Kugulitsa amanena za mlandu wonamiza chikalata, siginecha, ndalama ya ndalama, zojambulajambula, kapena zinthu zina n’cholinga chonamiza ena. Ndi mlandu waukulu womwe ungabweretse zilango zazikulu zamalamulo. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika mozama mitundu yosiyanasiyana yabodza yomwe imadziwika pansi pa malamulo a UAE, malamulo ogwirizana nawo, komanso zilango zowopsa zomwe zimadikirira omwe apezeka olakwa.
Kodi Tanthauzo Lotani la Forgery pansi pa Lamulo la UAE?
Kugulitsa ndi njira yopangira, kusinthira, kapena kutsanzira zinthu kapena zolemba ndi cholinga chonyenga. Kumaphatikizapo kupanga chinachake chabodza kuti tipeze phindu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kubera ndalama, kupanga zojambulajambula zabodza, kusaina ma siginecha pamapepala ovomerezeka, kusintha macheke kuti abe ndalama, ndi zina zachinyengo. ntchito. Zimatanthauzidwa pansi pa Federal Law No. 3 of 1987 (Penal Code) mu Article 216.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa zabodza kuchokera ku makope kapena kubwereza:
- Kufuna kubera kapena kunyenga - Zabodza zimapangidwa ndi cholinga cholakwika osati kuberekana kovomerezeka.
- Kuyimira zabodza - Opanga anganene kuti ntchito yawo ndi yovomerezeka kapena yopangidwa ndi wina.
- Kusintha kwa mtengo - Zosintha zimapangidwira kuti ziwonjezere mtengo kapena kupanga phindu.
Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino za zinthu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi onyenga zikuphatikizapo makontrakitala, macheke, ndalama, zikalata zozindikiritsa, zakale zaluso, zojambulajambula, zosonkhanitsidwa, ndi zolemba zachuma. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndiyakuti chinyengo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zikalata kapena zida zovomerezeka. Sikuti zotengera zilizonse zimakhala zabodza - zokhazo zokhudzana ndi zolemba zamalamulo/ndalama zomwe zidanamizira mosaloledwa.
Ndi Mitundu Yanji Yosiyanasiyana ya Forgery Yodziwika ku UAE?
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonyenga kutengera mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chikunama. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yabodza ndi:
Document Forgery
Izi zikuphatikizapo kupanga zikalata zabodza kapena kusintha zidziwitso zovomerezeka pazifukwa zachinyengo. Zolinga zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Zizindikiro - Ziphatso zoyendetsa, mapasipoti, makhadi achitetezo cha anthu.
- Zikalata zachuma - Macheke, zolipira, zofunsira ngongole.
- Zolemba zamalamulo - Mapangano, ma wilo, zochita, zolemba za ophunzira.
Njira zamakono zikuphatikizapo zachinyengo, kusintha masamba, kuyika zolemba zatsopano pazolemba zenizeni, kufufuta kapena kuwonjezera zidziwitso, kutsata siginecha kuchokera ku zolemba zina.
Siginecha Forgery
Kubera siginecha imayang'ana kwambiri pakunamiza dzina la munthu wina lolembedwa pamanja. Zolinga zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- macheke - Kusintha kuchuluka, dzina la wolandila, kapena siginecha yolemba kabati.
- Zolemba zalamulo - Kupanga siginecha pamawilo, makontrakitala, ntchito.
- Zojambula -Kuwonjezera siginecha zabodza kuti muwonjezere mtengo.
- Zinthu zakale - Kunena zabodza zinthu za anthu otchuka.
Opanga phunzirani kutsanzira mosamala zinthu monga mawonekedwe a zilembo, kalembedwe ka cholembera, dongosolo la sitiroko ndi kukakamiza.
Zonama
Zonama kumaphatikizapo kupanga zifaniziro zabodza za zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi cholinga chobera mabizinesi ndi ogula. Zolinga zikuphatikiza:
- ndalama - Zambiri zabodza - $ 100 ngongole ku US. Kuzungulira mpaka $ 70 miliyoni.
- Katundu wapamwamba - Zovala zopangidwa, mawotchi, zodzikongoletsera zimakopedwa.
- Ma kirediti kadi/ma kirediti kadi - Itha kubwerezedwa ndi data yabedwa.
- matikiti - Maulendo abodza, matikiti amisonkhano amagulitsidwa pa intaneti.
Osindikiza otsogola ndi zida zatsopano zachitetezo zimapangitsa kuti zopeka zamakono zikhale zokhutiritsa kwambiri.
Art Forgery
Art forgery amatanthauza kupanga ntchito zofanana ndi za ojambula otchuka ndikuzipereka ngati zojambula kapena ziboliboli zoyambirira. Zolinga zake ndi monga kutchuka, kutsimikizika, ndi phindu lalikulu kuchokera kwa otolera zojambulajambula omwe akufuna kulipira ndalama zambiri pazidutswa zasowa, zotayika.
Opanga kudzipereka zaka kufufuza zipangizo amisiri, luso ndi masitayilo. Ambiri ali ndi luso lazojambula, amaphunzira mozama machitidwe a sitiroko, maburashi, mapenti amtundu wa craquelure ndi ma fake omwe amatha kunyenga akatswiri apamwamba.
Digital Media Forgery
Kutsogola kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti anthu azinamizira zama digito kuphatikiza zithunzi, makanema, zomvera, mawebusayiti ndi zina zambiri. Kukwera kwa deepfakes ikuwonetsa njira zamphamvu zoyendetsedwa ndi AI popanga makanema abodza a anthu akuchita kapena kunena zinthu zomwe sanachitepo.
Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndi monga zithunzi za photoshopping, kuwongolera zomvera, kuwononga mawebusayiti, kusintha zikalata zojambulidwa, kapena kupanga zithunzi ndi ma logo. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zabodza, zabodza, zabodza, kuba zachinsinsi komanso zachinyengo pa intaneti.
Seal Forgery
Seal forgery ndi mtundu wina wabodza womwe umakhudza kupanga kosaloledwa, kubwereza, kapena kusintha zisindikizo kapena masitampu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe aboma, mabungwe, kapena mabizinesi. Zisindikizozi zimakhala ngati njira yotsimikizira kuti zikalata zofunika, makontrakitala, ziphaso, ndi zolemba zina zovomerezeka ndi zoona.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyengo cha chisindikizo chagona mu kuthekera kwake kusokoneza kukhulupirika ndi kukhulupirika kwa zolemba zofunikazi. Mwa kupanga zisindikizo zabodza kapena kusintha zomwe zilipo kale, olakwira atha kupanga zikalata zabodza zomwe zimawoneka ngati zenizeni, zomwe zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zalamulo, zachuma, kapena mbiri ya anthu kapena mabungwe.
Kodi Pali Kusiyana Kotani Pakati pa Forgery ndi Falsification?
| Mbali | Kugulitsa | Kunamizira |
|---|---|---|
| Tanthauzo | Kupanga chikalata chabodza, chinthu kapena kutsanzira kuyambira pachiwonetsero ndi cholinga chonyenga kapena kubera, monga tafotokozera mu Article 216 ya UAE Penal Code. | Kusintha kapena kusokoneza chikalata choyambirira kapena chinthu kuti tifotokoze molakwika mfundo, malinga ndi Ndime 215. |
| zitsanzo | Ndalama zachinyengo, madigirii abodza akuyunivesite, zojambulajambula, zidziwitso zabodza kapena masiginecha. | Kusintha malipoti ovomerezeka, kusintha mawu a mgwirizano, kusokoneza zilembo zamalonda kapena zomwe mukufuna. |
| Cholinga | Chotsani cholinga chonyenga polenga china chake chabodza. | Kufuna kupotoza chowonadi posintha zinthu zenizeni. |
| Zilango | Kumangidwa kwakanthawi komanso/kapena chindapusa. Kwa omwe ali kunja, kuthamangitsidwa kutha kuchitika nthawi zina. | Kutsekeredwa, chindapusa ndi/kapena kuthamangitsidwa kutengera kuuma. Harsher kwa akuluakulu aboma. |
| Mgwirizano | Ngati kunama kumachitika panthawi yachinyengo, milandu yonse iwiri imalangidwa mosiyana. | Ngati chinyengo ndi gawo la njira yonyenga, onse amatengedwa ngati mlandu umodzi ndi chilango chophatikizidwa. |
| Zitsanzo | Kukhululukidwa kwina kwa zojambulajambula, zachipongwe kapena ngati palibe zolinga zachinyengo. | Kukhululukidwa kochepa kumagwira ntchito. |
| Zolakwa Zina | Nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi chinyengo, kugwiritsa ntchito zikalata zabodza, ndi zina. | Zingaphatikizenso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo kapena kuphwanya zina. |
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti chinyengo chimayamba kuchokera pachimake kupanga china chake chabodza, pomwe kunama kumasintha mwachinyengo zolemba kapena zinthu zenizeni. Malamulo a UAE amalimbana ndi milandu yonse iwiri kuti asunge umphumphu.
Kodi Zilango za Forgery ku UAE ndi ziti?
Milandu yabodza ku UAE imathetsedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo zilango zitha kukhala zowopsa kutengera mtundu waumbanda womwe wachitika. Nazi zilango zomwe zingatheke pamilandu yosankhidwa yabodza:
Document Forgery
- Kwa zikalata zovomerezeka: M'ndende kwakanthawi mpaka zaka 10 (UAE Penal Code Article 251)
- Kwa zikalata zosavomerezeka: Kumangidwa kogamulidwa ndi khoti, kucheperachepera poyerekeza ndi kupeka kwa zikalata zaboma
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zikalata zabodza: Mpaka zaka 5 kuseri kwa mipiringidzo (UAE Penal Code Article 217)
Siginecha Forgery
- Kubwereza siginecha pazikalata kumakhala pansi pa zilango zamilandu yabodza
Zonama
- Ndalama zachinyengo zimaonedwa kuti ndizosokoneza kwambiri kayendetsedwe kazachuma
- Zilango zokhwima kuphatikiza kumangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chindapusa chokwera zimagwiranso ntchito
Art Forgery
- Zilango zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtengo wa zojambula zonyenga ndi zolinga (kunyenga ogula, kuwononga mbiri ya ojambula)
- Zitha kukhala kuchokera ku chindapusa chandalama mpaka kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kutengera zomwe zili
Digital Media Forgery
- Pansi pa Federal Decree-Law No. 34/2021:
- Kupanga zikalata zamagetsi aboma / aboma: Nthawi yandende yakanthawi ndi chindapusa cha AED 150,000-750,000
- Kupanga zikalata zamabungwe ena: Kutsekeredwa ndi/kapena AED 100,000-300,000 chindapusa
Seal Forgery
- Amaganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo lamilandu yabodza
- Kutengera zilango zomwe zafotokozedwa pamilandu yabodza
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti UAE imatenga njira yosalolera chinyengo chamtundu uliwonse, ndi zilango zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa zinthu zosaloledwa zomwe zimasokoneza kukhulupilika ndi kukhulupilika.
Kupewa Forgeries
Kuchepetsa zochitika zachinyengo kumafuna chitetezo chokwanira, chokhazikika pa:
Kusunga Zolemba
- Sungani zinthu zobisika motetezeka - ma safes, mabokosi okhoma, ma drive osungidwa.
- Chepetsani kupezeka kwakuthupi/pa digito ndi maofesi okhoma, mfundo zachinsinsi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito makamera, ma alarm, ogwira ntchito zachitetezo.
Authentication Technology
- Biometrics - kuzindikira zala, nkhope ndi iris.
- Blockchain - ledger yogawa yama digito.
- Ma signature a digito - zizindikiritso zobisika zotsimikizira zowona.
Maphunziro Ogwiritsa Ntchito
- Phunzitsani ogwira ntchito kuti awone zonyenga - zindikirani zikalata zosinthidwa, ma watermark, zizindikiro zotsimikizira.
- Limbikitsani makampeni odziwitsa anthu zachinyengo zofotokoza zoopsa ndi mfundo zopewera.
Kulemba Ntchito Mosamala
- Onetsetsani bwino anthu ogwira ntchito musanapereke chikalata kapena mwayi wopeza ndalama.
- Chitani macheke am'mbuyo mwaupandu, macheke angongole, kutsimikizira ntchito.
Njira Zodziwira Zabodza
Njira zingapo zazamalamulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza ndi zolemba oyesa kudziwa ngati zinthuzo ndi zenizeni kapena zonyenga:
- Kusanthula pamanja - Kuyerekeza mafonti, masinthidwe, mawonekedwe a sitiroko, kukakamiza ndi kusaina.
- Kusanthula mapepala - Kuwerenga ma watermark, ma logo, kapangidwe kake ndi ma fiber.
- Kutsimikizira kwa inki - Mtundu woyesera, mapangidwe a mankhwala, makulidwe ophatikizidwa.
- kulingalira - Ma microscopes, spectrometry, mayeso a ESDA ndi mapulogalamu amajambula apakompyuta.
Kulemba pamanja ndi zolemba akatswiri phunzirani zambiri kuti muwunike mwadongosolo zolemba ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo a modemu. Amapereka malipoti atsatanetsatane pamayeso awo ndi zomwe apeza zokhudzana ndi zowona.
Pazojambula zazikulu zomwe zimawononga mazana a zikwi kapena ntchito zokayikitsa, eni ake amagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwasayansi kutsimikizira zoyambira ndikuwulula zomwe zingatheke. zonyenga. Mayeso amayang'ana zida, dothi lazaka ndi grime layers, masitampu a canvas, chibwenzi cha radioisotope ndi gawo la infrared spectroscopy yowunika magawo angapo a utoto.
Kodi Njira Yoperekera Mlandu Wabodza ku Dubai ndi Chiyani?
Ngati mukukayikira kuti ndinu wozunzidwa ku Dubai, mutha kuyika mlandu ku Police ya Dubai. Chinthu choyamba ndi kupita kupolisi yapafupi ndi ofesi ndikukadandaula. Khalani okonzeka kufotokoza zambiri za zomwe zachitika, umboni uliwonse womwe mungakhale nawo, monga zolemba zabodza kapena zinthu, komanso chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudza womuganizira.
Akapereka madandaulo, apolisi adzafufuza bwinobwino za nkhaniyi. Atha kukupemphani zolemba zina kapena umboni kuchokera kwa inu, ndipo atha kuyitananso woimbidwa mlandu kuti amufunse mafunso. Malinga ndi zovuta za mlanduwu, kufufuzako kungatenge nthawi.
Apolisi akapeza umboni wokwanira, atumiza nkhaniyi ku Public Prosecution. Woimira boma pamlanduwo adzaunikanso mlanduwo ndi kusankha ngati aimbidwa mlandu kapena ayi. Ngati milandu yaperekedwa, mlanduwo udzapita ku makhothi a Dubai, komwe udzazengedwa malinga ndi malamulo a UAE pazabodza. Ndikoyenera kufunafuna aphungu azamalamulo kuti akutsogolereni pamaweruzo.
Kodi Loya Wapadera angathandize bwanji?
Kuyenda pamlandu wabodza ku UAE kungakhale njira yovuta komanso yovuta, poganizira kuopsa kwa cholakwacho komanso zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi malamulo adzikolo. Kufunafuna thandizo kwa loya amene ali ndi katswiri wosamalira milandu yabodza kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo.
Loya wapadera adzakhala ndi chidziwitso chozama komanso kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo oyenerera, ndondomeko za khoti, ndi zofunikira za umboni zokhudzana ndi milandu yabodza. Atha kukupatsani chitsogozo chaukatswiri pakupanga mlandu wamphamvu, kusonkhanitsa ndi kupereka umboni moyenera, ndikuyimirani bwino kukhothi. Kudziwa kwawo zovuta zamilandu yotere kungakhale kofunika kwambiri popanga njira zoyenera zamalamulo.
Komanso, loya wodziwa zachinyengo atha kukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira pazomwe zingachitike ndi zotsatira za mlanduwo, kukuthandizani kuti mupange zisankho mozindikira. Athanso kukambirana ndi akuluakulu aboma m'malo mwanu, kuyimira ufulu wanu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zamalamulo ndi zachilungamo komanso zowonekera. Ukadaulo wawo wosamalira milandu yofananira ukhoza kukulitsa mwayi wanu wopeza yankho labwino.
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