Fùirneis refers to the crime of falsifying a document, signature, banknote, artwork, or other item in order to deceive others. It is a serious criminal offense that can result in significant legal penalties. This article provides an in-depth examination of various forms of forgery recognized under UAE law, the corresponding legal provisions, and the severe punishments that await those found guilty of such offenses.
What is the Definition of Forgery under UAE Law?
Fùirneis 'S e pròiseas a bhith a' dèanamh, ag atharrachadh, no a' dèanamh atharrais air nithean no sgrìobhainnean leis an rùn a bhith air am mealladh. Tha e a’ ciallachadh rudeigin meallta a chruthachadh gus buannachd fhaighinn. Tha seo a’ toirt a-steach a bhith a’ cur an aghaidh airgead, a’ cruthachadh obraichean ealain meallta, a’ cruthachadh ainmean-sgrìobhte air pàipearan laghail, ag atharrachadh seicichean gus airgead a ghoid, agus rudan meallta eile. gnìomhan. It is defined under Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) in Article 216.
Tha grunn phrìomh thaobhan ann a bhios mar as trice a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachadh air fìreanachadh bho lethbhric no ath-riochdachadh:
- An dùil foill no mealladh - Bithear a’ cruthachadh forgeries le droch rùn seach airson ath-riochdachadh dligheach.
- Riochdachadh meallta - Bidh Forgers ag ràdh gu bheil an obair aca dligheach no air a chruthachadh le cuideigin eile.
- Atharrachadh luach - Thèid atharrachaidhean a dhèanamh gus luach àrdachadh no beagan buannachd a chruthachadh.
Eisimpleirean cumanta de nithean air an cuimseachadh le luchd-brathaidh include contracts, checks, currency, identification documents, historical artifacts, artworks, collectibles, and financial transaction records. The key point is that forgery usually involves official legal documents or instruments. Not every imitation qualifies as forgery – only those involving legal/money records falsified illegally.
What are the Different Types of Forgery Recognized in UAE?
Tha grunn dhòighean air an cleachdadh airson cruthachadh feallsanaichean a rèir an t-seòrsa nì a tha air a fhìreanachadh. Am measg nan seòrsachan cumanta de dh'fhungasan tha:
Cruthachadh sgrìobhainnean
Tha seo a’ toirt a-steach cruthachadh sgrìobhainnean meallta no atharrachadh fiosrachadh mu sgrìobhainnean dligheach airson adhbharan meallta. Am measg nan targaidean coitcheann tha:
- Sgrìobhainnean dearbh-aithne - Ceadan draibhear, ceadan-siubhail, cairtean tèarainteachd shòisealta.
- Sgrìobhainnean ionmhais - Seicichean, òrdughan pàighidh, tagraidhean iasaid.
- Pàipearan laghail - Cùmhnantan, tiomnadh, gnìomhan, clàran oileanach.
Tha dòighean àbhaisteach a’ toirt a-steach frithealadh, ionadachadh dhuilleagan, a’ cur teacsa ùr thairis air fìor sgrìobhainnean, a’ sguabadh às no a’ cur fiosrachadh ris, a’ lorg ainmean-sgrìobhte bho sgrìobhainnean eile.
Ainm-sgrìobhte Forgery
Briseadh ainm-sgrìobhte ag amas gu sònraichte air a bhith a’ falmhachadh ainm làmh-sgrìobhte sònraichte cuideigin. Am measg nan targaidean coitcheann tha:
- Dhearbhaidhean - Ag atharrachadh sùim, ainm neach-pàighidh, no a’ cruthachadh ainm-sgrìobhte drathair.
- Sgrìobhainnean laghail - A’ cruthachadh ainmean-sgrìobhte air tiomnadh, cùmhnantan, gnìomhan.
- Artwork - A’ cur ainmean-sgrìobhte meallta ris gus luach àrdachadh.
- Feartan eachdraidheil - A’ cur gu ceàrr nithean ri daoine ainmeil.
Luchd-brathaidh ionnsaich mar a nì thu atharrais gu faiceallach air taobhan leithid cumaidhean litrichean, ruitheam peann, òrdugh stròc agus cuideam.
Gluasad
Gluasad gabhail a-steach a bhith a’ dèanamh mac-samhail de nithean luachmhor leis an rùn a bhith a’ mealladh ghnìomhachasan agus luchd-cleachdaidh. Am measg nan targaidean tha:
- currency - A’ mhòr-chuid de dhaoine meallta - bilean $ 100 anns na SA. Cuairteachadh suas ri $ 70 millean.
- Bathar sòghail - Bidh aodach dealbhaiche, uaireadairean, seudaireachd air an lethbhreacadh.
- Cairtean creideis / cunntais - Faodar a dhùblachadh le dàta a chaidh a ghoid.
- tiogaidean - Siubhal meallta, tiogaidean tachartais air an reic air-loidhne.
Tha clò-bhualadairean sòlaimte agus feartan tèarainteachd ùra a’ fàgail gu bheil innealan-fuadain an latha an-diugh gu math cinnteach.
Art Forgery
Cruthachadh ealain a’ toirt iomradh air a bhith a’ cruthachadh obraichean coltach ri obair luchd-ealain cliùiteach agus gan toirt seachad mar dhealbhan no snaighidhean tùsail. Am measg nan adhbharan tha cliù, dearbhadh, agus prothaidean mòra bho luchd-cruinneachaidh ealain dealasach a tha deònach suimean mòra a phàigheadh airson pìosan tearc, caillte.
Luchd-brathaidh bliadhnaichean coisrigte a’ rannsachadh stuthan, dòighean-obrach agus stoidhlichean luchd-ealain. Tha tàlant ealanta nach beag aig mòran dhiubh fhèin, a’ dèanamh sgrùdadh mionaideach air pàtrain stròc, obair bhruis, pàtrain peanta craquelure agus ag ath-aithris rudan meallta a dh’ fhaodadh prìomh eòlaichean a mhealladh.
Cruthachadh nam meadhanan didseatach
Tha adhartasan ann an teicneòlas air leigeil le bhith a’ falmhachadh meadhanan didseatach a’ toirt a-steach ìomhaighean, bhidio, claisneachd, làraich-lìn agus barrachd. Tha àrdachadh cruachan a’ nochdadh dòighean cumhachdach air an stiùireadh le AI airson bhideothan meallta dearbhach a chruthachadh de dhaoine a’ dèanamh no ag ràdh rudan nach do rinn iad a-riamh.
Tha dòighean cumanta eile a’ toirt a-steach ìomhaighean photoshopping, a’ làimhseachadh chriomagan claisneachd, a’ spùtadh làraich-lìn, ag atharrachadh sgrìobhainnean a chaidh an sganadh, no a’ dèanamh seallaidhean-sgrìn agus suaicheantasan. Faodar iad sin a chleachdadh airson gràin-cinnidh, fiosrachadh ceàrr, ionnsaighean fiasgach, goid dearbh-aithne agus sgamannan air-loidhne.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery is a specific type of forgery that involves the unauthorized creation, replication, or alteration of official seals or stamps used by government entities, organizations, or businesses. These seals serve as a means of validating the authenticity and legitimacy of important documents, contracts, certificates, and other official records.
The gravity of seal forgery lies in its potential to undermine the credibility and integrity of these essential documents. By creating counterfeit seals or modifying existing ones, perpetrators can produce forged documents that appear genuine, potentially leading to legal, financial, or reputational consequences for individuals or organizations.
What is the difference Between Forgery and Falsification?
| Cuspair | Fùirneis | Falachadh |
|---|---|---|
| mìneachadh | Creating a false document, object or imitation from scratch with intent to deceive or defraud, as defined in Article 216 of the UAE Penal Code. | Altering or tampering with an originally genuine document or object in order to misrepresent facts, as per Article 215. |
| eisimpleirean | Counterfeiting currency, fake university degrees, forged artwork, false identities or signatures. | Modifying official reports, changing contract terms, adulterating product labels or specifications. |
| Rùin | Clear intent to deceive by creating something completely false. | Intent to misrepresent the truth by altering genuine items. |
| Peanasan | Temporary imprisonment and/or fine. For expatriates, deportation may apply in some cases. | Detention, fine and/or deportation depending on severity. Harsher for public officials. |
| co-fharpais | If falsification occurs during the forgery process, both crimes are punishable separately. | If forgery is part of the falsification process, both are considered one crime with combined penalty. |
| Saoradh | Some exemptions for artworks, satire or when no fraudulent intent. | Very limited exemptions apply. |
| Other Crimes | Often linked to fraud, using forged documents, etc. | May also involve abuse of office or other violations. |
The main distinction is that forgery starts from scratch to create something completely false, while falsification deceitfully modifies genuine documents or objects. UAE laws address both crimes severely to uphold integrity.
What are the Punishments for Forgery in UAE?
Forgery offenses in the UAE are dealt with sternly, and penalties can be severe based on the type of crime committed. Here are the potential punishments for selected forgery offenses:
Cruthachadh sgrìobhainnean
- For official documents: Temporary jail time up to 10 years (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- For unofficial documents: Court-determined imprisonment, less severe than official document forgery
- Using forged document copies: Up to 5 years behind bars (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Ainm-sgrìobhte Forgery
- Replicating signatures on documents falls under the punishments for document forgery crimes
Gluasad
- Counterfeiting currency is considered highly disruptive to the financial system
- Harsh sentences including lengthy imprisonment and steep fines apply
Art Forgery
- Penalties vary based on the value of the forged artwork and intent (deceiving buyers, tarnishing artist’s reputation)
- Can range from monetary fines to incarceration, depending on the specifics
Cruthachadh nam meadhanan didseatach
- Under Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Forging federal/local govt electronic documents: Temporary jail time and AED 150,000-750,000 fine
- Forging documents of other entities: Detention and/or AED 100,000-300,000 fine
Seal Forgery
- Considered part of document forgery offenses
- Subject to the punishments outlined for document forgery crimes
It’s clear the UAE takes a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of forgery, with penalties aimed at preventing such unlawful acts that undermine authenticity and trust.
A 'cur casg air Forgeries
Le bhith a’ lughdachadh tachartasan foill tha feum air casg farsaing, sreathach le fòcas air:
A’ gleidheadh Sgrìobhainnean
- Glèidh nithean mothachail gu tèarainte - cisteachan-tasgaidh, bogsaichean glasaidh, draibhearan crioptaichte.
- Cuir crìoch air ruigsinneachd corporra / didseatach le oifisean glaiste, poileasaidhean facal-faire.
- Cleachd camarathan faire, innealan-rabhaidh, luchd-tèarainteachd.
Teicneòlas dearbhaidh
- Biometrics - lorgan-meòir, aithne aghaidh is iris.
- Blockchain - leabhar-cunntais sgaoilte airson gnothaichean didseatach.
- Ainmean-sgrìobhte didseatach - aithnichearan crioptaichte a’ dearbhadh dearbhteachd.
Foghlam luchd-cleachdaidh
- Trèana luchd-obrach gus faicinn feallsanaichean - comharraich sgrìobhainnean atharraichte, comharran-uisge, soidhnichean dearbhaidh.
- Brosnaich iomairtean mothachaidh foill a mhìnicheas cunnartan agus poileasaidhean casg.
Fastadh cùramach
- Dèan sgrùdadh mionaideach air luchd-obrach mus toir thu seachad sgrìobhainn no ruigsinneachd ionmhais.
- Dèan sgrùdaidhean cùl-fhiosrachaidh eucorach, sgrùdaidhean creideas, dearbhadh cosnaidh.
Teicneolasan Lorgaidh Forgery
Tha grunn dhòighean forensic air an cleachdadh le luchd-sgrùdaidh agus sgrìobhainnean luchd-sgrùdaidh gus faighinn a-mach a bheil nithean fìor no feallsanaichean:
- Mion-sgrùdadh làmh-sgrìobhaidh - A’ dèanamh coimeas eadar clòidean, slants, pàtrain stròc, cuideam agus cleachdaidhean soidhnidh.
- Mion-sgrùdadh pàipeir - A’ sgrùdadh comharran-uisge, suaicheantasan, co-dhèanamh ceimigeach agus co-thaobhadh fiber.
- Dearbhadh inc - Dèan deuchainn air dath, dèanamh ceimigeach, tiugh cruinn.
- Imaging - Microscopes, spectrometry, deuchainnean ESDA agus bathar-bog ìomhaighean coimpiutair.
Sgrìobhainn agus làmh-sgrìobhaidh eòlaichean a dhol tro thrèanadh farsaing gus mion-sgrùdadh eagarach a dhèanamh air feartan sgrìobhaidh agus feartan tèarainteachd modem. Bidh iad a’ toirt seachad aithisgean mionaideach air na sgrùdaidhean aca agus co-dhùnaidhean a thaobh dearbhteachd.
Airson prìomh obraichean ealain a chosgas ceudan de mhìltean no obraichean le tùs teagmhach, bidh luchd-seilbh a’ cleachdadh mion-sgrùdadh saidheansail gus tùs a dhearbhadh agus comas a lorg. feallsanaichean. Bidh deuchainnean a’ sgrùdadh stuthan, salachar aois agus sreathan grime, stampaichean canabhas, deit radioisotope agus speactroscopaidh infridhearg a’ sgrùdadh grunn shreathan peant.
What is the Procedure for Filing a Forgery Case in Dubai?
If you suspect that you are a victim of forgery in Dubai, you can file a case with the Dubai Police. The first step is to go to the nearest police station and file an official complaint. Be prepared to provide details about the incident, any evidence you may have, such as forged documents or objects, and any information about the suspected perpetrator(s).
After lodging the complaint, the police will investigate the matter thoroughly. They may request additional documentation or evidence from you, and may also summon the accused for questioning. Depending on the complexity of the case, the investigation process can take some time.
Once the police have gathered sufficient evidence, they will forward the case to the Public Prosecution. The prosecutor will then review the case and decide whether to press charges or not. If charges are filed, the case will proceed to the Dubai Courts, where it will be tried according to the UAE’s laws on forgery. It’s advisable to seek legal counsel to guide you through the judicial process.
How a Specialized Lawyer can help?
Navigating a forgery case in the UAE can be an intricate and daunting process, given the serious nature of the offense and the complexities involved in the country’s legal system. Seeking assistance from a lawyer who specializes in handling forgery cases can prove to be invaluable in such situations.
A specialized lawyer will possess in-depth knowledge and a thorough understanding of the relevant laws, court procedures, and evidentiary requirements specific to forgery offenses. They can provide expert guidance on building a strong case, gathering and presenting evidence effectively, and representing you competently in court. Their familiarity with the nuances of such cases can be crucial in formulating the right legal strategies.
Moreover, an experienced forgery lawyer can offer valuable insights into the potential outcomes and consequences of the case, enabling you to make informed decisions. They can also negotiate with the authorities on your behalf, advocate for your rights, and ensure that the legal process is fair and transparent. Their expertise in handling similar cases can significantly increase your chances of achieving a favorable resolution.
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