Kev Kev dag refers to the crime of falsifying a document, signature, banknote, artwork, or other item in order to deceive others. It is a serious criminal offense that can result in significant legal penalties. This article provides an in-depth examination of various forms of forgery recognized under UAE law, the corresponding legal provisions, and the severe punishments that await those found guilty of such offenses.
What is the Definition of Forgery under UAE Law?
Kev Kev dag yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim, hloov kho, lossis ua raws li cov khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub hom phiaj los dag. Nws suav nrog kev tsim ib yam dab tsi tsis tseeb txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no suav nrog cov nyiaj cuav, tsim cov duab kos duab cuav, kos npe kos npe rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, hloov cov tshev mus nyiag nyiaj, thiab lwm yam kev dag ntxias kev ua ub no. It is defined under Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) in Article 216.
Muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas feem ntau paub qhov txawv ntawm kev luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv luam lossis luam tawm:
- Lub hom phiaj los dag lossis dag - Cov ntaub ntawv cuav yog tsim los ntawm lub hom phiaj tsis zoo es tsis yog rau kev tsim tawm raug cai.
- Tus sawv cev cuav - Cov neeg foob yuav lees tias lawv txoj haujlwm raug cai lossis tsim los ntawm lwm tus.
- Kev hloov pauv tus nqi - Cov kev hloov pauv tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom tsom los ntawm forgers include contracts, checks, currency, identification documents, historical artifacts, artworks, collectibles, and financial transaction records. The key point is that forgery usually involves official legal documents or instruments. Not every imitation qualifies as forgery – only those involving legal/money records falsified illegally.
What are the Different Types of Forgery Recognized in UAE?
Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem siv los tsim kev dag ntxias nyob ntawm seb yam khoom uas raug dag. Feem ntau hom kev dag ntxias muaj xws li:
Document Forgery
Qhov no suav nrog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv cuav lossis hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug cai rau kev dag ntxias. Cov hom phiaj muaj xws li:
- Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj - Tsav tsheb daim ntawv tso cai, passports, social security cards.
- Cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag - Txheeb xyuas, them nyiaj xaj, thov qiv nyiaj.
- Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai - Cov ntawv cog lus, kev xav, kev ua, cov ntaub ntawv tub ntxhais kawm.
Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj xws li cuav, nplooj hloov pauv, tso cov ntawv tshiab tshaj cov ntaub ntawv tiag, tshem tawm lossis ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv, taug qab kos npe los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Kos Npe Forgery
Kos npe cuav tsom tshwj xeeb rau kev dag ib tus neeg lub npe sau nws tus kheej. Cov hom phiaj muaj xws li:
- Cov tshev mis - Hloov tus nqi, lub npe them nyiaj, lossis kos npe kos npe rau tub rau khoom.
- Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai - Forging kos npe rau ntawm lub siab nyiam, daim ntawv cog lus, deeds.
- artwork - Ntxiv cov kos npe cuav kom muaj nuj nqis.
- Cov khoom keeb kwm - Kev dag ntxias cov khoom rau cov duab nto moo.
Forgers kawm ua tib zoo xyaum ua tej yam xws li tsab ntawv, cwj mem rhythms, stroke order thiab siab.
Kev suav cuav
Kev suav cuav koom nrog ua cov khoom cuav ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig nrog lub hom phiaj rau kev dag ntxias cov lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Cov hom phiaj muaj xws li:
- txiaj - Feem ntau cov cuav - $ 100 daim nqi hauv Asmeskas. Txog li $70 lab ncig.
- Khoom kim heev - Designer khaub ncaws, watches, hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau luam.
- Cov credit / debit cards - tuaj yeem muab luam tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug nyiag.
- Daim pib - Kev mus ncig cuav, daim pib tshwm sim muag online.
Cov tshuab luam ntawv sophisticated thiab tshiab kev ruaj ntseg nta ua rau niaj hnub fakes heev convincing.
Art Forgery
Art cuav hais txog kev tsim cov haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab dhau los ua cov duab qub lossis cov duab puab. Cov kev xav muaj xws li koob meej, kev lees paub, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev los ntawm cov neeg nyiam kos duab txaus siab them nyiaj ntau rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, ploj.
Forgers mob siab rau xyoo tshawb fawb cov kws kos duab cov ntaub ntawv, cov tswv yim thiab cov qauv. Ntau tus muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau lawv tus kheej, ua tib zoo kawm cov qauv mob stroke, kev txhuam hniav, cov qauv pleev xim thiab rov ua cov khoom cuav uas tuaj yeem dag cov kws tshaj lij.
Digital Media Forgery
Kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis tau ua rau muaj kev dag ntxias cov xov xwm xws li cov duab, yees duab, suab, cov vev xaib thiab ntau dua. Qhov sawv ntawm deepfakes ua qauv qhia muaj zog AI-tsav cov tswv yim los tsim kom ntseeg tau cov yeeb yaj kiab cuav ntawm tib neeg ua lossis hais tej yam uas lawv tsis tau ua tiag tiag.
Lwm cov tswv yim muaj xws li cov duab photoshopping, tswj cov suab clips, spoofing websites, hloov cov ntaub ntawv scanned, los yog fabricating screenshots thiab logos. Cov no tuaj yeem siv rau kev hais lus phem, xov xwm tsis tseeb, phishing tawm tsam, tub sab nyiag tus kheej thiab kev dag ntxias online.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery is a specific type of forgery that involves the unauthorized creation, replication, or alteration of official seals or stamps used by government entities, organizations, or businesses. These seals serve as a means of validating the authenticity and legitimacy of important documents, contracts, certificates, and other official records.
The gravity of seal forgery lies in its potential to undermine the credibility and integrity of these essential documents. By creating counterfeit seals or modifying existing ones, perpetrators can produce forged documents that appear genuine, potentially leading to legal, financial, or reputational consequences for individuals or organizations.
What is the difference Between Forgery and Falsification?
| nam | Kev Kev dag | Kev dag |
|---|---|---|
| Lus txhais | Creating a false document, object or imitation from scratch with intent to deceive or defraud, as defined in Article 216 of the UAE Penal Code. | Altering or tampering with an originally genuine document or object in order to misrepresent facts, as per Article 215. |
| Piv txwv | Counterfeiting currency, fake university degrees, forged artwork, false identities or signatures. | Modifying official reports, changing contract terms, adulterating product labels or specifications. |
| Rau siab | Clear intent to deceive by creating something completely false. | Intent to misrepresent the truth by altering genuine items. |
| Kev nplua | Temporary imprisonment and/or fine. For expatriates, deportation may apply in some cases. | Detention, fine and/or deportation depending on severity. Harsher for public officials. |
| Sibtw | If falsification occurs during the forgery process, both crimes are punishable separately. | If forgery is part of the falsification process, both are considered one crime with combined penalty. |
| Kev zam | Some exemptions for artworks, satire or when no fraudulent intent. | Very limited exemptions apply. |
| Other Crimes | Often linked to fraud, using forged documents, etc. | May also involve abuse of office or other violations. |
The main distinction is that forgery starts from scratch to create something completely false, while falsification deceitfully modifies genuine documents or objects. UAE laws address both crimes severely to uphold integrity.
What are the Punishments for Forgery in UAE?
Forgery offenses in the UAE are dealt with sternly, and penalties can be severe based on the type of crime committed. Here are the potential punishments for selected forgery offenses:
Document Forgery
- For official documents: Temporary jail time up to 10 years (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- For unofficial documents: Court-determined imprisonment, less severe than official document forgery
- Using forged document copies: Up to 5 years behind bars (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Kos Npe Forgery
- Replicating signatures on documents falls under the punishments for document forgery crimes
Kev suav cuav
- Counterfeiting currency is considered highly disruptive to the financial system
- Harsh sentences including lengthy imprisonment and steep fines apply
Art Forgery
- Penalties vary based on the value of the forged artwork and intent (deceiving buyers, tarnishing artist’s reputation)
- Can range from monetary fines to incarceration, depending on the specifics
Digital Media Forgery
- Under Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Forging federal/local govt electronic documents: Temporary jail time and AED 150,000-750,000 fine
- Forging documents of other entities: Detention and/or AED 100,000-300,000 fine
Seal Forgery
- Considered part of document forgery offenses
- Subject to the punishments outlined for document forgery crimes
It’s clear the UAE takes a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of forgery, with penalties aimed at preventing such unlawful acts that undermine authenticity and trust.
Tiv Thaiv Kev Txhaum Cai
Kev txo cov xwm txheej kev dag ntxias yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv dav dav, tsom rau:
Kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv
- Khaws cov khoom rhiab kom ruaj ntseg - ruaj ntseg, xauv lub thawv, encrypted drives.
- Txwv tsis pub siv lub cev / digital nkag nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm kaw, cov cai tswj hwm tus password.
- Siv cov koob yees duab saib xyuas, tswb, cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg.
Authentication Technology
- Biometrics - ntiv tes, ntsej muag thiab iris paub.
- Blockchain - faib cov ntaub ntawv rau kev lag luam digital.
- Cov kos npe digital - encrypted identifiers txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb.
Cov neeg siv kev kawm
- Qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm kom pom kev dag ntxias - txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv, cov cim dej, cov cim pov thawj.
- Txhawb txoj kev paub txog kev dag ntxias piav qhia txog kev pheej hmoo thiab kev tiv thaiv txoj cai.
Ceev Ntiav
- Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm vet ua ntej muab cov ntaub ntawv lossis nyiaj txiag nkag.
- Ua txhaum cai keeb kwm yav dhau los, credit checks, kev txheeb xyuas kev ua haujlwm.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Ntau cov txheej txheem forensic yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim seb cov khoom puas yog tiag los yog kev dag ntxias:
- Kev soj ntsuam kev sau ntawv - Sib piv fonts, slants, stroke patterns, pressure and signing cwj pwm.
- Ntawv txheeb xyuas - Kawm txog dej cim, logos, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab fiber ntau sib dhos.
- Ink pov thawj - Kev kuaj xim, tshuaj pleev xim, sib sau tuab.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas - Microscopes, spectrometry, ESDA tests thiab computer imaging software.
Kev sau ntawv thiab ntaub ntawv cov kws txawj tau txais kev cob qhia dav dav rau kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab modem kev ruaj ntseg nta. Lawv muab cov lus qhia ntxaws txog lawv cov kev xeem thiab cov lus xaus txog qhov tseeb.
Rau cov duab kos duab loj uas raug nqi ntau pua txhiab lossis ua haujlwm nrog cov lus nug pov thawj, cov tswv siv cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb los txheeb xyuas cov keeb kwm thiab nthuav tawm cov peev txheej. kev dag ntxias. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, hnub nyoog av thiab grime khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, canvas stamps, radioisotope dating thiab segment infrared spectroscopy soj ntsuam ntau xim txheej.
What is the Procedure for Filing a Forgery Case in Dubai?
If you suspect that you are a victim of forgery in Dubai, you can file a case with the Dubai Police. The first step is to go to the nearest police station and file an official complaint. Be prepared to provide details about the incident, any evidence you may have, such as forged documents or objects, and any information about the suspected perpetrator(s).
After lodging the complaint, the police will investigate the matter thoroughly. They may request additional documentation or evidence from you, and may also summon the accused for questioning. Depending on the complexity of the case, the investigation process can take some time.
Once the police have gathered sufficient evidence, they will forward the case to the Public Prosecution. The prosecutor will then review the case and decide whether to press charges or not. If charges are filed, the case will proceed to the Dubai Courts, where it will be tried according to the UAE’s laws on forgery. It’s advisable to seek legal counsel to guide you through the judicial process.
How a Specialized Lawyer can help?
Navigating a forgery case in the UAE can be an intricate and daunting process, given the serious nature of the offense and the complexities involved in the country’s legal system. Seeking assistance from a lawyer who specializes in handling forgery cases can prove to be invaluable in such situations.
A specialized lawyer will possess in-depth knowledge and a thorough understanding of the relevant laws, court procedures, and evidentiary requirements specific to forgery offenses. They can provide expert guidance on building a strong case, gathering and presenting evidence effectively, and representing you competently in court. Their familiarity with the nuances of such cases can be crucial in formulating the right legal strategies.
Moreover, an experienced forgery lawyer can offer valuable insights into the potential outcomes and consequences of the case, enabling you to make informed decisions. They can also negotiate with the authorities on your behalf, advocate for your rights, and ensure that the legal process is fair and transparent. Their expertise in handling similar cases can significantly increase your chances of achieving a favorable resolution.
Hu rau peb tam sim no rau kev teem caij ceev ntawm + 971506531334 + 971558018669
