Brionnú refers to the crime of falsifying a document, signature, banknote, artwork, or other item in order to deceive others. It is a serious criminal offense that can result in significant legal penalties. This article provides an in-depth examination of various forms of forgery recognized under UAE law, the corresponding legal provisions, and the severe punishments that await those found guilty of such offenses.
What is the Definition of Forgery under UAE Law?
Brionnú is é an próiseas a bhaineann le réada nó doiciméid a dhéanamh, a oiriúnú nó aithris a dhéanamh orthu agus é ar intinn mheabhlaireachta. Baineann sé le rud éigin bréagach a chruthú chun buntáiste a fháil. Áirítear leis seo airgead a ghóchumadh, saothair falsa ealaíne a chruthú, sínithe a chruthú ar pháipéarachas dlíthiúil, seiceanna a athrú chun airgead a ghoid, agus rudaí mealltacha eile. gníomhaíochtaí. It is defined under Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) in Article 216.
Tá roinnt príomhghnéithe ann a dhéanann idirdhealú ginearálta ar bhrionnú agus ar chóipeanna:
- Intinn calaois a dhéanamh nó meabhlú – Cruthaítear brionnuithe le drochintinn seachas le haghaidh atáirgeadh dlisteanach.
- Léiriú bréagach – Maíonn brionnóirí go bhfuil a gcuid oibre dlisteanach nó gur chruthaigh duine éigin eile iad.
- Athrú luacha – Déantar athruithe chun luach a mhéadú nó buntáiste éigin a chruthú.
Roinnt samplaí coitianta de mhíreanna a ndírítear orthu brionnóirí include contracts, checks, currency, identification documents, historical artifacts, artworks, collectibles, and financial transaction records. The key point is that forgery usually involves official legal documents or instruments. Not every imitation qualifies as forgery – only those involving legal/money records falsified illegally.
What are the Different Types of Forgery Recognized in UAE?
Tá roinnt teicníochtaí a úsáidtear a chruthú brionglóidí ag brath ar an gcineál míre atá á fhalsú. I measc na gcineálacha coitianta brionnú tá:
Brionnú Doiciméad
Is éard atá i gceist leis seo ná doiciméid bhréige a chruthú nó faisnéis ar dhoiciméid dhlisteanacha a athrú chun críocha calaoiseacha. I measc na spriocanna coitianta tá:
- Doiciméid aitheantais – Ceadúnais tiomána, pasanna, cártaí leasa shóisialaigh.
- Doiciméid airgeadais – Seiceálacha, orduithe íocaíochta, iarratais ar iasachtaí.
- Páipéarachas dlíthiúil – Conarthaí, uachtanna, gníomhais, taifid na mac léinn.
I measc na dteicnící tipiciúla góchumadh, ionadú leathanach, téacs nua a leagan thar dhoiciméid dhílis, faisnéis a scriosadh nó a chur leis, sínithe ó dhoiciméid eile a rianú.
Brionnú Síniú
Brionnú sínithe dírítear go sonrach ar ainm uathúil lámhscríofa duine a fhalsú. I measc na spriocanna coitianta tá:
- Seiceálacha – Méid a athrú, ainm an íocaí, nó síniú tarraiceán a chruthú.
- Doiciméid dhlíthiúla – Sínithe a bhrionnú ar uachtanna, conarthaí, gníomhais.
- Físeáin – Sínithe bréige a chur leis chun luach a mhéadú.
- Míreanna stairiúla – Míreanna a chur i leith daoine cáiliúla go bréagach.
Forgers foghlaim conas aithris chúramach a dhéanamh ar ghnéithe mar chruthanna litreacha, rithimí pinn, ord stróc agus brú.
Góchumadh
Góchumadh Is éard atá i gceist leis seo ná macasamhla bréige d’earraí luachmhara a dhéanamh d’fhonn calaois a dhéanamh ar ghnóthaí agus ar thomhaltóirí. I measc na spriocanna tá:
- airgeadra – An chuid is mó góchumtha – billí $100 sna SA. Suas le $70 milliún i gcúrsaíocht.
- Earraí só – Déantar éadaí dearthóirí, uaireadóirí, jewelry a chóipeáil.
- Cártaí creidmheasa / dochair – Is féidir iad a mhacasamhlú le sonraí goidte.
- ticéid - Taisteal falsa, ticéid imeachta díolta ar líne.
Cruthaíonn printéirí sofaisticiúla agus gnéithe slándála nua góchumadh nua-aimseartha an-diongbháilte.
Brionnú Ealaíne
Brionnú ealaíne tagraíonn sé seo do shaothair a chruthú atá cosúil le saothair ealaíontóirí clúiteacha agus iad a chur i láthair mar bhunphéintéireachtaí nó deilbh. I measc na n-chúiseanna tá gradam, bailíochtú, agus brabúis ollmhóra ó bhailitheoirí díograiseacha ealaíne atá sásta suimeanna ollmhóra a íoc as píosaí neamhchoitianta caillte.
Forgers blianta a thiomnú ag déanamh taighde ar ábhair, teicnící agus stíleanna ealaíontóirí. Tá tallann ealaíonta nach beag ag go leor acu féin, ag déanamh staidéir chúramach ar phatrúin stróc, ar scuab-obair, ar phatrúin péinte craquelure agus ar mhacasamhlú bréige a d’fhéadfadh na saineolaithe is fearr a mhealladh.
Brionnú Meán Digiteach
Mar gheall ar dhul chun cinn sa teicneolaíocht is féidir na meáin dhigiteacha a fhalsú lena n-áirítear íomhánna, físeáin, fuaime, láithreáin ghréasáin agus go leor eile. An t-ardú de deepfakes léiríonn sé teicnící cumhachtacha AI-tiomáinte chun físeáin bhréige áititheacha a chruthú de dhaoine ag déanamh nó ag rá rudaí nach ndearna siad riamh.
I measc na dteicnící coitianta eile tá íomhánna photoshopping, ionramháil clipeanna fuaime, spoofing láithreáin ghréasáin, athrú doiciméid scanta, nó monarú screenshots agus lógónna. Is féidir iad seo a úsáid le haghaidh clúmhilleadh, faisnéis mhícheart, ionsaithe fioscaireachta, goid céannachta agus camscéimeanna ar líne.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery is a specific type of forgery that involves the unauthorized creation, replication, or alteration of official seals or stamps used by government entities, organizations, or businesses. These seals serve as a means of validating the authenticity and legitimacy of important documents, contracts, certificates, and other official records.
The gravity of seal forgery lies in its potential to undermine the credibility and integrity of these essential documents. By creating counterfeit seals or modifying existing ones, perpetrators can produce forged documents that appear genuine, potentially leading to legal, financial, or reputational consequences for individuals or organizations.
What is the difference Between Forgery and Falsification?
| Gné | Brionnú | Falsú |
|---|---|---|
| Sainmhíniú | Creating a false document, object or imitation from scratch with intent to deceive or defraud, as defined in Article 216 of the UAE Penal Code. | Altering or tampering with an originally genuine document or object in order to misrepresent facts, as per Article 215. |
| Samplaí | Counterfeiting currency, fake university degrees, forged artwork, false identities or signatures. | Modifying official reports, changing contract terms, adulterating product labels or specifications. |
| Intinn | Clear intent to deceive by creating something completely false. | Intent to misrepresent the truth by altering genuine items. |
| Pionóis | Temporary imprisonment and/or fine. For expatriates, deportation may apply in some cases. | Detention, fine and/or deportation depending on severity. Harsher for public officials. |
| Comórtas | If falsification occurs during the forgery process, both crimes are punishable separately. | If forgery is part of the falsification process, both are considered one crime with combined penalty. |
| díolúintí | Some exemptions for artworks, satire or when no fraudulent intent. | Very limited exemptions apply. |
| Other Crimes | Often linked to fraud, using forged documents, etc. | May also involve abuse of office or other violations. |
The main distinction is that forgery starts from scratch to create something completely false, while falsification deceitfully modifies genuine documents or objects. UAE laws address both crimes severely to uphold integrity.
What are the Punishments for Forgery in UAE?
Forgery offenses in the UAE are dealt with sternly, and penalties can be severe based on the type of crime committed. Here are the potential punishments for selected forgery offenses:
Brionnú Doiciméad
- For official documents: Temporary jail time up to 10 years (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- For unofficial documents: Court-determined imprisonment, less severe than official document forgery
- Using forged document copies: Up to 5 years behind bars (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Brionnú Síniú
- Replicating signatures on documents falls under the punishments for document forgery crimes
Góchumadh
- Counterfeiting currency is considered highly disruptive to the financial system
- Harsh sentences including lengthy imprisonment and steep fines apply
Brionnú Ealaíne
- Penalties vary based on the value of the forged artwork and intent (deceiving buyers, tarnishing artist’s reputation)
- Can range from monetary fines to incarceration, depending on the specifics
Brionnú Meán Digiteach
- Under Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Forging federal/local govt electronic documents: Temporary jail time and AED 150,000-750,000 fine
- Forging documents of other entities: Detention and/or AED 100,000-300,000 fine
Seal Forgery
- Considered part of document forgery offenses
- Subject to the punishments outlined for document forgery crimes
It’s clear the UAE takes a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of forgery, with penalties aimed at preventing such unlawful acts that undermine authenticity and trust.
Forgeries a Chosc
Chun teagmhais chalaoise a laghdú tá gá le cosc cuimsitheach, cisealta dírithe ar:
Doiciméid a Dhaingniú
- Stóráil earraí íogaire go slán – sábháilteáin, boscaí glasála, tiomántáin criptithe.
- Teorainn a chur le rochtain fhisiciúil/digiteach le hoifigí faoi ghlas, polasaithe pasfhocail.
- Fostú ceamaraí faireachais, aláraim, pearsanra slándála.
Teicneolaíocht Fíordheimhnithe
- Bithmhéadracht – méarloirg, aithint aghaidhe agus inteachán.
- Blockchain – mórleabhar dáilte le haghaidh idirbhearta digiteacha.
- Sínithe digiteacha – aitheantóirí criptithe a fhíoraíonn barántúlacht.
Oideachas Úsáideoirí
- Pearsanra a oiliúint chun an láthair brionglóidí – doiciméid athraithe, comhartha uisce, comharthaí fíorúcháin a shainaithint.
- Feachtais feasachta calaoise a chur chun cinn a mhíníonn rioscaí agus beartais um chosc.
Fostú Cúramach
- Déan tréanfhiosrúchán críochnúil ar phearsanra sula ndeonaítear rochtain ar dhoiciméid nó ar chúrsaí airgeadais.
- Déan seiceálacha cúlra coiriúla, seiceálacha creidmheasa, fíorú fostaíochta.
Teicnící Braite Brionnú
Úsáideann imscrúdaitheoirí agus doiciméad roinnt teicnící fóiréinseacha scrúdaitheoirí chun a chinneadh an bhfuil míreanna fíor nó brionglóidí:
- Anailís lámhscríbhneoireachta – Clónna, slants, patrúin stróc, brú agus nósanna sínithe a chur i gcomparáid.
- Anailís páipéir – Staidéar ar chomharthaí uisce, lógónna, comhdhéanamh ceimiceach agus ailíniú snáithíní.
- Fíorú dúch – Dath a thástáil, comhdhéanamh ceimiceach, tiús comhthiomsaithe.
- Íomháú – Micreascóip, speictriméadracht, tástálacha ESDA agus bogearraí íomháithe ríomhaire.
Lámhscríbhneoireacht agus doiciméad saineolaithe dul faoi oiliúint fhairsing chun anailís chórasach a dhéanamh ar shaintréithe scríbhneoireachta agus ar ghnéithe slándála móideim. Soláthraíonn siad tuairiscí mionsonraithe ar a gcuid scrúduithe agus tátail maidir le barántúlacht.
Maidir le mórshaothair ealaíne a chosnaíonn na céadta mílte nó saothair le bunáitíocht amhrasach, úsáideann úinéirí anailís eolaíoch chun bunús a fhíordheimhniú agus chun acmhainneacht a aimsiú. brionglóidí. Seiceálann tástálacha ábhair, sraitheanna de shalachar aoise agus grime, stampaí canbháis, dátú raidió-iseatóp agus speictreascópacht infridhearg deighleog ag scrúdú sraitheanna iolracha péinte.
What is the Procedure for Filing a Forgery Case in Dubai?
If you suspect that you are a victim of forgery in Dubai, you can file a case with the Dubai Police. The first step is to go to the nearest police station and file an official complaint. Be prepared to provide details about the incident, any evidence you may have, such as forged documents or objects, and any information about the suspected perpetrator(s).
After lodging the complaint, the police will investigate the matter thoroughly. They may request additional documentation or evidence from you, and may also summon the accused for questioning. Depending on the complexity of the case, the investigation process can take some time.
Once the police have gathered sufficient evidence, they will forward the case to the Public Prosecution. The prosecutor will then review the case and decide whether to press charges or not. If charges are filed, the case will proceed to the Dubai Courts, where it will be tried according to the UAE’s laws on forgery. It’s advisable to seek legal counsel to guide you through the judicial process.
How a Specialized Lawyer can help?
Navigating a forgery case in the UAE can be an intricate and daunting process, given the serious nature of the offense and the complexities involved in the country’s legal system. Seeking assistance from a lawyer who specializes in handling forgery cases can prove to be invaluable in such situations.
A specialized lawyer will possess in-depth knowledge and a thorough understanding of the relevant laws, court procedures, and evidentiary requirements specific to forgery offenses. They can provide expert guidance on building a strong case, gathering and presenting evidence effectively, and representing you competently in court. Their familiarity with the nuances of such cases can be crucial in formulating the right legal strategies.
Moreover, an experienced forgery lawyer can offer valuable insights into the potential outcomes and consequences of the case, enabling you to make informed decisions. They can also negotiate with the authorities on your behalf, advocate for your rights, and ensure that the legal process is fair and transparent. Their expertise in handling similar cases can significantly increase your chances of achieving a favorable resolution.
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