Emsebenzini ukulimala ziyiqiniso elineshwa elingase libe nomthelela omkhulu kukho kokubili abasebenzi futhi abaqashi. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngokubukezwa okujwayelekile indawo yokusebenzela ukulimala izimbangela, amasu okuvimbela, kanye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha nokuxazulula izigameko lapho zenzeka. Ngokuhlela okuthile nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo, amabhizinisi anganciphisa ubungozi futhi enze kube lula, ukukhiqiza kakhudlwana umsebenzi izindawo.
Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokulimala Kwasemsebenzini
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamandla ingozi futhi ukulimala izingozi ezikhona kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzi. Ukuqaphela lokhu kungasiza ukuqondisa imizamo yokuvimbela. Common izinkinga zihlanganisa:
- Iziliphu, uhambo nokuwa – Ukuchitheka, iphansi eliminyene, izibani ezingezinhle
- Ukuphakamisa ukulimala - Izindlela zokuphatha ngesandla ezingalungile
- Ukulimala kokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe – Ukugoba njalo, ukusonteka
- Ukulimala okuhlobene nomshini - Ukuntuleka kokuqapha, ukukhiya okungafanele
- Ukushayisana kwezimoto – Ukushayela okuphazamisekile, ukukhathala
- Udlame lwasemsebenzini - Ukuxabana ngokomzimba, ukuhlasela kuhlonyiwe
Izindleko kanye nemithelela yokulimala emsebenzini
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela ecacile yomuntu, ukulimala emsebenzini futhi ilethe izindleko nemiphumela yakho kokubili abasebenzi futhi amabhizinisi. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Izindleko zokwelashwa – Ukwelashwa, izimali zesibhedlela, imithi
- Ukukhiqiza okulahlekile - Ukulova, ukulahlekelwa abasebenzi abanamakhono
- Amaphrimiyamu aphezulu omshwalense – Izinga lokunxeshezelwa kwabasebenzi liyakhuphuka
- Imali yezomthetho - Uma izimangalo noma izingxabano zifakiwe
- Izindleko zokuqasha – Ukushintsha abasebenzi abalimele
- Izinhlawulo kanye nokwephulwa kwemithetho – Ngemithetho yezokuphepha eyehlulekayo
Ukuvimbela izingozi ngaphambili kubalulekile ukugwema le miphumela emibi futhi ugcine ukukhiqiza, ukuphepha umsebenzi imvelo.
Izibopho Zomthetho Zezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini
Kunezibopho zomthetho ezicacile nxazonke impilo nokuphepha emsebenzini okuhloswe ngayo ukuvikela abasebenzi kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvimbela ukulimala. Ezindaweni eziningi, lezi zibopho ziwela phezu abaqashi kanye nabaphathi. Ezinye izimfuneko ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ukwenza ingozi ukuhlolwa kanye nokunciphisa izingozi
- Ukuhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo zokuphepha, izinqubo kanye ukuqeqeshwa
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kokuzivikela komuntu siqu imishini
- Ukubika nokuqopha izingozi emsebenzini
- Ukusiza ukubuyela emsebenzini kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zibopho kungaholela ezinhlawulweni zokulawula, ukwephulwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye namacala angaba khona uma ukulimala amacala awaphathwa kahle.
“Umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kunawo wonke ibhizinisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha of it abasebenzi.” - UHenry Ford
Ukuhlakulela Isiko Lokuphepha Eliqinile
Ukusungula isiko lokuphepha eliqinile lidlulela ngalé kwezinqubomgomo ezisemthethweni futhi kuhlola izidingo zebhokisi. Kudinga ukubonisa ukunakekelwa kweqiniso abasebenzi inhlalakahle kanye nokusekela lokhu kwezenzo zokuphatha ezihlanganisa:
- Ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana okuvulekile mayelana nokuphepha
- Ukuqhuba imihlangano yezokuphepha ejwayelekile kanye nokuhlangana
- Ukukhuthaza ukubikwa kokulimala kanye nokwenza izinto obala
- Ukukhuthaza ukuhlonza izingozi nokuphakamisa intuthuko
- Sibungaza ama-milestone zokuphepha nezimpumelelo
Lokhu kusiza ukuhlanganyela abasebenzi, uthole ukuthengwa ukuze uqinise ukuziphatha okuphephile, futhi uthuthukise njalo indawo yokusebenzela.
Amasu aphezulu Okuvimbela Ukulimala
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ihlanganisa amasu ahlukahlukene aklanywe ngendlela ethile indawo yokusebenzela izingozi. Common izingxenye zohlelo oluphelele lokuvimbela zihlanganisa:
1. Ukuhlola Ukuphepha Okuvamile
- Hlola izinsiza, imishini, izindawo zokuphuma, izibani nezindawo zokugcina
- Buyekeza idatha yesigameko sokuphepha namathrendi okulimala
- Khomba ubungozi, ukwephulwa kwekhodi, noma ukukhathazeka okuvelayo
- Kumele abasebenzi bezempilo nezokuphepha bahlole izici zobuchwepheshe ezengeziwe
2. Izinqubomgomo Nezinqubo Ezibhaliwe Eziqinile
- Chaza izinqubo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa imishini
- Hlela izinqubo zokunciphisa izingozi
- Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuyisibopho kumazinga
- Buyekeza njalo njengoba imithethonqubo noma imikhuba ehamba phambili ishintsha
3. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi Okuphumelelayo
- Ukugibela kanye nokuqondiswa kokuqashwa okusha okuzungeze amaphrothokholi okuphepha
- Imiyalelo eqondile yemishini, izinto eziyingozi, izimoto
- Izivuseleli zezinqubomgomo, izehlakalo ezintsha, okutholakele ekuhlolweni
4. Ukuphepha Nokuqapha Komshini
- Faka izithiyo nonogada eduze kwemishini eyingozi
- Sebenzisa izinqubo ze-lock out tag out zokulungiswa
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuvalwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kubhalwe ngokucacile futhi kuyasebenza
5. Nikeza Ngezisetshenziswa Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwengozi ukuze ubone izidingo
- Nikeza ngezinto ezinjengomakalabha, amagilavu, ama-respirators, ukuvikela ukuzwa
- Qeqesha abasebenzi ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kanye nohlelo lokushintshwa
6. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ergonomic kanye Nokuthuthukiswa
- Yiba nama-ergonomists aqeqeshiwe ahlole ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza
- Khomba izingozi zezinkinga, ama-sprains, ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe
- Sebenzisa amadeski ezihlalo/amatafula, qapha izingalo, ukushintsha izihlalo
"Azikho izindleko ongazibeka empilweni yomuntu." – H. Ross Perot
Ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kuvikela kokubili impilo yabasebenzi futhi ibhizinisi uqobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside.
Izinyathelo Zokuphendula Ngokushesha Zokulimala Kwasemsebenzini
Uma i ingozi kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuphendula ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Izinyathelo zokuqala ezibalulekile zifaka:
1. Yiya Eqenjini Elimele
- Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma kudingeka
- Phatha usizo lokuqala kuphela uma ufanelekile
- Unganyakazi isisebenzi esilimele ngaphandle uma sibucayi
2. Vikela Indawo
- Vimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe ukuthi kungenzeki
- Thatha izithombe/amanothi wendawo yengozi ngaphambi kokuhlanza
3. Bika phezulu
- Yazisa umphathi ukuze kuthunyelwe usizo
- Khomba noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokulungisa ezidingekayo
4. Qedela Umbiko Wesigameko
- Rekhoda imininingwane ebalulekile ngenkathi amaqiniso esesemasha
- Vumela ofakazi banikeze izitatimende ezibhaliwe
5. Funa Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo
- Hlela ezokuthutha ezifanelekayo eziya esibhedlela/kudokotela
- Ungavumeli isisebenzi sizishayele sona silimele
- Nikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kokulandelela
Ukwazisa Umshwalense Wezinxephezelo Zabasebenzi
Ngokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi okudinga ukwelashwa, isaziso somshuwalense osheshayo siyadingeka ngokomthetho, ngokuvamile phakathi namahora angu-24. Nikeza imininingwane yokuqala njenge:
- Igama lesisebenzi nedatha yokuxhumana
- Igama lomphathi/umphathi kanye nenombolo
- Incazelo yokulimala nengxenye yomzimba
- Usuku, indawo kanye nesikhathi sesigameko
- Izenzo ezithathiwe kuze kube manje (ezokuthutha, usizo lokuqala)
Ukusebenzisana nophenyo lomshwalense nokuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti asekelayo kuyisihluthulelo sokucutshungulwa kwesimangalo ngesikhathi.
Ukuqhuba Uphenyo Ngezimbangela
Ukuhlaziya izizathu eziyisisekelo zokuphepha emsebenzini izigameko inikeza imininingwane engathathelwa izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukuphindeka. Izinyathelo kufanele zifake:
- Ukuhlola imishini, izinto zokwakha, i-PPE ehilelekile
- kokuxoxa nentsha isisebenzi esilimele kanye nofakazi ngokwehlukana
- Iyabukeza izinqubomgomo ezikhona kanye nezinqubo zomsebenzi
- Ukuthola Ukuthi izikhala, imikhuba ephelelwe yisikhathi, ukuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa
- Ukubhala amadokhumenti okutholwe ngophenyo emibikweni
- Ukubuyekeza amazinga nezilawuli ngokufanele
Ukwembula izimbangela, ngisho nokuphuthelwa okuseduze noma imicimbi emincane, kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha okuqhubekayo esikhathini eside.
Ukusekela Ukutholwa Kwabasebenzi Abalimele Nokubuyela Emsebenzini
Ukusiza abasebenzi abalimele ngezinqubo zezokwelapha kanye nokuvuselela kukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa nokukhiqiza. Imikhuba emihle ihlanganisa:
1. Ukuqoka umuntu oyiphuzu - ukuxhumanisa ukunakekelwa, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukusiza ngamaphepha
2. Ukuhlola imisebenzi eshintshiwe - ukuze unike amandla ukubuyela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi emsebenzini ngemikhawulo
3. Ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezokuthutha - uma ungakwazi ukuhamba ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokulimala
4. Ukunikeza ukuguquguquka - ukuhambela ama-aphoyintimenti ngaphandle kwesijeziso
5. Ukuvikela ukuphakama kanye nezinzuzo - ngezikhathi zekhefu lokwelashwa
Inqubo esekelayo, yokuxhumana egxile ku isisebenzi idinga ukululama ngesivinini futhi ibuyele kumthamo ogcwele uma ikwazi.
Ukuvimbela Ukuphindeka kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo
Sonke isigameko sinikeza ukufunda ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuphepha. Izinyathelo kufanele zifake:
- Iyaphinda izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezikhona
- Ukubuyekeza ukuhlolwa kobungozi okusekelwe ezindabeni ezintsha ezihlonziwe
- Ukuqabula okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi lapho kuvele khona izikhala zolwazi
- Ukubandakanya abasebenzi ukuze uthole iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha
- Ukulinganisa izinqubo ukuze abaqashi abasha bafunde kahle
Ukuphepha emsebenzini kudinga ukukhuthala nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo ukuphendula ngokushintsha ukusebenza, imithethonqubo, amathuluzi nabasebenzi.
Izisekelo Zohlelo Lokuphepha
Ngenkathi ngayinye indawo yokusebenzela ibhekene nezingozi eziyingqayizivele, ezinye izici eziyisisekelo zisebenza kuwo wonke amaphrothokholi asebenzayo okuphepha okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuhlonza ingozi – ngokuhlola kanye nokubika
- Ukuhlola ubungozi – ukuhlola amathuba kanye nokuqina
- Izindinganiso ezibhaliwe - izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezicacile, ezilinganisekayo
- Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha - ukugibela kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhono okuqhubekayo
- Ukulungiswa kwemishini - ukugcinwa kokuvimbela kanye nokushintshwa
- Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi - ukulandelela izehlakalo, izenzo zokulungisa
- Isiko lokunakekela - isimo sezulu sasemsebenzini sigxile empilweni yabasebenzi
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinsika njengesiqondiso, izinhlangano zingakha izixazululo eziphelele ezihambisana nenjongo yazo imvelo.
“Ukuphepha nokukhiqiza kuyahambisana. Ngeke ukwazi ukutshala imali kwezokuphepha.” - Isikhulu esiphezulu seDuPont uCharles Holliday
Lapho Kudingeka Usizo Olwengeziwe
Ngezehlakalo ezibucayi kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile bungasiza amaqembu angaphakathi okuhlanganisa:
- Iseluleko sezomthetho - ngezingxabano, ukukhathazeka ngesikweletu, ukuphathwa kwezicelo
- Ongoti bezinxephezelo zabasebenzi – ukusiza ngezinqubo zomshwalense
- Ama-hygienists ezimbonini – hlola amakhemikhali, umsindo, ubungozi bezinga lomoya
- Ama-ergonomists - hlola ukucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezici zokuzikhandla ngokweqile
- Abeluleki bezokuphepha kwezokwakha - hlola iziza, izindaba zemishini
- Abeluleki bezokuphepha - nikeza isiqondiso ngodlame, ubungozi bokweba
Ukuthepha imibono yangaphandle, ezimele kungasikhanyisela ezintweni ezinganakiwe kanye nendawo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphepha.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izibopho zami ezingokomthetho mayelana nokubika ukulimala emsebenzini?
- Iziphathimandla eziningi zidinga ukubika izehlakalo ezinzima ezihilela ukulaliswa esibhedlela noma ukufa kuziphathimandla ezifanele zezempilo nokuphepha phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe. Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi kanye nezinqubo zokubika zangaphakathi nazo ziyasebenza.
Yini eyenza uhlelo oluphumelelayo lokubuyela emsebenzini?
- Imisebenzi eshintshiwe esekelwe emikhawulweni yezokwelapha, abaxhumanisi abamisiwe, ukuguquguquka phakathi kwama-aphoyintimenti, nokuvikela abadala/izinzuzo ngesikhathi sekhefu lokwelashwa. Umgomo uwukwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza nokululama kanyekanye.
Kufanele ngibuyekeze kangaki izinqubomgomo zami zokuphepha zasemsebenzini?
- Ngonyaka okungenani, kanye nanoma yisiphi isikhathi izinqubo zengezwa noma zishintshwa, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi amasha, ukuguqulwa kwezinto, noma izigameko zokuphepha zenzeka. Inhloso iwukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo ukuze kuhambisane namaqiniso okusebenza.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso engingase ngizidinge ukuze ngifake umeluleki wezomthetho mayelana nokulimala?
- Uma izingxabano ziphakama mayelana nembangela yokulimala, ubukhali, isinxephezelo esifanele, noma izinsolo zokunganaki kwezokuphepha noma isikweletu. Amacala ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa unomphela, ukufa noma izinhlawulo zokulawula nawo avame ukuhlomula ngobuchwepheshe bezomthetho.
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