Chiokomuhomwe, mitemo yehuori uye Zvirango muUAE

United Arab Emirates (UAE) ine mitemo yakasimba nemirau iripo yekurwisa chiokomuhomwe nehuwori. Nemutemo wekuti hapana kushivirira mhosva idzi, nyika inotemera zvirango zvakaomarara kuvanhu nemasangano anowanikwa aine mhosva yekuita zvisiri pamutemo zvakadaro. Kuedza kweUAE kurwisa huwori chinangwa chekuchengetedza pachena, kusimudzira mutemo wemutemo, uye kukurudzira nharaunda yebhizinesi yakanaka kune vese vane chekuita. Nekutora chimiro chakasimba kurwisa chiokomuhomwe nehuwori, UAE inotsvaga kusimudzira kuvimba, kukwezva mari yekunze, uye kuzvisimbisa senzvimbo inotungamira yebhizinesi repasi rose rakavakirwa pamisimboti yekuzvidavirira uye maitiro ehunhu.

Ndeipi tsanangudzo yechiokomuhomwe pasi pemutemo weUAE?

Pasi pehurongwa hwemutemo hweUAE, chiokomuhomwe chinotsanangurwa zvakanyanya sechiito chekupa, kuvimbisa, kupa, kuda, kana kubvuma mukana kana kurudziro zvisina kufanira, kungave zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, mukutsinhana kuti munhu aite kana kurega kuita basa rekuita. mabasa avo. Izvi zvinosanganisira nzira dzechiokomuhomwe dzinoshanda uye dzinongoitwa, dzinosanganisira vakuru vakuru vehurumende pamwe nevanhu vakazvimirira uye masangano. Chiokomuhomwe chinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubhadhara mari, zvipo, varaidzo, kana imwe nzira yokugutsa nayo ine chinangwa chokukanganisa chisarudzo cheari kupiwa kana zviito.

Iyo UAE's Federal Penal Code nemimwe mitemo yakakodzera inopa hurongwa hwakakwana hwekutsanangura nekugadzirisa dzakasiyana siyana dzechiokomuhomwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhosva dzakaita sechiokomuhomwe chevashandi vehurumende, chiokomuhomwe mumasangano akazvimirira oga, chiokomuhomwe chevashandi vehurumende vekunze, pamwe nekubhadhara mari dzechikiribidi. Mitemo iyi inovharawo mhosva dzine chekuita nekubira, kushandisa masimba zvisirizvo, kuba mari zvisiri pamutemo, uye kutengeserana musimba, izvo zvinowanzo pindirana nenyaya dzechiokomuhomwe nehuwori. Zvinoshamisa, mutemo weUAE wekurwisa chiokomuhomwe haushande kuvanhu chete asiwo kumakambani nemamwe masangano ari pamutemo, uchivapa mhosva yehuori. Inotarisirawo kuchengetedza kutendeseka, kubuda pachena, uye kuzvidavirira kumatunhu ese, ichikurudzira nharaunda yebhizinesi yakanaka uye ine tsika apo ichikurudzira utongi hwakanaka uye hutongi hwemutemo.

Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana echiokomuhomwe anozivikanwa muUAE?

Mhando Yechiokomuhomwe	tsananguro
Chiokomuhomwe cheVakuru veHurumende	Kupa kana kugamuchira chiokomuhomwe kupesvedzera zviito kana zvisarudzo zvevakuru vakuru vehurumende, kusanganisira makurukota, vatongi, vakuru vezvemitemo, uye vashandi vehurumende.
Chiokomuhomwe muPrivate Sector	Kupa kana kugamuchira chiokomuhomwe mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutengeserana kana kutengeserana kwebhizinesi, zvinosanganisira vanhu vakazvimirira kana masangano.
Kupihwa chiokomuhomwe kweVakuru veHurumende vekune dzimwe nyika	Kupa chiokomuhomwe kuvakuru vehurumende vekunze kana vakuru vemasangano epasi rese kuti vawane kana kuchengetedza bhizinesi kana mukana usina kukodzera.
Facilitation Payments	Kubhadhara kudiki kusiri pamutemo kunoitwa kuti kukurumidze kana kuchengetedza kuita kwemaitiro ehurumende maitiro kana masevhisi ayo mubhadhari ane kodzero yepamutemo.
Kutengeserana muKufurira	Kupa kana kubvuma mukana usina kukodzera kupesvedzera maitiro ekuita sarudzo yemukuru wehurumende kana chiremera.
Kubiridzira	Kusashandiswa zvisirizvo kana kuchinjisa pfuma kana mari yakapihwa kune mumwe munhu kuti awane pfuma.
Kushandisa Simba Zvisizvo	Kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwechinzvimbo chehurumende kana kuti chiremera kuti zvibatsire kana kubatsira vamwe.
Money laundering	Maitiro ekuviga kana kuvanza mabviro emari kana midziyo yakatorwa zvisiri pamutemo.

Mitemo yeUAE inorambidza chiokomuhomwe inobata huwori hwakasiyana-siyana, ichiona kuti nzira dzakasiyana dzechiokomuhomwe nemhosva dzine hukama dzinogadziriswa uye kurangwa zvakakodzera, zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu kana mapato anobatanidzwa.

Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvemutemo weUAE wekurwisa chiokomuhomwe?

Hezvino izvo zvakakosha zvemutemo weUAE wekurwisa chiokomuhomwe:

• Tsanangudzo yakazara inobata chiokomuhomwe cheveruzhinji nechakavanzika: Mutemo unopa tsananguro yakafara yechiokomuhomwe inosanganisa masangano ehurumende neakazvimirira, kuona kuti huwori mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu agadziriswa.
• Inopa mhosva chiokomuhomwe chinoshanda uye chisingaiti, kusanganisira vakuru vekunze: Mutemo unoita kuti chiito chekupa chioko muhomwe (chiokomuhomwe chinoshanda) uye chiito chekugamuchira chiokomuhomwe (chiokomuhomwe chinongoitwa chete), uchitambanudzira kusvika kuzviitiko zvinobatanidza vashandi vehurumende vekune dzimwe nyika.
• Inorambidza kufambisa kana "girisi" kubhadhara: Mutemo unorambidza kubhadharwa kwemari diki isiri pamutemo, inozivikanwa seyekufambisa kana "girisi" kubhadhara, iyo inowanzo shandiswa kukurumidzisa maitiro ehurumende kana masevhisi.
• Zvirango zvakaomarara sekuvharirwa uye faindi dzakakura: Mutemo unopa zvirango zvakakomba pamhosva dzechiokomuhomwe, zvinosanganisira kutongerwa kugara mujeri kwenguva refu uye faindi dzemari dzakati wandei, zvichiita sechidziviso chakasimba pakuita huori.
• Mhosva yekambani yemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe dzevashandi/mumiririri: Mutemo unoita kuti masangano atongerwe mhosva dzechiokomuhomwe dzinoparwa nevashandi vavo kana maajenti, uchiona kuti makambani anochengeta zvirongwa zvakasimba zvekutevedzera chiokomuhomwe uye kushandisa hunyanzvi.
• Extraterritorial kusvika kune UAE vagari / vagari vekunze: Mutemo unowedzera simba rawo rekuvhara mhosva dzechiokomuhomwe dzinoparwa nezvizvarwa zveUAE kana vagari vekunze kwenyika, zvichibvumira kupomerwa mhosva kunyangwe mhosva yakaitika kunze kwenyika.
• Kudzivirirwa kwewhistleblower kukurudzira kushuma: Mutemo uyu unosanganisira zvisungo zvekuchengetedza vanonyengerera vanomhan’ara nyaya dzechiokomuhomwe kana huori, uchikurudzira vanhu kuti vauye neruzivo vasingatyi kutsiva.
• Kutorwa kwemari yechiokomuhomwe: Mutemo unobvumira kutorwa uye kudzoserwa kwemari ipi neipi kana kuti midziyo yakabva pamhosva dzechiokomuhomwe, uchiona kuti avo vanobatanidzwa mumiitiro yehuori havagoni kubetserekana nezvavanowana zvisiri pamutemo.
• Zvinosungirwa kutevedzera zvirongwa zvemasangano eUAE: Mutemo unoraira kuti masangano anoshanda muUAE aite zvirongwa zvakasimba zvekutevedzera chiokomuhomwe, kusanganisira mitemo, maitiro, uye kudzidzisa, kudzivirira nekuona chiokomuhomwe.
• Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese mukuferefeta/kupomera mhosva: Mutemo unobatsira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kubatsirana zviri pamutemo mukuferefeta chiokomuhomwe uye kutongwa, zvichiita kuti kudyidzana kwemiganhu yenyika uye kugovana ruzivo kurwisa nyaya dzechioko muhomwe zvinobudirira.

Ndezvipi zvirango zvemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe muUAE?

United Arab Emirates inotora nzira yekusashivirira pakuita chiokomuhomwe nehuwori, ine zvirango zvakasimba zvakataurwa muFederal Decree-Law No. . Mibairo yemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe yakakomba uye inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhosva uye mapato anobatanidzwa.

Chiokomuhomwe Chinosanganisira Vakuru veHurumende

1. Nguva Yekusungwa
   • Kuda, kubvuma, kana kugamuchira zvipo, mabhenefiti, kana zvivimbiso mukutsinhana kuita, kurega, kana kutyora mabasa epamutemo kunogona kutungamirira kumutongo wekugara mujeri kwenguva pfupi kubva pa3 kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu (Zvinyorwa 15-275).
   • Urefu hwenguva yehusungwa hunoenderana nekuoma kwemhosva uye nzvimbo dzine vanhu vanobatanidzwa.
2. Zvirango Zvemari
   • Kuwedzera kana seimwe nzira yekuvharirwa mujeri, faindi dzakakura dzinogona kubvisirwa.
   • Idzi faindi dzinowanzoverengerwa zvichienderana nehukoshi hwechiokomuhomwe kana sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechiokomuhomwe.

Chiokomuhomwe muPrivate Sector

1. Kuita Chiokomuhomwe (Kupa Chiokomuhomwe)
   • Kupa chiokomuhomwe mubazi rakazvimirira imhosva inorangwa, inotakura nguva yehusungwa inosvika makore mashanu (Chisungo 5).
2. Kuita Chiokomuhomwe (Kugamuchira Chiokomuhomwe)
   • Kugamuchira chiokomuhomwe mubazi rakazvimirira kunogona kuguma nekugara mujeri kwemakore matatu (Chisungo 3).

Zvimwe Zvikonzero uye Zvirango

1. Asset Confiscation
   • Vakuru veUAE vane simba rekutora chero midziyo kana midziyo yakabva kana kushandiswa mukupa mhosva dzechiokomuhomwe (Chinyorwa 285).
2. Debarment uye Blacklisting
   • Vanhu uye makambani anowanikwa aine mhosva yechiokomuhomwe anogona kurambidzwa kutora chikamu muzvibvumirano zvehurumende kana kunyoreswa kubva mukuita bhizinesi muUAE.
3. Corporate Zvirango
   • Makambani ane chekuita nemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe anogona kutarisana nezvirango zvakakomba, zvinosanganisira kumiswa kana kukanzurwa marezinesi ebhizinesi, kuparara, kana kuiswa pasi pehutongi hwedare.
4. Zvimwe Zvirango zveMunhu Pamwechete
   • Vanhu vanobatwa nemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe vanogona kusangana nezvimwe zvirango, sekurasikirwa nekodzero dzevanhu, kurambidzwa kubata zvimwe zvinzvimbo, kana kudzingwa kunze kwenyika kune vasiri vemuUAE.

Maonero akasimba eUAE pamhosva dzechiokomuhomwe anosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza maitiro ebhizinesi ane hunhu uye kushandisa mitemo nemaitiro ekurwisa huwori. Kutsvaga zano repamutemo uye kuomerera kune epamusoro mazinga ekuvimbika kwakakosha kune vanhu nemasangano anoshanda muUAE.

UAE inobata sei kuferefetwa uye kupomerwa mhosva dzechiokomuhomwe?

United Arab Emirates yakagadzira mauto anopesana nehuwori mukati mevanoona nezvemitemo, akadai seDubai Public Prosecution uye Abu Dhabi Judicial department, ane basa rekuferefeta nyaya dzechiokomuhomwe. Aya mayuniti anoshandisa vaongorori vakadzidziswa uye vachuchisi vanoshanda pamwe chete nemasangano ehungwaru hwezvemari, masangano anodzora, uye mamwe masangano ehurumende. Vane masimba makuru ekuunganidza humbowo, kutora midziyo, kumisa maakaundi ekubhangi, uye kuwana magwaro akakodzera uye marekodhi.

Kana humbowo hwakakwana hwaunganidzwa, nyaya iyi inoendeswa kuhofisi yePublic Prosecution, iyo inoongorora humbowo uhwu yoona kuti yoenderera mberi nemhosva here. Vachuchisi muUAE vakazvimiririra uye vane mvumo yekuunza nyaya kumatare. Hurongwa hwekutonga hweUAE hunotevera maitiro akasimba emutemo, kutevedzera misimboti yemaitiro akakodzera uye kutonga kwakanaka, nevanopomerwa vaine kodzero yekumiririrwa zviri pamutemo nemukana wekupa kuzvidzivirira kwavo.

Pamusoro pazvo, State Audit Institution (SAI) inoita basa rakakosha mukuongorora nekuongorora masangano ehurumende nekuona kuti mari dzehurumende dzashandiswa nemazvo. Kana zviitiko zvechiokomuhomwe kana kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemari yehurumende zvikaonekwa, SAI inogona kuendesa nyaya yacho kune vane masimba vakakodzera kuti iongororwe zvakare uye vagopomerwa mhosva.

Ndedzipi dziviriro dziripo pamhosva dzechiokomuhomwe pasi pemutemo weUAE?

Pasi pemutemo weUAE, vanhu kana masangano akatarisana nemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe anogona kuva nedziviriro dzakati wandei dziripo kwavari, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho. Heano mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira anogona kusimudzwa:

1. Kushaya Chido kana Ruzivo
   • Mupomerwi anogona kutaura kuti vakanga vasina chinangwa chakakodzera kana ruzivo rwekuita mhosva yechiokomuhomwe.
   • Kudzivirirwa uku kunogona kushanda kana mupomerwi achigona kuratidza kuti vakaita vasinganzwisisi chimiro chechokwadi chekutengeserana kana kuti vanga vasingazive kuvepo kwechiokomuhomwe.
2. Kumanikidza kana Kumanikidza
   • Kana mupomerwi achigona kuratidza kuti akanga achidzvinyirirwa kana kuti akamanikidzirwa kubvuma kana kuti kupa chiokomuhomwe, izvi zvingashanda sedziviriro.
   • Nekudaro, mutoro wehumbowo hwekumisikidza kumanikidza kana kumanikidza unowanzo kukwirira, uye mupomerwi anofanira kupa humbowo hunogutsa kutsigira ichi chirevo.
3. Entrapment
   • Muzviitiko apo mupomerwi akanyengerwa kana kupinzwa mumusungo mukuita mhosva yechiokomuhomwe nevakuru vezvemitemo kana vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kuzvidzivirira kunogona kushanda.
   • Mupomerwi anofanira kuratidza kuti vaive vasina predisposition yekupara mhosva uye vakamanikidzwa zvisina kufanira kana kufurirwa nevakuru.
4. Kukanganisa Kwechokwadi kana Mutemo
   • Mupomerwi anogona kutaura kuti vakaita chikanganiso chechokwadi chechokwadi kana mutemo, zvichiita kuti vatende kuti zviito zvavo zvaive zvisiri pamutemo.
   • Kudzivirirwa uku kunonetsa kumisa, sezvo mitemo yeUAE yekurwisa chiokomuhomwe ichishambadzirwa zvakanyanya uye ichizivikanwa.
5. Kushaya Kutonga
   • Munyaya dzine chekuita nekuyambuka muganhu, mupomerwi anogona kupikisa masimba eUAE pamusoro pemhosva yaari kupomerwa.
   • Kudzivirirwa uku kunogona kuve kwakakosha kana mhosva yechiokomuhomwe yakaitika kunze kwenzvimbo yeUAE.
6. Statute of Limitations
   • Zvichienderana nemhosva yechiokomuhomwe uye mutemo unoshanda wezvipimo pasi pemutemo weUAE, mupomerwi anogona kupokana kuti kupomerwa kwakarambidzwa-nguva uye haakwanise kuenderera.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuwanikwa uye kubudirira kwezvidziviriro izvi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ega ega uye humbowo hunoratidzwa. Vamiriri vakatarisana nemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe muUAE vanorayirwa kuti vatsvage zano repamutemo kubva kumagweta ane ruzivo anonyatsoziva mitemo yeUAE yekurwisa chiokomuhomwe nehurongwa hwemutemo.

Mutemo weUAE wekurwisa chiokomuhomwe unoshanda sei kumakambani nemabhizinesi muUAE?

Mitemo yeUAE inorwisa chiokomuhomwe, inosanganisira Federal Decree-Law No. Makambani anogona kubatwa nemhosva dzechiokomuhomwe dzinoitwa nevashandi vavo, vamiririri, kana vamiriri vanomiririra kambani.

Mhosva yekambani inogona kumuka kana mhosva yechiokomuhomwe ichiitirwa kuti kambani ibatsire, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vekambani kana hutungamiriri hwanga husingazivi nezvekuita zvisiri pamutemo. Makambani anogona kutarisana nezvirango zvakakomba, zvinosanganisira faindi dzakakura, kumiswa kana kukanzurwa marezinesi ebhizinesi, kuparara, kana kuiswa pasi pehutongi hwedare.

Kudzikamisa njodzi, mabhizinesi muUAE anotarisirwa kuita mitemo yakasimba yekurwisa chiokomuhomwe nehuwori, kuita hunyanzvi hwevamiriri vebato rechitatu, uye kupa dzidziso yenguva dzose kuvashandi pakutevedzera mitemo inorwisa chiokomuhomwe. Kutadza kuchengetedza zvakakwana kutonga kwemukati uye matanho ekudzivirira anogona kufumura makambani kune akakosha pamutemo uye mukurumbira mhedzisiro.