Mhosva dzekuba imhosva huru kuUnited Arab Emirates, sezvo vezvemitemo munyika vachitora matanho akasimba achipokana nezviitwa zvisiri pamutemo. Kodhi yechirango yeUAE inodonongodza mirau uye zvirango zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekuba, kusanganisira kuba zvidiki, humbavha, umbavha, uye kuba. Mitemo iyi ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza kodzero nezvivakwa zvevanhu nemabhizinesi, ukuwo tichiona nzanga yakachengeteka uye yakarongeka. Nekuzvipira kweUAE kuchengetedza mutemo nekurongeka, kunzwisisa iyo chaiyo mitemo nemhedzisiro ine chekuita nemhosva dzekuba kwakakosha kune vagari nevashanyi zvakafanana.
Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana emhosva dzekuba pasi pemitemo yeUAE?
- Kubiwa Kuduku (Misdemeanor): Kuba kuduku, kunonziwo kuba kudiki, kunosanganisira kutora zvinhu kana zvinhu zveukoshi hushoma. Iri rudzi rwekuba rinowanzorongedzerwa sechisakarurama pasi pemutemo weUAE.
- Grand Larceny (Felony): Grand larceny, kana humbavha hukuru, zvinoreva kutorwa zvisiri pamutemo kwemidziyo kana midziyo yeukoshi hwakakosha. Iyi inoonekwa semhosva uye ine zvirango zvakakomba kupfuura kuba zvinhu zviduku.
- Kubira: Kuba kunotsanangurwa sechiito chekutorera munhu zvinhu nechisimba, kazhinji chinosanganisira kushandisa chisimba, kutyisidzira, kana kutyisidzira. Mhosva iyi inobatwa semhosva yakakomba pasi pemutemo weUAE.
- Kupaza: Kupaza kunosanganisira kupinda muchivako kana nzvimbo zvisiri pamutemo nechinangwa chekupara mhosva yakaita sekuba. Mhosva iyi inorongerwa semhosva uye inorangwa nekuvharirwa mutirongo uye faindi.
- Embezzlement: Embezzlement (Embezzlement) zvinoreva kutorwa kwechitsotsi kana kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemidziyo kana mari nemunhu wavakaronzeswa. Mhosva iyi inowanzo dyidzana nehumbavha kumabasa kana masangano emari.
- Kubiwa Kwemotokari: Kutora kana kuba motokari zvisina mvumo, yakadai semotokari, mudhudhudhu, kana rori, zvinoreva kuba motokari. Mhosva iyi inoonekwa semhosva pasi pemutemo weUAE.
- Identity Theft: Kubirwa zvitupa kunosanganisira kutora uye kushandisa zvisiri pamutemo ruzivo rwemumwe munhu, sezita rake, zvitupa, kana ruzivo rwemari, nechinangwa chekubiridzira.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuomarara kwechirango chemhosva dzekuba idzi pasi pemutemo weUAE kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekukosha kwechinhu chakabiwa, kushandiswa kwechisimba kana chisimba, uye kuti mhosva yacho ndeyekutanga here kana kuti inodzokororwa mhosva. .
Mhosva dzekuba dzinobatwa sei uye dzinotongwa muUAE, Dubai neSharjah?
United Arab Emirates ine federal penal code inotonga mhosva dzekuba kune ese emirates. Heano mapoinzi akakosha maererano nemabatirwo enyaya dzekuba uye kupomerwa muUAE:
Mhosva dzekuba muUAE dzinodzorwa neFederal Penal Code (Federal Law No. 3 of 1987), iyo inoshanda zvakafanana kune ese emirates, kusanganisira Dubai neSharjah. Kodhi yechirango inodonongodza mhando dzakasiyana dzemhosva dzekuba, dzakaita sekuba zvidiki-diki, manyepo makuru, ugororo, kuba, nekupaza, uye zvirango zvadzo. Kumhan'ara nekuferefetwa kwenyaya dzekuba kunowanzotanga nekumhan'ara kuvakuru vemapurisa. MuDubai, iyo Dubai Police Criminal Investigation Dhipatimendi inobata nyaya dzakadai, nepo muSharjah, iyo Sharjah Police Criminal Investigation department ine chekuita.
Kana mapurisa achinge aunganidza humbowo nekupedza kuferefeta kwavo, nyaya iyi inosvitswa kumahofisi ePublic Prosecution Office kuti ienderere mberi. MuDubai, iyi ndiyo Dubai Public Prosecution Office, uye muSharjah, ndiyo Sharjah Public Prosecution Office. Muchuchisi anozosvitsa nyaya iyi kumatare akakodzera. MuDubai, nyaya dzekuba dzinotongwa neDare reDubai, iro rinosanganisira Dare Rekutanga, Dare Rokukwidza, uye Dare reCassation. Saizvozvo, muSharjah, iyo Sharjah Courts sisitimu inobata nyaya dzekuba ichitevera chimiro chimwe chetecho.
Zvirango zvemhosva dzekuba muUAE zvakatsanangurwa muFederal Penal Code uye zvinogona kusanganisira kusungwa, faindi, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kudzingwa kwevanhu vasiri veUAE. Hukuru hwechirango hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekukosha kwechinhu chakabiwa, kushandiswa kwechisimba kana mhirizhonga, uye kuti mhosva yacho imhosva kekutanga here kana kuti inodzokororwa.
UAE inobata sei nyaya dzekuba dzinosanganisira vanobva kunze kwenyika kana zvizvarwa zvekunze?
Mitemo yeUAE pamhosva dzekuba inoshanda zvakaenzana kune vese vagari vekuEmirati nevanobva kunze kwenyika kana vatorwa vanogara kana kushanyira nyika. Vekune dzimwe nyika vanopomerwa mhosva dzekuba vachapinda munzira yepamutemo sezvizvarwa zveEmirati, kusanganisira kuferefeta, kupomerwa mhosva, uye kutongwa kwematare sezviri muFederal Penal Code.
Nekudaro, pamusoro pezvirango zvakataurwa mukodhi yechirango, sekusungwa uye faindi, vanobuda kunze kwenyika kana vekunze vanobatwa nemhosva dzakakomba dzekuba vanogona kutarisana nekudzingwa kubva kuUAE. Izvi zvinowanzoita sezvisarudzo zvedare nevakuru vakakodzera zvichienderana nekuoma kwemhosva uye mamiriro emunhu. Zvakakosha kuti vari kunze kwenyika pamwe nezvizvarwa zvekune dzimwe nyika muUAE vazive uye vatevedzere mitemo yenyika maererano nekubiwa nemhosva dzemidziyo. Chero kutyorwa kwemutemo kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba emutemo, kusanganisira kusungwa, faindi huru, uye kudzingwa, zvichikanganisa kugona kwavo kugara nekushanda muUAE.
Ndezvipi zvirango zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemhosva dzekuba muUAE?
| Mhando yeMhosva yekuba | chitarafu |
|---|---|
| Petty Kuba (Chinhu chakakosha pasi peAED 3,000) | Kusungwa kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 6 |
| Kubiwa neMushandi kana Mushandi | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 3 |
| Kuba neKubiridzira kana Kubiridzira | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 3 |
| Grand Theft (Chinhu chakakosha kupfuura AED 3,000) | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 7 |
| Aggravated Theft (Kusanganisira mhirizhonga kana kutyisidzira kwechisimba) | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 10 |
| Burglary | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 10 |
| Kubata | Kusungwa kusvika kumakore matatu uye/kana faindi kusvika kuAED 15 |
| Kuzivikanwa Kunoba | Zvirango zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kukura kwemhosva, asi zvinogona kusanganisira kusungwa uye/kana faindi. |
| Kubiwa Kwemotokari | Inowanzobatwa senzira yekuba kukuru, nezvirango zvinosanganisira kusungwa kusvika kumakore manomwe uye/kana faindi inosvika kuAED 7. |
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvirango izvi zvinoenderana neUAE Federal Penal Code, uye mutongo chaiwo unogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyaya, sekukosha kwechinhu chakabiwa, kushandiswa kwechisimba kana mhirizhonga, uye kuti mhosva imhosva kekutanga kana inodzokororwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vanobva kunze kwenyika kana vekunze vanobatwa nemhosva dzakakomba dzekuba vanogona kutarisana nekudzingwa kubva kuUAE.
Kuti uzvidzivirire uye uzvidzivirire uye pfuma yako, zvinokurudzirwa kuita matanho ekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu uye rwemari, kushandisa nzira dzekubhadhara dzakachengeteka, kuita hungwaru mukutengeserana kwemari, uye kukurumidza kushuma nyaya dzipi nedzipi dzinofungidzirwa dzekubiridzira kana kuba kune zviremera.
Ko hurongwa hwemutemo hweUAE hunosiyanisa sei kuba kudiki uye nzira dzakakomba dzekuba?
Iyo UAE's Federal Penal Code inosiyanisa zviri pachena pakati pekuba kudiki uye dzimwe nzira dzakakomba dzekuba zvichienderana nekukosha kwechinhu chakabiwa uye mamiriro akatenderedza mhosva. Kuba kudiki, kunozivikanwawo sehumbavha hudiki, kunowanzobatanidza kutorwa kusingatenderwe kwepfuma kana zvinhu zveukoshi hushoma (pasi peAED 3,000). Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa semhosva uye zvinotakura zvirango zvakareruka, sekuvharirwa mwedzi mitanhatu uye/kana faindi inosvika zviuru zvishanu zveAED.
Kusiyana neizvi, humbavha hwakanyanya, sehumbavha hwakakura kana humbavha hwakanyanya, hunosanganisira kutora zvisiri pamutemo pfuma kana midziyo yeukoshi hwakakosha (kupfuura AED 3,000) kana kushandiswa kwechisimba, kutyisidzira, kana kutyisidzira panguva yekuba. Mhosva idzi dzinobatwa semhosva dziri pasi pemutemo weUAE uye dzinogona kuguma nekurangwa zvakaomarara, kusanganisira kugara mujeri kwemakore akati wandei uye faindi dzakakura. Semuyenzaniso, humbavha hukuru hunogona kutungamirira kuhusungwa kusvika kumakore manomwe uye/kana faindi inosvika kuAED 30,000, ukuwo humbavha hwakanyanyisa hunobatanidza mhirizhonga hunogona kuguma nokupinzwa mutorongo kumakore gumi uye/kana faindi inosvika kuAED 50,000.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekubira kudiki uye nzira dzakakomba dzekubira muhurongwa hwemutemo hweUAE unobva pafungidziro yekuti kuomarara kwemhosva nemabatiro ayo pamunhu anenge abatwa kunofanirwa kuratidzwa mukuoma kwechirango. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pekudzivisa mabasa ehutsotsi uye kuona migumisiro yakanaka uye yakaenzana kune vapari vemhosva.
Ndedzipi kodzero dzevanopomerwa mhosva dzehumbavha muUAE?
MuUAE, vanhu vanopomerwa mhosva dzekuba vane kodzero yedzimwe kodzero dzemutemo nedziviriro pasi pemutemo. Kodzero idzi dzakagadzirirwa kuti tive nechokwadi chekutongwa kwakanaka uye nzira yakakodzera. Dzimwe kodzero dzinokosha dzevari kupomerwa mhosva dzehumbavha dzinosanganisira kodzero yekumiririrwa zviri pamutemo, kodzero yekuva muturikiri kana zvichidiwa, uye kodzero yekupa humbowo nezvapupu zvinovadzivirira.
Iyo UAE's Justice system inosimudzirawo musimboti wekufungidzira kusava nemhosva, zvichireva kuti vanhu vanopomerwa vanoonekwa sevasina mhosva kudzamara vawanikwa vaine mhosva pasina kupokana. Panguva yekuferefetwa nekutongwa, vezvemitemo nevakuru vematare vanofanirwa kutevedzera nzira dzakafanira uye kuremekedza kodzero dzeanopomerwa mhosva, sekodzero yekuzvipa mhosva uye kodzero yekuziviswa nezvemhosva yavari kupomerwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vari kupomerwa mhosva vane kodzero yekupikisa mhosva kana mutongo wavanenge vapihwa nedare kana vachitenda kuti pakange pasina kururamisirwa kana kuti pakabuda humbowo hutsva. Kukwidzwa kwenyaya iyi kunopa mukana kudare repamusoro kuti riongorore nyaya yacho uye kuona kuti kutongwa kwaitwa zviri pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo.
Pane zvirango zvakasiyana zvemhosva dzekuba muUAE pasi pemutemo weSharia uye Penal Code?
United Arab Emirates inotevera hurongwa hwemitemo huviri, uko zvese zviri zviviri mutemo weSharia neFederal Penal Code zvinoshanda. Nepo mutemo weSharia uchinyanya kushandiswa kumamiriro emunhu uye dzimwe nyaya dzehutsotsi dzinosanganisira maMuslim, iyo Federal Penal Code ndiyo yekutanga sosi yemutemo unotonga mhosva, kusanganisira mhosva dzekuba, kune vese vagari nevagari muUAE. Pasi pemutemo weSharia, chirango chekuba (chinozivikanwa se "sariqah") chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emhosva uye dudziro yenyanzvi dzemutemo dzechiIslam. Kazhinji, mutemo weSharia unoraira zvirango zvakakomba zvembavha, sekudimburwa ruoko pamhosva dzinodzokororwa. Nekudaro, zvirango izvi hazviwanzo kuitwa muUAE, sezvo hurongwa hwemutemo hwenyika hunonyanya kuvimba neFederal Penal Code yenyaya dzemhosva.
Iyo Federal Penal Code yeUAE inodonongodza zvirango zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemhosva dzekuba, kubva kuba diki kusvika kuhumbavha, kuba, uye kuba kwakanyanyisa. Zvirango izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kuvharirwa uye/kana muripo, nekuoma kwechirango zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai sekukosha kwezvinhu zvakabiwa, kushandiswa kwechisimba kana chisimba, uye kuti mhosva yacho imhosva kekutanga here kana kuti inodzokororwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti nepo hurongwa hwemutemo hweUAE hwakavakirwa pamisimboti yeSharia uye mitemo yakakodhewa, kushandiswa kwechirango cheSharia chemhosva dzekuba hachiwanzo kuitika. Iyo Federal Penal Code inoshanda seyo yekutanga sosi yemitemo yekupomera uye kuranga mhosva dzekuba, ichipa hwaro hwakakwana hunoenderana nemaitiro emazuva ano emutemo uye mwero wepasi rose.
Ndeipi nzira yepamutemo yekuzivisa nyaya dzekuba muUAE?
Danho rekutanga muhurongwa hwemutemo hwekumhan'ara nyaya dzekuba muUAE nderekumhan'ara kuvakuru vemapurisa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekushanyira kamba yemapurisa iri pedyo kana kuvabata nenhamba dzavo dzenharembozha dzechimbichimbi. Zvakakosha kushuma chiitiko nekukasira uye kupa ruzivo rwakawanda sezvinobvira, kusanganisira tsananguro yezvinhu zvakabiwa, nguva yakatarwa nenzvimbo yakabiwa, uye chero humbowo hunogona kuitika kana zvapupu.
Kana chichemo chaiswa, mapurisa anobva atanga kuferefeta nyaya iyi. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuunganidza humbowo kubva munzvimbo yemhosva, kubvunzurudza vangangove zvapupu, uye kuongorora mifananidzo yekutarisa kana iripo. Mapurisa anogonawo kukumbira rumwe ruzivo kana zvinyorwa kubva kumumhan'ari kuti zvibatsire mukuferefeta kwavo. Kana ongororo iyi ikapa humbowo hwakakwana, nyaya iyi ichaendeswa kuPublic Prosecution Office kuti ienderere mberi nematare. Muchuchisi achaongorora humbowo uye kuona kana paine zvikonzero zvekumhan'arira munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ane mhosva. Kana mhosva dzikamhan'arwa, nyaya yacho ichaenderera mberi nedare.
Panguva yekutongwa kwedare, vose vari kuchuchisa nevanodzivirira vachawana mukana wekutaura zvavanotaura uye humbowo pamberi pemutongi kana boka revatongi. Munhu ari kupomerwa ane kodzero yekumiririrwa zviri pamutemo uye anogona kubvunzurudza zvapupu opikisa humbowo hunenge hwapihwa kwavari. Kana uyo ari kupomerwa akawanikwa aine mhosva yekuba, dare rinopa mutongo zvinoenderana neUAE's Federal Penal Code. Hukuru hwechirango huchaenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekukosha kwechinhu chakabiwa, kushandiswa kwechisimba kana mhirizhonga, uye kuti mhosva yacho imhosva yekutanga here kana kuti inodzokororwa. Zvirango zvinogona kubva mufaindi uye kupfigirwa mutirongo kuenda kudzingwa kune vasiri veUAE mumatare emhosva dzakakomba dzekuba.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti panguva yese yemutemo, kodzero dzeari kupomerwa dzinofanira kuchengetedzwa, kusanganisira kufungidzira kuti haana mhosva kusvika anzi ane mhosva, kodzero yekumiririrwa nemutemo, uye kodzero yekupikisa chero mhosva kana mutongo.
