Ukugcina umthetho nokuhleleka kuyinto ehamba phambili e-United Arab Emirates, lapho izenzo ezingalungile - nakuba zibhekwa njengamacala angathí sina kakhulu - zisabhekwa ngokuqapha okuqinile. Ngaphansi kwe-UAE Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 on the Penal Code, ububanzi bobugebengu buhlukaniswa njengamacala angalungile, ajeziswa ngezinhlawulo, izigwebo zejele ezifika eminyakeni emi-3, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili izinhlawulo.
Amacala ajwayelekile ahlanganisa ukudakwa emphakathini, ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanele, amacala okushaya amancane, ukweba izinto ezincane, ukukhishwa kwamasheke abhantshiwe, kanye nokwephulwa komgwaqo njengokushayela budedengu noma ukusebenzisa imoto ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Lokhu kubuka konke okuphelele kudingida isimo se-UAE mayelana nobugebengu obungalungile, izinhlinzeko zomthetho ezichaza izijeziso, kanye nezibonelo ezithile eziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba samacala kuwo wonke ama-emirates ayisikhombisa.
Yini Ehlanganisa Ubugebengu Be-Misdemeanor ngaphansi komthetho we-UAE?
Ngaphansi komthetho we-UAE, izenzo ezingalungile zichazwa njengamacala obugebengu abucayi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namacala. Lawa macala achazwe eMthethweni We-UAE Federal No. 3 ka-1987 ku-Penal Code, nezijeziso ngokuvamile ezingadluli iminyaka engu-3 ejele. Izenzo ezingalungile zibandakanya izinga eliphansi lodlame, ukulahlekelwa yimali, noma ukusongela ukuphepha nokuhleleka komphakathi.
Ibanga elibanzi lobugebengu liwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-misdemeanor ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwe-UAE. Okunye okuvame kakhulu ukweba izinto ezincane, okubandakanya ukuthathwa kwempahla noma izinkonzo okungekho emthethweni ezinenani elingaphansi kwe-AED 1,000.
Ukudakwa komphakathi kanye nokuziphatha ngendlela engafanele ezindaweni zomphakathi nakho kuhlukaniswa njengamacala angaholela ekuhlawulisweni noma ekugwetshweni isikhashana ejele. Amacala okushaya ahlukaniswe abe amacala kanye namacala angalungile ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokulimala okudalwe.
Ukuhlasela okuncane ngaphandle kwezici eziba nzima njengokusebenzisa izikhali kuba ngaphansi kwezenzo ezingalungile. Ukwephulwa kwethrafikhi njengokushayela budedengu, ukushayela ngaphandle kwelayisensi, kanye namasheke akhishiwe amanye amacala avamile e-UAE.
Ukwengeza, ubugebengu obunjengokuhlukumeza, ukuhlambalaza ngokuhlambalaza noma inhlamba, ukwephulwa kobumfihlo, kanye nokungena endaweni yabanye ngaphandle kwemvume njengamacala e-UAE, inqobo nje uma engadluleli emacaleni amabi kakhulu. Izijeziso zihlanganisa izinhlawulo, ukuvalelwa ejele iminyaka engu-1-3, kanye/noma ukudingiswa kwabavela kwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe ebucayini.
Amacala E-Misdemeanor Asingathwa Kanjani Ezinkantolo Ze-UAE?
- Ukuboshwa Nophenyo: Uma umuntu esolwa ngokwenza ubugebengu, angaboshwa amaphoyisa endawo. Izikhulu zomthetho zibe seziqala inqubo yophenyo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqoqwa kobufakazi endaweni yesigameko, ukubuza noma yibaphi ofakazi, kanye nokuthatha izitatimende kummangalelwa kanye nakulowo ongummangali.
- Izindleko ezifakiwe: Uma uphenyo seluphothuliwe, ihhovisi lezokushushiswa komphakathi licubungula kahle bonke ubufakazi nolwazi oluqoqiwe. Uma bebona ukuthi kunezizathu ezanele zokushushisa, amacala asemthethweni avulelwa ummangalelwa.
- Izinyathelo Zenkantolo: Icala libe selidluliselwa enkantolo efanelekile - kungaba yiNkantolo ye-Misdemeanor uma isigwebo esingaba khona singaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ejele, noma iNkantolo YokuQala ngamaphutha amakhulu. Ummangalelwa uyalivuma icala noma akanacala.
- Isivivinyo: Uma kwenzeka ummangalelwa eliphika icala, kuhlelwa ukuqulwa kwecala lapho bobabili abashushisi kanye nokuzivikela benikezwa ithuba lokwethula ubufakazi babo nezimpikiswano phambi kwejaji. Abamangalelwa abangaphandle banelungelo lokufinyelela kubahumushi basenkantolo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bayakuqonda konke ukuqulwa kwamacala.
- Isiqinisekiso: Ngemva kokulalela bonke ubufakazi kanye nokukala ubufakazi obuvela nhlangothi zombili, ijaji lihlola icala bese likhipha isinqumo - unecala noma akanacala emacaleni athile okungalungile.
- Isigwebo: Uma ummangalelwa etholakala enecala lokungalungi, ijaji linquma inhlawulo ngokomthetho we-Federal Law No. 3 Penal Code we-UAE. Izijeziso zingabandakanya izinhlawulo, ukubhadla ejele iminyaka emi-3, ukudingiswa kwabahlali abangaphandle abalahlwe amacala e-UAE, noma inhlanganisela.
- Inqubo Yezikhalazo: Kokubili abashushisi bomphakathi kanye nomuntu olahlwe yicala banelungelo elingokomthetho lokukhalaza ngesinqumo secala kanye/noma ukuqina kwesigwebo ezinkantolo eziphakeme njengeNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala kanye neNkantolo Yomthetho uma bephikisana nesinqumo senkantolo sokuqala.
Yiziphi Izijeziso Zamacala E-Misdemeanor e-Dubai?
Amacala e-Misdemeanor e-Dubai ashushiswa ngaphansi kwe-UAE's Federal Law No. 3 ka-1987 ku-Penal Code. Izijeziso ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobugebengu obuthile kanye nobukhulu balo, kodwa azikwazi ukweqa iminyaka engu-3 ejele ngokuvumelana nencazelo engokomthetho yamacala angalungile.
Izijeziso zezezimali ngendlela yenhlawulo zingesinye sezijeziso ezivame kakhulu zamacala amancane e-Dubai. Isibonelo, inhlawulo efinyelela ku-AED 2,000 ingakhokhiswa ubugebengu obunjengokudakwa komphakathi noma ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanele. Amacala abucayi kakhulu njengokweba izinto ezincane angase abangele izinhlawulo zifinyelele ku-AED 10,000 noma ngaphezulu kuye ngevelu yezimpahla ezintshontshiwe.
Imibandela yasejele nayo inqunyelwe ukugwetshwa ngokungafanele ezinkantolo zaseDubai. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yethrafikhi njengokushayela budedengu, ukushayela ngaphandle kwelayisensi, noma ukukhipha amasheke agqagqene kungaholela ekuboshweni okusukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya onyakeni owodwa. Isijeziso sikhuphuka sifinyelele eminyakeni engu-1-1 ejele ngamacala anjengokushaya okuncane, ukuhlukumeza, ukuhlambalaza, noma ukwephula ubumfihlo.
Ukwengeza, ukuxoshwa kuyisijeziso esingaba khona esingangezelela inhlawulo noma isikhathi sokuboshwa kwabaphuma kwamanye amazwe abalahlwe amacala e-Dubai nakuyo yonke i-UAE. Izakhamuzi ezingokomthetho ezitholakala zinecala zingase zihoxiswe incwadi yazo yokuhlala futhi ziphindiselwe ezweni lakubo lapho zidonsa isigwebo sazo, kuye ngokubona kwamajaji.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izijeziso ezithile ezishiwo ngenhla ziyizibonelo ezifanele, kodwa izinhlawulo zangempela zingahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile nezimo zecala elingalungile njengoba kunqunywe izinkantolo ze-UAE.
Yiziphi ezinye ze-Common Misdemeanor Cases e-UAE?
Kusukela ebugebengwini obuncane kuya emacaleni okuphazamisa umphakathi, iziphambeko e-UAE zihlanganisa ukwephulwa kwezomthetho okuhlukahlukene okumbalwa. Nazi ezinye zezigameko zokungalungi ezivame ukwenzeka ezweni:
- Ukwebiwa okuncane (kwezimpahla/izinkonzo ezinenani elingaphansi kwe-AED 1,000)
- Ukudakwa esidlangalaleni
- Ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanele ezindaweni zomphakathi
- Amacala okushaya amancane angenazo izici eziba sibi
- Ukuhlukumeza, ukuthukwa noma ukwehliswa isithunzi
- Ukwephula impahla yabanye
- Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo njengokushayela budedengu, ukushayela ngaphandle kwelayisensi
- Ikhipha amasheke abhampisiwe
- Ukwephulwa kobumfihlo noma amacala obugebengu be-inthanethi
- Ukudayisa ngomzimba noma ukucela
- Ukulahla udoti noma izenzo eziphambene nenhlanzeko yomphakathi
- Amacala abandakanya ukwephulwa kokwethenjwa noma ukukhishwa kwamasheke angahlonishwa
- Ukucela noma ukufuna iminikelo ngaphandle kwemvume
- Izingozi ezidala ukulimala okungatheni ngenxa yobudedengu
Uyini Umehluko phakathi kwe-Misdemeanor kanye ne-Felony emthethweni we-UAE?
| Amapharamitha | Iphutha | Felony |
|---|---|---|
| Incazelo | Amacala obugebengu abucayi kakhulu | Amacala obugebengu abucayi nabucayi |
| Ukwahlukanisa | Kuvezwe ku-UAE Federal Penal Code | Kuvezwe ku-UAE Federal Penal Code |
| I-Degree of Harm | Izinga eliphansi ngokuqhathaniswa lodlame, ukulahlekelwa yimali noma usongo emphakathini | Izinga eliphakeme lodlame, ukulahlekelwa yimali noma ukusongela abantu/umphakathi |
| Izibonelo | Ukweba okuncane, ukushaya okuncane, ukudakwa esidlangalaleni, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo, ukuhlola okubhampintshiwe | Ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukuthumba, ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuphanga kuhlonyiwe, ukuhlasela okubi |
| Isijeziso esiphezulu | Kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3 ejele | Ukuboshwa iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 kube udilikajele noma isigwebo sentambo kwezinye izimo |
| Izinhlawulo | Izijeziso zezimali eziphansi | Izijeziso zezezimali eziphakeme kakhulu |
| Izijeziso ezengeziwe | Ukudingiswa okungenzeka kwabakwamanye amazwe | Ukudingiswa okungaba khona kwabakwamanye amazwe kanye nezinye izenzo zokujezisa |
| Ukuphatha Inkantolo | Inkantolo Engalungile noma Inkantolo Yokuqala | Izinkantolo eziphakeme njengeNkantolo YokuQala, Inkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala kuye ngobunzima |
| I-Gravity of Offence | Amacala abucayi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa | Ubugebengu obubi kakhulu nobuyingozi obuyingozi enkulu |
Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi abenzi bokubi bahlanganisa ukwephulwa kwemithetho emincane ngokuqhathaniswa nezijeziso eziphansi ezibekiwe, kuyilapho amacala angamacala amakhulu aholela ezijezisweni ezinzima ngaphansi kwemithetho yobugebengu ye-UAE.
Ingabe Ukwehliswa Isithunzi kuthathwa njenge-Misdemeanor noma I-Felony Offense e-UAE?
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlambalaza kubhekwa njengecala elingalungile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimo ezinjengokuhlambalaza abantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano ngokunyundela (izitatimende ezikhulunywayo ezihlambalazayo) noma inhlamba (izitatimende ezibhaliwe ezihlambalazayo). Ngenkathi ukuhlambalaza kwe-misdemeanor kunezinhlawulo, ngokuvamile azinzima kakhulu.
Nokho, ukuhlambalaza kungase kuphakanyiswe kube icala elibi ezimweni ezithile. Uma ukuhlambalaza kuqondiswe esisebenzini sikahulumeni, esikhungweni sikahulumeni, noma uma kuhilela ukumangalela othile ngamanga ngokwenza ubugebengu obungathi sína, kuthathwa njengecala. Amacala okuhlambalaza i-Felony aphathwa kanzima kakhulu, nemiphumela engaba khona kuhlanganise nokuboshwa.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi imithetho yokwehliswa kwesithunzi isetshenziswa ngokuqinile e-UAE. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho wenza izitatimende noma ushicilela okuqukethwe okungabhekwa njengokwehlisa isithunzi. Ngihlole ngokucophelela futhi ngaqinisekisa lolu lwazi emithonjeni esemthethweni ye-UAE ukuze ngiqinisekise ukunemba.
