Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) kasa ce mai karancin shekaru, amma wacce ke da dimbin al'adun tarihi wadanda suka shafe shekaru dubbai. Da yake a kusurwar kudu maso gabas na yankin Larabawa, wannan tarayyar ta masarautu bakwai - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah da Fujairah - ta rikide a tsawon karnoni daga wani hamada mara kyau wanda kabilun Badawiyya ke zaune zuwa makiyaya. ƙwaƙƙwaran al'umma mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin tattalin arziki.
Menene Tarihin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
Yankin da muka sani yanzu a matsayin UAE ya kasance wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci wacce ta haɗu Afirka, Asiya da Turai har tsawon shekaru dubu, tare da shaidar archaeological da ke nuni da daidaitawar ɗan adam tun daga zamanin dutse. A tsawon zamani, wayewa daban-daban ne ke iko da yankin a lokuta daban-daban, ciki har da Babila, Farisa, Fotigal da Birtaniyya. Sai dai kuma, gano mai a shekarun 1950 ne ya haifar da wani sabon zamani na wadata da ci gaba ga masarautun.
Yaushe UAE ta sami 'yancin kai?
Bayan samun 'yencin kai daga Biritaniya a shekarar 1971, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi saurin zama na zamani a karkashin wanda ya kafa ta, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. A cikin ƴan ƴan shekaru kaɗan, birane kamar Abu Dhabi da Dubai sun rikiɗe daga ƙauyukan kamun kifi masu barci zuwa na zamani, manyan biranen birni. Amma duk da haka shuwagabannin Masarautar sun kuma yi aiki tukuru don kiyaye al'adunsu da al'adun Larabawa tare da wannan ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ban sha'awa. A yau, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta tsaya a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci, kasuwanci, yawon shakatawa da kirkire-kirkire a duniya. Duk da haka, tarihinta ya bayyana wani labari mai ɗaukar hankali na juriya, hangen nesa, da basirar ɗan adam don shawo kan ƙalubalen yanayin hamada mai ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi don ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarfi a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Shekara nawa UAE a matsayin kasa?
Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) kasa ce mai karancin shekaru, bayan da ta sami 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya kuma ta kafa kasa a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1971.
Mahimman bayanai game da shekaru da samuwar UAE:
- Kafin 1971, yankin da ya ƙunshi Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa an san shi da Jihohin Gaskiya, tarin shehunai a gabar Tekun Fasha waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kariyar Birtaniyya tun ƙarni na 19.
- A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1971, shida daga cikin masarautu bakwai - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, da Fujairah - sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.
- Masarautar ta bakwai, Ras Al Khaimah, ta shiga tarayyar UAE a watan Fabrairun 1972, inda ta kammala masarautu bakwai da suka hada da UAE ta zamani.
- Don haka, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 a matsayin kasa mai hadin kai a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2021, wanda ke cika rabin karni tun kafuwarta a 1971.
- Kafin haɗewa a cikin 1971, masarautun ɗaiɗaikun suna da tarihin shekaru ɗaruruwan shekaru, tare da dangin Al Nahyan da Al Maktoum suna mulkin Abu Dhabi da Dubai bi da bi tun ƙarni na 18.
Yaya UAE take kafin kafuwarta a 1971?
Kafin haɗewarsa a shekara ta 1971, yankin da a yanzu ya zama ƙasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ya ƙunshi shehumomi ko masarautu guda bakwai daban-daban waɗanda aka fi sani da Jihohin Gaskiya.
Waɗannan shehunnai sun wanzu shekaru aru-aru a ƙarƙashin ikon daular mulki daban-daban kamar Portuguese, Dutch, da Burtaniya. Sun tsira daga kudaden shiga daga lu'u-lu'u, kamun kifi, kiwo, da wasu kasuwancin teku.
Wasu mahimman bayanai game da yankin UAE kafin 1971:
- Ƙabilun makiyaya na Badawiyya da ƙananan ƙauyuka masu kamun kifi/lu'u-lu'u da ke bakin teku ba su da yawan jama'ar yankin.
- Tare da matsanancin yanayin hamada, cikin gida ba shi da matsuguni na dindindin ko noma fiye da garuruwan oasis.
- Tattalin arzikin ya dogara ne akan ayyukan rayuwa kamar ruwan lu'u-lu'u, kamun kifi, kiwo, da kasuwanci na yau da kullun.
- Kowace masarauta ta kasance cikakkiyar masarauta da wani shehi daga daya daga cikin fitattun iyalai na yankin ke mulki.
- Babu wasu abubuwan more rayuwa na zamani ko ci gaba kafin a fara fitar da mai a shekarun 1960.
- Abu Dhabi da Dubai sun kasance garuruwan da ba su da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da shaharar su na zamani a matsayin birane.
- Birtaniyya ta kiyaye kariya ta soja da kuma rashin ikon siyasa a kan harkokin waje na Jihohin Gaskiya.
Don haka a zahiri, UAE kafin 1971 ta kasance tarin daban-daban na shehunan kabilanci da ba a ci gaba ba kafin kafuwar al'umma ta zamani da canji mai tsauri da arzikin mai ke haifarwa bayan shekarun 1960.
Menene manyan kalubale a UAE ta baya?
Ga wasu manyan ƙalubalen da UAE ta fuskanta a baya kafin kafuwarta da lokacin kafuwarta:
Muhallin Halitta mai tsanani
- Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana cikin wani yanayi mai tsananin busasshiyar hamada, wanda ke sa rayuwa da ci gaba da wahala kafin zamani.
- Rashin ruwa, rashin filin noma, da zafin rana sun haifar da ƙalubale ga zaman jama'a da ayyukan tattalin arziki.
Tattalin Arzikin Rayuwa
- Kafin a fara fitar da man fetur zuwa kasashen waje, yankin yana da tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da shi kan nutsewar lu'u-lu'u, kamun kifi, kiwo, da karancin ciniki.
- Akwai ƙananan masana'antu, abubuwan more rayuwa ko ci gaban tattalin arziki na zamani har sai da kudaden shigar mai ya ba da damar samun sauyi cikin sauri tun daga shekarun 1960.
Rarrabuwar Kabilanci
- Masarautu 7 a tarihi sun kasance suna gudanar da mulkin shehunnai daban-daban daga bangarori daban-daban na kabilu da iyalai masu mulki.
- Haɗin kan waɗannan ƙabilun da ba a saba ba su zama ƙasa mai haɗin kai ya kawo cikas na siyasa da al'adu waɗanda dole ne a shawo kan su.
Tasirin Burtaniya
- A matsayinsu na Jihohin Gaskiya, masarautun sun kasance ƙarƙashin mabambantan matakan kariya da tasiri na Biritaniya kafin samun 'yancin kai a 1971.
- Ƙaddamar da cikakken yanci yayin tafiyar da ficewar sojojin Biritaniya da masu ba da shawara ya kasance ƙalubale na wucin gadi.
Samar da Shaida ta Kasa
- Samar da takamaiman asalin Masarautar ƙasa da zama ɗan ƙasa tare da mutunta kwastan na masarautu 7 daban-daban yana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan.
- Haɓaka kishin ƙasa na UAE daga ƙabilanci / yanki ya kasance farkon cikas.
Menene mahimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin UAE?
| 1758 | Iyalan Al Nahyan sun kori sojojin Farisa tare da kafa iko a yankin Abu Dhabi, inda suka fara mulkinsu. |
| 1833 | Tsare-tsare na Maritime na dindindin yana kawo Jihohin Gaskiya ƙarƙashin kariyar Biritaniya da tasiri. |
| 1930s | An gano ma'adanin man fetur na farko a cikin Jihohin Trucial, wanda ke kafa hanyar samun wadata a nan gaba. |
| 1962 | Ana fara fitar da danyen mai daga Abu Dhabi, wanda ya kawo sauyi a fannin tattalin arziki. |
| 1968 | Birtaniya sun sanar da shirin kawo karshen dangantakarsu da Jihohin Gaskiya. |
| Disamba 2, 1971 | Masarautu shida (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah) sun haɗu a hukumance don ƙirƙirar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. |
| Fabrairu 1972 | Masarautar Ras Al Khaimah ta bakwai ta shiga cikin Tarayyar UAE. |
| 1973 | Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta shiga kungiyar OPEC kuma tana ganin an samu kwararar kudaden man fetur bayan rikicin mai. |
| 1981 | Mataimakin shugaban kasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum ya kaddamar da wani shiri mai mahimmanci don karkatar da tattalin arzikin kasar fiye da mai. |
| 2004 | Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na gudanar da zaben majalisar dokoki da na hukumar ba da shawara na farko da aka zaba. |
| 2020 | Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kaddamar da aikinta na farko zuwa duniyar Mars, mai suna Hope orbiter, wanda ke tabbatar da burinta a sararin samaniya. |
| 2021 | Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na bikin cika shekaru 50 da kafuwarta tare da bayyana shirin tattalin arziki na 50 na gaba. |
Wadannan al'amuran suna nuna tushen asalin yankin na Trucial, tasirin Birtaniyya, muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin haɗin kai da ci gaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta hanyar mai, da ƙarin ƙoƙarinsa na rarrabawa da nasarorin sararin samaniya.
Wanene manyan jigogi a tarihin UAE?
- Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan – Babban uban kafa wanda ya zama shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na farko a shekarar 1971 bayan ya taba mulkin Abu Dhabi tun 1966. Ya hada kan masarautun tare da jagorantar kasar a farkon shekarun da ta gabata.
- Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum - Sarkin Dubai mai tasiri wanda da farko ya yi adawa da hadewar UAE amma daga baya ya koma matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa a 1971. Ya taimaka wajen mayar da Dubai babbar cibiyar kasuwanci.
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan - Shugaban kasa na yanzu, ya gaji mahaifinsa Sheikh Zayed a 2004 kuma ya ci gaba da bunkasa tattalin arziki da manufofin ci gaba.
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum - Firayim Minista na yanzu, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kuma mai mulkin Dubai, ya sa ido kan karuwar fashewar Dubai a matsayin birni na duniya tun cikin 2000s.
- Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi - wanda ya fi dadewa kan mulki, ya mulki Ras Al Khaimah sama da shekaru 60 har zuwa 2010 kuma yana adawa da tasirin Burtaniya.
Wace rawa mai ya taka wajen tsara tarihin UAE?
- Kafin a gano mai, yankin ba shi da ci gaba sosai, yana da tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da kamun kifi, lu'u-lu'u da kasuwanci na yau da kullun.
- A cikin shekarun 1950-60s, an fara cin gajiyar manyan hajojin mai a teku, inda aka samar da dimbin dukiya da ke ba da tallafin ababen more rayuwa, ci gaba da ayyukan zamantakewa.
- Kudaden da ake samu daga man fetur ya baiwa Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa damar inganta cikin sauri bayan samun 'yancin kai, inda ta rikide daga maras talauci zuwa kasa mai arziki a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
- Duk da haka, shugabancin UAE ya kuma fahimci yanayin ƙarancin mai kuma ya yi amfani da kudaden shiga don karkatar da tattalin arzikin zuwa yawon shakatawa, jiragen sama, gidaje da kuma ayyuka.
- Duk da yake ba ya dogara ga man fetur kawai, wadatar da iskar gas ta samar da ita ce ta haifar da haɓakar haɓakar tattalin arziƙin UAE da kuma zamanantar da shi.
Don haka arzikin mai shi ne muhimmin canjin wasa wanda ya ɗaga masarautu daga kangin talauci kuma ya ba da damar hangen nesa na waɗanda suka kafa UAE cikin sauri bayan 1971.
Ta yaya UAE ta samo asali na tsawon lokaci dangane da al'adunta, tattalin arzikinta, da al'ummarta?
A al'adance, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kiyaye al'adunta na Larabawa da Musulunci yayin da kuma ta rungumi zamani. Dabi'un al'ada kamar baƙon baƙi suna tare tare da buɗe ido ga wasu al'adu. Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, ta rikide daga tattalin arzikin rayuwa zuwa cibiyar kasuwanci da yawon bude ido ta yanki ta hanyar arzikin mai da rarrabawa. Dangane da zamantakewa, kabilu da iyalai sun kasance masu mahimmanci amma al'umma ta zama birni cikin hanzari yayin da 'yan gudun hijirar suka zarce na gida.
Ta yaya tarihin UAE ya yi tasiri a halin da take ciki?
Tarihin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a matsayin yanki na hamada na kabilanci a karkashin tasirin Birtaniyya ya tsara cibiyoyi da asalinta na zamani. Tsarin tarayya ya daidaita cin gashin kai da tsoffin shehunnan 7 ke so. Iyalan masu mulki suna da ikon siyasa yayin da suke jagorantar ci gaban tattalin arziki. Yin amfani da arzikin mai don gina tattalin arziƙin kasuwanci iri-iri yana nuna darasi daga koma bayan da masana'antar lu'u-lu'u ta yi a baya.
Wadanne mahimman wuraren tarihi ne da za ku ziyarta a cikin UAE?
Al Fahidi Historical Neighbourhood (Dubai) - Wannan yankin kagara da aka gyara yana nuna gine-ginen gargajiya da gidajen tarihi akan al'adun Masarawa. Qasr Al Hosn (Abu Dhabi) - Ginin dutse mafi tsufa a Abu Dhabi tun daga shekarun 1700, tsohon gida ne ga dangin masu mulki. Mleiha Archaeological Site (Sharjah) - Ragowar tsohuwar mazaunin ɗan adam tare da kaburbura da kayan tarihi sama da shekaru 7,000. Fujairah Fort (Fujairah) - An sake gina sansanin Portuguese daga 1670 yana kallon tsoffin unguwannin birni.
