Pāpale refers to the crime of falsifying a document, signature, banknote, artwork, or other item in order to deceive others. It is a serious criminal offense that can result in significant legal penalties. This article provides an in-depth examination of various forms of forgery recognized under UAE law, the corresponding legal provisions, and the severe punishments that await those found guilty of such offenses.
What is the Definition of Forgery under UAE Law?
Pāpale ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana, hoʻololi, a hoʻohālike paha i nā mea a i ʻole nā palapala me ka manaʻo e hoʻopunipuni. Hoʻopili ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi mea wahaheʻe i mea e loaʻa ai ka pōmaikaʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i ke kālā hoʻopunipuni, ka hana ʻana i nā hana kiʻi hoʻopunipuni, ka hana ʻana i nā pūlima ma nā pepa kānāwai, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā māka e ʻaihue i ke kālā, a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni ʻē aʻe. hana. It is defined under Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) in Article 216.
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hoʻopunipuni mai nā kope a i ʻole nā kope:
- Manaʻo e hoʻopunipuni a hoʻopunipuni paha - Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻopunipuni me ka manaʻo ʻino ma mua o ka hoʻohua pono ʻana.
- Hōʻike hoʻopunipuni - E ʻōlelo ka poʻe Forger he kūpono a hana ʻia paha e kekahi.
- Hoʻololi waiwai - Hana ʻia nā hoʻololi e hoʻonui i ka waiwai a i ʻole e hana i kekahi pono.
ʻO kekahi mau laʻana maʻamau o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia e poe hoopunipuni include contracts, checks, currency, identification documents, historical artifacts, artworks, collectibles, and financial transaction records. The key point is that forgery usually involves official legal documents or instruments. Not every imitation qualifies as forgery – only those involving legal/money records falsified illegally.
What are the Different Types of Forgery Recognized in UAE?
Nui nā ʻenehana i hana ʻia hoopunipuni ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea i hoʻopunipuni ʻia. ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻopunipuni maʻamau:
Palapala Pepe
Hoʻopili kēia i ka hana ʻana i nā palapala hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike ma nā palapala kūpono no nā kumu hoʻopunipuni. Loaʻa nā pahuhopu maʻamau:
- Nā palapala ʻike – Nā laikini kaʻa, passport, kāleka mālama ola.
- Nā palapala kālā - Nā hōʻoia, nā kauoha uku, nā noi hōʻaiʻē.
- Nā pepa pili kānāwai - Nā ʻaelike, nā palapala kauoha, nā palapala haumāna.
Aia nā ʻenehana maʻamau hoʻopunipuni, hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao, kau ʻana i nā kikokikona hou ma luna o nā palapala maoli, holoi a hoʻohui i ka ʻike, ke ʻimi ʻana i nā pūlima mai nā palapala ʻē aʻe.
Palapala Ho'olima
Hoʻopunipuni pūlima e kālele pono ana i ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ka inoa lima lima kū hoʻokahi o kekahi. Loaʻa nā pahuhopu maʻamau:
- E kaha makau i - Ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui, ka inoa uku, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka drawer.
- Palapala kānāwai - Ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana ma nā palapala kauoha, nā ʻaelike, nā palapala.
- hana noʻeau - Hoʻohui i nā inoa hoʻopunipuni e hoʻonui i ka waiwai.
- Nā mea mōʻaukala - Hoʻopili wahaheʻe i nā mea i nā kiʻi kaulana.
Nā mea hoʻopunipuni e aʻo i ka hoʻohālike pono ʻana i nā ʻano e like me ke ʻano o nā leka, nā kani peni, ke ʻano o ka hahau a me ke kaomi.
Hana hoʻopunipuni
Hana hoʻopunipuni pili i ka hana ʻana i nā kope hoʻopunipuni o nā mea waiwai me ka manaʻo e hoʻopunipuni i nā ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai aku. Aia nā pahuhopu:
- kālā - ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hoʻopunipuni - $100 bila ma US. A hiki i $ 70 miliona kaʻana.
- Nā mea waiwai nui - Hoʻopili kope ʻia nā lole hoʻolālā, nā wati, nā mea nani.
- Kāleka aie/debit - Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻikepili ʻaihue.
- Hoppe - Ka huakaʻi hoʻopunipuni, kūʻai ʻia nā tiketi hanana ma ka pūnaewele.
ʻO nā mea paʻi paʻi maʻalahi a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana hou e hōʻoiaʻiʻo loa i nā mea hoʻopunipuni hou.
Kii Hoopunipuni
Kii hoopunipuni pili i ka hana ʻana i nā hana e like me nā mea pena kiʻi kaulana a hoʻolilo iā lākou ma ke ʻano he kiʻi pena a kiʻi kiʻi paha. Loaʻa nā kumu i ka hanohano, ka hōʻoia ʻana, a me nā waiwai nui mai nā mea ʻohi kiʻi makemake e uku i nā kālā nui no nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a nalowale.
Nā mea hoʻopunipuni hoʻolaʻa makahiki no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hana, nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hana. Nui ka poʻe i kālena noʻeau nui iā lākou iho, e aʻo pono ana i nā ʻōnaʻi stroke, brushwork, craquelure patterns o ka pena a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea hoʻopunipuni e hiki ke hoʻopunipuni i nā poʻe loea.
Kikohoʻe Media Hoʻopunipuni
Ua hiki i ka holomua o ka ʻenehana ke hoʻopunipuni i nā pāpaho kikohoʻe me nā kiʻi, wikiō, nā leo, nā pūnaewele a me nā mea hou aku. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o deepfakes hōʻike i nā ʻenehana ikaika i alakaʻi ʻia e AI no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wikiō hoʻopunipuni o ka poʻe e hana a ʻōlelo paha i nā mea a lākou i hana ʻole ai.
ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, hoʻopunipuni i nā leo leo, spoofing pūnaewele, hoʻololi i nā palapala i nānā ʻia, a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi paʻi a me nā logo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no ka ʻōlelo hōʻino, ka ʻike kuhi hewa, ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka phishing, ka ʻaihue ʻike a me nā scam pūnaewele.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery is a specific type of forgery that involves the unauthorized creation, replication, or alteration of official seals or stamps used by government entities, organizations, or businesses. These seals serve as a means of validating the authenticity and legitimacy of important documents, contracts, certificates, and other official records.
The gravity of seal forgery lies in its potential to undermine the credibility and integrity of these essential documents. By creating counterfeit seals or modifying existing ones, perpetrators can produce forged documents that appear genuine, potentially leading to legal, financial, or reputational consequences for individuals or organizations.
What is the difference Between Forgery and Falsification?
| ke ano | Pāpale | Hoʻopunipuni |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Creating a false document, object or imitation from scratch with intent to deceive or defraud, as defined in Article 216 of the UAE Penal Code. | Altering or tampering with an originally genuine document or object in order to misrepresent facts, as per Article 215. |
| ano he kumu hoʻohālike | Counterfeiting currency, fake university degrees, forged artwork, false identities or signatures. | Modifying official reports, changing contract terms, adulterating product labels or specifications. |
| ʻIke | Clear intent to deceive by creating something completely false. | Intent to misrepresent the truth by altering genuine items. |
| Nā hoʻopaʻi | Temporary imprisonment and/or fine. For expatriates, deportation may apply in some cases. | Detention, fine and/or deportation depending on severity. Harsher for public officials. |
| Hoʻokūkū | If falsification occurs during the forgery process, both crimes are punishable separately. | If forgery is part of the falsification process, both are considered one crime with combined penalty. |
| Nā wehewehe | Some exemptions for artworks, satire or when no fraudulent intent. | Very limited exemptions apply. |
| Other Crimes | Often linked to fraud, using forged documents, etc. | May also involve abuse of office or other violations. |
The main distinction is that forgery starts from scratch to create something completely false, while falsification deceitfully modifies genuine documents or objects. UAE laws address both crimes severely to uphold integrity.
What are the Punishments for Forgery in UAE?
Forgery offenses in the UAE are dealt with sternly, and penalties can be severe based on the type of crime committed. Here are the potential punishments for selected forgery offenses:
Palapala Pepe
- For official documents: Temporary jail time up to 10 years (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- For unofficial documents: Court-determined imprisonment, less severe than official document forgery
- Using forged document copies: Up to 5 years behind bars (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Palapala Ho'olima
- Replicating signatures on documents falls under the punishments for document forgery crimes
Hana hoʻopunipuni
- Counterfeiting currency is considered highly disruptive to the financial system
- Harsh sentences including lengthy imprisonment and steep fines apply
Kii Hoopunipuni
- Penalties vary based on the value of the forged artwork and intent (deceiving buyers, tarnishing artist’s reputation)
- Can range from monetary fines to incarceration, depending on the specifics
Kikohoʻe Media Hoʻopunipuni
- Under Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Forging federal/local govt electronic documents: Temporary jail time and AED 150,000-750,000 fine
- Forging documents of other entities: Detention and/or AED 100,000-300,000 fine
Seal Forgery
- Considered part of document forgery offenses
- Subject to the punishments outlined for document forgery crimes
It’s clear the UAE takes a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of forgery, with penalties aimed at preventing such unlawful acts that undermine authenticity and trust.
Kāohi ʻana i nā hoʻopunipuni
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā hanana hoʻopunipuni e pono ai ka pale ākea ākea e kau ʻia ma:
Mālama i nā Palapala
- E mālama pono i nā mea koʻikoʻi - nā pahu palekana, nā pahu laka, nā pahu hoʻopunipuni.
- Hoʻopaʻa i ke komo kino / kikohoʻe me nā keʻena laka, nā kulekele ʻōlelo huna.
- E hana i nā kākuhi hoʻokele e hana nei, nā mea hana, nā limahana palekana.
ʻenehana hōʻoia
- Biometrics - nā manamana lima, ʻike maka a me ka iris.
- Blockchain - puʻunaue ʻia no nā kālepa kikohoʻe.
- Nā pūlima kikohoʻe - nā mea hōʻailona hoʻopili e hōʻoia ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Hoʻonaʻauao mea hoʻohana
- E aʻo i nā limahana e ʻike hoopunipuni - e ʻike i nā palapala i hoʻololi ʻia, nā kaha wai, nā hōʻailona hōʻoia.
- Hoʻolaha i nā hoʻolaha hoʻopunipuni e wehewehe ana i nā pilikia a me nā kulekele pale.
Hoolimalima Makaala
- E nānā pono i nā limahana ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka palapala a i ʻole ke komo kālā.
- Hana i ka nānā ʻana i ka hewa, ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana.
Nā ʻenehana ʻike hoʻopunipuni
Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻenehana forensic e nā mea noiʻi a me nā palapala nā mea nānā e hoʻoholo inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo nā mea a i ʻole hoopunipuni:
- Kākau kākau lima - Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā font, slants, stroke patterns, pressure and signing maʻamau.
- Nānā pepa - Ke aʻo ʻana i nā kaha wai, nā logos, ka haku mele a me ka alignment fiber.
- hōʻoia ʻīnika - Ka waihoʻoluʻu hoʻāʻo, makeup kemika, ka mānoanoa hui.
- Ke kiʻi - Nā microscopes, spectrometry, nā ho'āʻo ESDA a me nā polokalamu kiʻi kamepiula.
Kākau lima a me ka palapala poe akamai i e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano kākau a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana modem. Hāʻawi lākou i nā hōʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻokolokolo a me nā hopena e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
No nā hana noʻeau nui e kūʻai ana i nā haneli haneli a i ʻole nā hana me ke kumu kānalua, hoʻohana nā mea nona ka ʻepekema ʻepekema e hōʻoia i ke kumu a wehe i ka hiki hoopunipuni. Nānā nā mea ho'āʻo, ka lepo kahiko a me nā papa lepo, nā peʻa canvas, radioisotope dating a me ka ʻāpana infrared spectroscopy e nānā ana i nā papa pena.
What is the Procedure for Filing a Forgery Case in Dubai?
If you suspect that you are a victim of forgery in Dubai, you can file a case with the Dubai Police. The first step is to go to the nearest police station and file an official complaint. Be prepared to provide details about the incident, any evidence you may have, such as forged documents or objects, and any information about the suspected perpetrator(s).
After lodging the complaint, the police will investigate the matter thoroughly. They may request additional documentation or evidence from you, and may also summon the accused for questioning. Depending on the complexity of the case, the investigation process can take some time.
Once the police have gathered sufficient evidence, they will forward the case to the Public Prosecution. The prosecutor will then review the case and decide whether to press charges or not. If charges are filed, the case will proceed to the Dubai Courts, where it will be tried according to the UAE’s laws on forgery. It’s advisable to seek legal counsel to guide you through the judicial process.
How a Specialized Lawyer can help?
Navigating a forgery case in the UAE can be an intricate and daunting process, given the serious nature of the offense and the complexities involved in the country’s legal system. Seeking assistance from a lawyer who specializes in handling forgery cases can prove to be invaluable in such situations.
A specialized lawyer will possess in-depth knowledge and a thorough understanding of the relevant laws, court procedures, and evidentiary requirements specific to forgery offenses. They can provide expert guidance on building a strong case, gathering and presenting evidence effectively, and representing you competently in court. Their familiarity with the nuances of such cases can be crucial in formulating the right legal strategies.
Moreover, an experienced forgery lawyer can offer valuable insights into the potential outcomes and consequences of the case, enabling you to make informed decisions. They can also negotiate with the authorities on your behalf, advocate for your rights, and ensure that the legal process is fair and transparent. Their expertise in handling similar cases can significantly increase your chances of achieving a favorable resolution.
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