe ukuthola impahla ngokungemthetho
- Ukufinyelela okungekho emthethweni kuma-akhawunti asebhange ngezindlela ze-elekthronikhi/zobuchwepheshe
- Ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwesistimu kagesi/yezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini
Isimo esivamile sokwephulwa kokwethembeka ngobuchwepheshe e-UAE sihlanganisa ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwezibalo zabantu noma zenhlangano noma imininingwane yasebhange ukuze kudluliselwe imali ngokukhwabanisa noma ukuntshontsha kubo.
Izinhlawulo Nezijeziso Zokwephulwa Kwamacala Okwethenjwa kulo lonke elase-Dubai nase-Abu Dhabi
I-UAE ibeka izinhlawulo ezinzima kulabo abatholakala benecala lokwephula ukwethenjwa:
- Ukuboshwa: Izaphulamthetho zingase zibhekane nesigwebo esisuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emithathu.
- Izinhlawulo: Izinhlawulo zemali zingaba nkulu, ngokuvamile zifinyelele ku-AED 30,000.
- Ukudingiswa: Abantu okungebona abase-UAE abalahlwe yicala lokwephula ukwethenjwa bangabhekana nokudingiswa ngemuva kokudonsa isigwebo sabo.
- Ukubuyisela: Izinkantolo zingayalela umenzi womthetho ukuthi akhokhe izimali ezisetshenziswe budedengu noma abuyisele impahla okukhulunywa ngayo.
Ezimweni ezibandakanya izimali zomphakathi noma impahla engaphansi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlawulo zinzima nakakhulu, futhi imibandela yokuboshwa ingase idlulele eminyakeni emihlanu kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-AED 500,000 kokubili e-Abu Dhabi nase-Dubai.
Amasu Okuvikela Ekuphuleni Ubugebengu Bokuthenjwa e-Emirates yase-Abu Dhabi nase-Dubai
Lapho bebhekene nokwephulwa kwamacala okuthenjwa e-UAE, abameli bokuvikela ubugebengu abanolwazi bangase basebenzise amasu ahlukahlukene:
- Ukungabi nenhloso: Ukukhombisa ukuthi ummangalelwa wayengenanhloso yokusebenzisa kabi izimali noma impahla.
- Ukungabikho kobudlelwane be-Fiduciary: Ukuphikisa ukuthi akukho sibopho esingokomthetho esasikhona phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezihilelekile.
- Imvume: Ukufakazela ukuthi ummangalelwa osolwayo wayenike imvume yokusebenzisa izimali noma impahla.
- Ubunikazi Bephutha: Ukukhombisa ukuthi ummangalelwa kwakungeyena umuntu owenze izinsolo zokwephula.
- Ubufakazi Obanele: Ukuphonsela inselelo ubufakazi bomshushisi njengobenganele ukufakazela ukuthi unecala ngaphandle kokungabaza okuphusile.
Sithinte ku- +971506531334 noma +971558018669 ukuze sixoxe ngokuthi singakusiza kanjani ecaleni lakho lobugebengu.
Ukwephulwa Kokwethenjwa Kwebhizinisi e-UAE kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
Ukusetshenziswa kabi Kwezimali: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu esebenzisa imali yebhizinisi ukuze azisebenzisele yena siqu ngaphandle kwezimvume ezidingekayo noma izizathu ezingokomthetho.
Ukusetshenziswa kabi Kolwazi Oluyimfihlo: Lokhu kungenzeka uma umuntu abelana ngolwazi lwebhizinisi lokuphathelene noma olubucayi nabantu abangagunyaziwe noma izimbangi.
Ukungahambisani Nemisebenzi Ye-Fiduciary: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu ehluleka ukwenza ngendlela ezuzisa kakhulu ibhizinisi noma ababambiqhaza, ngokuvamile ukuze kuzuze yena noma kuzuze yena.
Ukukhwabanisa: Umuntu angenza ukukhwabanisa ngokunikeza ulwazi olungamanga noma ngokukhohlisa inkampani ngamabomu, ngokuvamile ukuze azizuzise yena ngokwezimali.
Ukungadaluli Ukungqubuzana Kwezintshisekelo: Uma umuntu esesimweni lapho izithakazelo zakhe siqu zingqubuzana nezintshisakalo zebhizinisi, kulindeleke ukuthi adalule lokhu. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kuwukwephula ukwethenjwa.
Ukudluliselwa Okungafanele Kwezibopho: Ukuphathisa umuntu izibopho nemisebenzi angakwazi ukuyilawula kungase futhi kubhekwe njengokwephulwa kokwethenjwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuphumela ekulahlekelweni ngokwezimali noma ekulimaleni kwebhizinisi.
Ukwehluleka Ukugcina Amarekhodi Anembile: Uma othile evumela ibhizinisi ngamabomu ukuthi ligcine amarekhodi anganembile, kuwukwephula ukwethenjwa njengoba kungaholela ezindabeni zezomthetho, ukulahlekelwa kwezimali, kanye nesithunzi esilimele.
Ukunganaki: Lokhu kungenzeka lapho umuntu ehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe ngokunakekelwa umuntu onengqondo angakusebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kokusebenza kwebhizinisi, ezezimali, noma isithunzi.
Izinqumo ezingagunyaziwe: Ukwenza izinqumo ngaphandle kwemvume edingekayo noma igunya kungaphinde kubhekwe njengokwephulwa kokwethenjwa, ikakhulukazi uma lezo zinqumo ziholela emiphumeleni emibi yebhizinisi.
Ukuthatha Amathuba Ebhizinisi Ukuze Uzizuzele Umuntu: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amathuba ebhizinisi ukuze kuzuze umuntu siqu kunokudlulisela lawo mathuba ebhizinisini.
Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje, kodwa noma yiziphi izenzo ezephula ukwethenjwa okubekwa kumuntu ngamunye yibhizinisi zingabhekwa njengokwephulwa kokwethembeka.
I-Dubai kanye ne-Abu Dhabi Ukuphulwa Kwezinsizakalo Zommeli Wokuthenjwa
Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 emthethweni wobugebengu wase-UAE, abameli bethu abanekhono baphathe ngempumelelo ukwephulwa kwamacala amaningi okuthenjwa. Siyaziqhenya ngokwethu:
- Ulwazi olujulile lwemithetho yezomthetho ye-UAE
- Indlela yesu yokwakhiwa kwamacala
- Ubudlelwano obuqinile neziphathimandla zendawo
- Irekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lemiphumela emihle
Ummeli Wobugebengu Ongcono Kakhulu Eduze Kwami Wamacala Okwephulwa Kwethemba
Abameli bethu bobugebengu eDubai banikeze izeluleko zomthetho kanye nezinsizakalo zomthetho kubo bonke abahlali baseDubai okuhlanganisa e-Emirates Hills, Deira, Dubai Hills, Dubai Marina, Bur Dubai, Jumeirah Lakes Towers (JLT), Sheikh Zayed Road, Mirdif, Business Bay, Dubai Creek Ichweba, i-Al Barsha, i-Jumeirah, i-Dubai Silicon Oasis, i-City Walk, i-Jumeirah Beach Residence (JBR), i-Palm Jumeirah, ne-Downtown Dubai. Lokhu kuba khona okusabalele kusivumela ukuthi sikhonze amakhasimende kuyo yonke i-UAE ngempumelelo.
Kungani Khetha Abameli Be-AK Ngokuphula Kwakho Amacala Okwethenjwa?
Lapho ubhekene namacala obugebengu e-Dubai noma e-Abu Dhabi, isikhathi siwumongo. Kwa-AK Advocates, siyayiqonda imvelo ebucayi yokungenelela kwezomthetho ngokushesha ekwephuleni kwamacala okuthenjwa. Ithimba lethu labameli bokuvikela ubugebengu abangomakadebona, abazi ngokujulile umthetho we-UAE, limi ngomumo ukulwela injongo yakho.
Ungavumeli ukubambezeleka kubeke engcupheni ikusasa lakho. Sonke isikhathi sibalulekile ekwakheni ukuzivikela okuqinile nasekulondolozeni izinketho zakho ezingokomthetho. Irekhodi lethu eliqinisekisiwe lokusheshisa amacala kanye nokuthola imiphumela emihle likhuluma ngokuzibophezela kwethu nobungcweti kuzo zonke izifunda zase-Dubai nase-Abu Dhabi.
Thatha isinyathelo sokuqala ekuvikeleni amalungelo nesithunzi sakho. Xhumana nama-AK Advocates namuhla kokuthi +971506531334 noma +971558018669 ukuze uhlele ukubonisana ngokushesha. Yenza okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kube yisihlangu sakho kulezi zikhathi eziyinselele.