Been-abuur refers to the crime of falsifying a document, signature, banknote, artwork, or other item in order to deceive others. It is a serious criminal offense that can result in significant legal penalties. This article provides an in-depth examination of various forms of forgery recognized under UAE law, the corresponding legal provisions, and the severe punishments that await those found guilty of such offenses.
What is the Definition of Forgery under UAE Law?
Been-abuur waa habka samaynta, laqabsiga, ama ku dayashada shay ama dukumentiyada ujeedadu tahay in la khiyaaneeyo. Waxay ku lug leedahay abuurista wax been ah si loo helo faa'iido. Tan waxaa ka mid ah lacag been abuur ah, abuurista farshaxanno been abuur ah, saxiixyo been abuur ah oo ku saabsan waraaqaha sharciga ah, beddelka jeegaga lagu xado lacag, iyo khiyaano kale hawlaha. It is defined under Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) in Article 216.
Waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo muhiim ah oo guud ahaan ka sooca been-abuurka nuqullada ama ku-noqoshada:
- Ujeedo in la khiyaaneeyo ama la khiyaaneeyo - Foojariyada waxaa loo abuuray ujeedo xun halkii laga abuuri lahaa dhalmo xalaal ah.
- matalaad been ah - Kuwa been abuurka ah waxay ku andacoonayaan in shaqadooda ay tahay mid sharci ah ama uu abuuray qof kale.
- Wax ka beddelka qiimaha - Isbeddel ayaa loo sameeyaa si loo kordhiyo qiimaha ama loo abuuro faa'iido.
Qaar ka mid ah tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee walxaha lala beegsaday been-abuurayaal include contracts, checks, currency, identification documents, historical artifacts, artworks, collectibles, and financial transaction records. The key point is that forgery usually involves official legal documents or instruments. Not every imitation qualifies as forgery – only those involving legal/money records falsified illegally.
What are the Different Types of Forgery Recognized in UAE?
Waxaa jira tiro farsamooyin ah oo loo isticmaalo abuurista been abuur iyadoo ku xiran nooca shayga la been abuurayo. Noocyada caanka ah ee been-abuurka waxaa ka mid ah:
Dukumeenti been abuur ah
Tani waxay ku lug leedahay abuurista dukumeenti been abuur ah ama beddelka macluumaadka dukumeentiyada sharciga ah ujeedooyin been abuur ah. Bartilmaameedyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
- Dukumentiyada aqoonsiga – Shatiga darawalnimada, baasaboorka, kaadhka badbaadada bulshada.
- Dukumentiyo maaliyadeed - Jeegaga, dalabaadka lacag bixinta, codsiyada amaahda.
- Warqadaha sharciga ah - Qandaraasyada, dardaarannada, ficillada, diiwaanka ardayda.
Farsamooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah been abuur, Beddelka bogga, ku dhejinta qoraal cusub dukumeenti dhab ah, tirtirida ama ku darida macluumaadka, raadinta saxiixyada dukumeentiyada kale.
Saxeexa Been Abuurka
Saxeexa been-abuurka ah Waxay si gaar ah diiradda u saartaa been-abuurista magaca gaarka ah ee qof lagu qoray. Bartilmaameedyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
- Checks - Bedelka qaddarka, magaca lacag-bixiyaha, ama saxeexa khaanadaha been-abuurka ah.
- Dukumentiyada sharciga ah - Been abuurista saxeexyada dardaaranka, qandaraasyada, waraaqaha.
- farshaxanka - Ku darista saxeexyo been abuur ah si loo kordhiyo qiimaha.
- Waxyaabaha taariikhiga ah - Si been abuur ah oo walxaha loogu tiriyo shakhsiyaad caan ah.
Kuwa been abuurka ah Baro inaad si taxadar leh ugu daydaan dhinacyada sida qaababka xarfaha, laxanka qalinka, nidaamka istaroogga iyo cadaadiska.
Been-sheegashada
Been-sheegashada Waxay ku lug leedahay samaynta nuqullo been abuur ah oo alaab qiimo leh iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in la khiyaaneeyo ganacsiyada iyo macaamiisha. Bartilmaameedyada waxaa ka mid ah:
- lacagta – Inta badan ee been abuurka ah – $100 biilasha gudaha Maraykanka. Ilaa $70 milyan oo wareeg ah.
- Alaabta raaxada - Dharka naqshadeeyaha, saacadaha, dahabka ayaa la koobiyeeyaa.
- Kaararka deynta/debit-ka - Waxaa lagu koobi karaa xogta la xaday.
- tigidhada - Socdaal been abuur ah, tigidhada dhacdooyinka lagu iibiyo onlayn.
Madbacadaha casriga ah iyo sifooyinka cusub ee amniga ayaa ka dhigaya been-abuurka casriga ah mid aad loogu qanci karo.
Farshaxannimada Farshaxanka
Farshaxan been abuur ah waxaa loola jeedaa abuurista shaqooyin la mid ah kuwa fannaaniinta caanka ah oo loo gudbiyo sawiro ama farshaxan asal ah. Ujeedooyinka waxaa ka mid ah sharaf, ansaxinta, iyo faa'iidooyinka baaxadda leh ee laga helo kuwa xiiseeya farshaxanka ee doonaya inay bixiyaan lacago aad u badan oo naadir ah, qaybo lumay.
Kuwa been abuurka ah sanado u huro cilmi baarista agabka farshaxanada, farsamooyinka iyo qaababka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin xirfad farshaxan oo aad u badan, iyagoo si taxadar leh u baranaya qaababka istaroogga, burushka, qaababka rinjiga iyo soo celinta been-abuurka kuwaas oo khiyaanayn kara khubarada sare.
Been abuurka Warbaahinta Dijital ah
Horumarka tignoolajiyada ayaa suurtageliyay been abuurka warbaahinta dhijitaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan sawirro, muuqaal, maqal, mareegaha internetka iyo qaar kaloo badan. Kacitaanka qoto dheer waxay muujisaa farsamooyin awood leh oo AI ay wado si loo abuuro muuqaalo been abuur ah oo lagu qanci karo oo dadka samaynaya ama sheegaya waxyaabo aanay waligood samayn.
Farsamooyinka kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah sawirada sawir-qaadista, wax-ka-beddelka cajaladaha maqalka ah, mareegaha wax-ka-qabashada, beddelka dukumentiyada la sawiray, ama samaynta sawir-qaadista iyo calaamadaha. Kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaali karaa cay, macluumaad khaldan, werarada phishing-ka, xatooyada aqoonsiga iyo khiyaamooyinka internetka.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery is a specific type of forgery that involves the unauthorized creation, replication, or alteration of official seals or stamps used by government entities, organizations, or businesses. These seals serve as a means of validating the authenticity and legitimacy of important documents, contracts, certificates, and other official records.
The gravity of seal forgery lies in its potential to undermine the credibility and integrity of these essential documents. By creating counterfeit seals or modifying existing ones, perpetrators can produce forged documents that appear genuine, potentially leading to legal, financial, or reputational consequences for individuals or organizations.
What is the difference Between Forgery and Falsification?
| Aragti | Been-abuur | Been abuurasho |
|---|---|---|
| Qeexid | Creating a false document, object or imitation from scratch with intent to deceive or defraud, as defined in Article 216 of the UAE Penal Code. | Altering or tampering with an originally genuine document or object in order to misrepresent facts, as per Article 215. |
| Tusaalooyinka | Counterfeiting currency, fake university degrees, forged artwork, false identities or signatures. | Modifying official reports, changing contract terms, adulterating product labels or specifications. |
| Ujeedo | Clear intent to deceive by creating something completely false. | Intent to misrepresent the truth by altering genuine items. |
| Ciqaabta | Temporary imprisonment and/or fine. For expatriates, deportation may apply in some cases. | Detention, fine and/or deportation depending on severity. Harsher for public officials. |
| Iskudhin | If falsification occurs during the forgery process, both crimes are punishable separately. | If forgery is part of the falsification process, both are considered one crime with combined penalty. |
| Ka dhaafitaannada | Some exemptions for artworks, satire or when no fraudulent intent. | Very limited exemptions apply. |
| Other Crimes | Often linked to fraud, using forged documents, etc. | May also involve abuse of office or other violations. |
The main distinction is that forgery starts from scratch to create something completely false, while falsification deceitfully modifies genuine documents or objects. UAE laws address both crimes severely to uphold integrity.
What are the Punishments for Forgery in UAE?
Forgery offenses in the UAE are dealt with sternly, and penalties can be severe based on the type of crime committed. Here are the potential punishments for selected forgery offenses:
Dukumeenti been abuur ah
- For official documents: Temporary jail time up to 10 years (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- For unofficial documents: Court-determined imprisonment, less severe than official document forgery
- Using forged document copies: Up to 5 years behind bars (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Saxeexa Been Abuurka
- Replicating signatures on documents falls under the punishments for document forgery crimes
Been-sheegashada
- Counterfeiting currency is considered highly disruptive to the financial system
- Harsh sentences including lengthy imprisonment and steep fines apply
Farshaxannimada Farshaxanka
- Penalties vary based on the value of the forged artwork and intent (deceiving buyers, tarnishing artist’s reputation)
- Can range from monetary fines to incarceration, depending on the specifics
Been abuurka Warbaahinta Dijital ah
- Under Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Forging federal/local govt electronic documents: Temporary jail time and AED 150,000-750,000 fine
- Forging documents of other entities: Detention and/or AED 100,000-300,000 fine
Seal Forgery
- Considered part of document forgery offenses
- Subject to the punishments outlined for document forgery crimes
It’s clear the UAE takes a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of forgery, with penalties aimed at preventing such unlawful acts that undermine authenticity and trust.
Ka hortagga Been-abuurka
Yaraynta dhacdooyinka khiyaanada waxay u baahan tahay ka-hortag dhammaystiran, oo ka hortag ah oo diiradda la saaray:
Sugidda Dukumentiyada
- U kaydi alaabta xasaasiga ah si badbaado leh - badbaado, sanduuqyo quful, darawalo sir ah.
- Xaddid gelitaanka jirka/dijitaalka ah ee xafiisyada xiran, siyaasadaha sirta ah.
- Shaqaaleyso kamaradaha ilaalinta, alaarmiga, shaqaalaha amniga.
Tignoolajiyada Xaqiijinta
- Biometrics - faraha, aqoonsiga wejiga iyo iris.
- Blockchain - buug-gacmeedka loo qaybiyay wax kala iibsiga dhijitaalka ah.
- Saxiixa dhijitaalka ah - Aqoonsayaal sir ah oo xaqiijinaya xaqiiqada
Waxbarashada Isticmaalaha
- Tabobar shaqaalaha si ay u arkaan been abuur - Aqoonso dukumentiyada la beddelay, calaamadaha biyaha, calaamadaha xaqiijinta.
- Kor u qaad ololayaasha wacyigelinta khiyaanada ee sharxaya khatarta iyo siyaasadaha ka hortagga.
Shaqaalaysi taxadar leh
- Si fiican u baadh shaqaalaha ka hor inta aanad siin dukumeenti ama dhaqaale.
- Samee hubinta asalka dembiyada, hubinta deynta, xaqiijinta shaqada.
Farsamooyinka Ogaanshaha Been-abuurka
Dhowr farsamooyin dambi baaris ah ayaa ay adeegsadaan baarayaashu iyo dukumeenti imtixaan qaadayaasha si loo go'aamiyo in alaabtu ay run tahay iyo in kale been abuur:
- Falanqaynta gacan-qorista - Isbarbardhigga xarfaha, xarfaha, qaababka istaroogga, cadaadiska iyo caadooyinka saxiixa.
- Falanqaynta waraaqaha - Barashada calaamadaha watermarks, logos, ka kooban kiimikada iyo alignment fiber.
- Xaqiijinta khad - Midabka tijaabada, qurxiyo kiimikaad, dhumucdiisuna la isku daray.
- sawirka - Microscopes, spectrometry, imtixaanada ESDA iyo software sawirida kombuyuutarka.
Qoraal iyo dukumeenti khubaro in la maro tabobar ballaaran oo si habaysan loo falanqeeyo sifada qoraalka iyo sifooyinka amniga modemka. Waxay bixiyaan warbixin faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan imtixaanadooda iyo gabagabada ku saabsan xaqiiqada.
Farshaxannada waaweyn ee ku kacaya boqollaal kun ama waxay ku shaqeeyaan caddayn su'aalo la iska waydiin karo, milkiilayaasha waxay adeegsadaan falanqayn cilmiyeed si ay u caddeeyaan meesha ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan oo ay daaha uga rogaan suurtagalnimada been abuur. Tijaabooyinku waxay hubiyaan agabka, wasakhda da'da iyo lakabyada wasakhda ah, shaabada shaabada, shukaansiga radioisotope iyo qaybta infrared spectroscopy baadhista lakabyada rinjiga badan.
What is the Procedure for Filing a Forgery Case in Dubai?
If you suspect that you are a victim of forgery in Dubai, you can file a case with the Dubai Police. The first step is to go to the nearest police station and file an official complaint. Be prepared to provide details about the incident, any evidence you may have, such as forged documents or objects, and any information about the suspected perpetrator(s).
After lodging the complaint, the police will investigate the matter thoroughly. They may request additional documentation or evidence from you, and may also summon the accused for questioning. Depending on the complexity of the case, the investigation process can take some time.
Once the police have gathered sufficient evidence, they will forward the case to the Public Prosecution. The prosecutor will then review the case and decide whether to press charges or not. If charges are filed, the case will proceed to the Dubai Courts, where it will be tried according to the UAE’s laws on forgery. It’s advisable to seek legal counsel to guide you through the judicial process.
How a Specialized Lawyer can help?
Navigating a forgery case in the UAE can be an intricate and daunting process, given the serious nature of the offense and the complexities involved in the country’s legal system. Seeking assistance from a lawyer who specializes in handling forgery cases can prove to be invaluable in such situations.
A specialized lawyer will possess in-depth knowledge and a thorough understanding of the relevant laws, court procedures, and evidentiary requirements specific to forgery offenses. They can provide expert guidance on building a strong case, gathering and presenting evidence effectively, and representing you competently in court. Their familiarity with the nuances of such cases can be crucial in formulating the right legal strategies.
Moreover, an experienced forgery lawyer can offer valuable insights into the potential outcomes and consequences of the case, enabling you to make informed decisions. They can also negotiate with the authorities on your behalf, advocate for your rights, and ensure that the legal process is fair and transparent. Their expertise in handling similar cases can significantly increase your chances of achieving a favorable resolution.
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