I-United Arab Emirates (UAE) inenkqubo yezomthetho eguqukayo nenamacala amaninzi. Ngokudityaniswa kwemithetho yomanyano esebenzayo kwilizwe lonke nakwimithetho yasekhaya ethe ngqo kwi-emirate nganye kwezisixhenxe, ukuqonda ububanzi obupheleleyo bemithetho ye-UAE kunokubonakala kunzima.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikezeni isishwankathelo sesitshixo imithetho yendawo kulo lonke i-UAE ukunceda abahlali, shishini, yaye iindwendwe ukuxabisa ukutyeba kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho kunye namalungelo kunye noxanduva lwabo ngaphakathi kwayo.
Amatye ekona e-UAE's Hybrid Legal Landscape
Iimfundiso ezininzi eziphambili zisekela ilaphu elisemthethweni elikhethekileyo le-UAE elilukwe kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, umgaqo-siseko ubeka umthetho weSharia yamaSilamsi njengomthombo womthetho osisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo-siseko uphinde waseka iNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-Federal, ezigqibo zayo zibophelela ngokusemthethweni kwi-Emirates.
Ngaphaya koko, i-emirate yomntu ngamnye inokwenza iinkundla zalapha ekhaya phantsi kwenkqubo yomanyano okanye itshati ikhosi yayo ezimeleyo njengeDubai kunye neRas Al Khaimah. Ukongeza, iindawo ezikhethiweyo ezikhululekileyo eDubai nase-Abu Dhabi zisebenzisa imigaqo yomthetho eqhelekileyo kwiingxabano zorhwebo.
Ke ngoko, ukutyhilwa koluhlu lwemithetho kwiziphathamandla zomanyano, amabhunga eemirate zasekhaya, kunye nemimandla yenkundla ezimeleyo kufuna inkuthalo emandla kwiingcali zomthetho nakubantu ngokufanayo.
Imithetho ye-Federal ibambe i-Sway kwiMithetho yeNdawo
Ngelixa umgaqo-siseko ugunyazisa i-emirarates ukuba ibhengeze imithetho malunga nemicimbi yasekhaya, umthetho we-federal uthatha indawo yokuqala kwimimandla ebalulekileyo enyanzeliswa inkqubo yobulungisa dubai njengabasebenzi, urhwebo, iintengiselwano zoluntu, irhafu, kunye nomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho. Makhe siphonononge eminye imigaqo engundoqo yomanyano ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi.
UMthetho wezaBasebenzi uKhusela amaLungelo abaSebenzi
Oyena ndoqo womthetho wengqesho wobumbano nguMthetho wezaBasebenzi wowe-1980, olawula iiyure zokusebenza, iholide, amagqabi okugula, abasebenzi abasebatsha, kunye nemiqathango yokuyeka emsebenzini kuwo wonke amaqumrhu abucala. Abasebenzi bakarhulumente baphantsi koMthetho we-Federal Human Resource ka-2008. Iindawo ezikhululekileyo ziqulunqa imimiselo yengqesho eyahlukileyo ehambelana nokugxila kwabo kwezorhwebo.
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye neMimiselo ye-DUI
Ecaleni namazwe aseGulf angabamelwane, i-UAE igunyazisa izohlwayo eziqatha ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni, ukusukela ekugxothweni ukuya ekubulaweni kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo. Umthetho ochasene neziyobisi unikezela ngezikhokelo ezibanzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwaye uchaza kanye kanye izohlwayo zamatyala eziyobisi e-UAE, ngelixa ikhowudi yesohlwayo ichaza amaxesha abekiweyo achanekileyo.
Ngokufanayo, ukuqhuba unxilile kumema izigwebo eziqatha ezisemthethweni njengexesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni, ukunqunyanyiswa kwelayisensi kunye nezohlwayo ezinzima. Umyinge owahlukileyo kukuba iintsapho zase-Emiriti ezinqabileyo zinokufumana iilayisensi zotywala, ngelixa iihotele zibonelela abakhenkethi kunye nabaphuma kumazwe angaphandle. Kodwa akukho kunyamezelwa kwezero malunga neengcebiso zoluntu.
Imithetho yezeMali ehambelana neMigangatho yeHlabathi
Imithetho eyomeleleyo ilawula i-UAE's banking kunye necandelo lezemali, ligxile kulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi ngemigangatho yobalo lwe-IFRS kunye nohlolo olungqongqo lwe-AML. Umthetho omtsha weeNkampani zoRhwebo ukwagunyazisa ukuba kunyuswe ingxelo yezemali kwiifemu ezidweliswe esidlangalaleni. Le migaqo yezemali iyadibana Imithetho ye-uae ekuqokeleleni amatyala kwiindawo ezifana neenkqubo zokubhanga.
Kwirhafu, i-2018 yamkele i-watershed ye-5% ye-Value Added Tax yokuqinisa ingeniso yelizwe ngaphaya kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-hydrocarbon. Lilonke, ugxininiso lusekuqulunqeni umthetho olungele abatyali-zimali ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ulongamelo lolawulo.
Yeyiphi iMithetho yeNtlalo omele uyazi?
Ngaphaya kwezorhwebo, i-UAE imisela imithetho ebalulekileyo yentlalontle ejikeleze iinqobo ezisesikweni njengemfezeko, unyamezelo kunye nokuziphatha okuthozamileyo koluntu ngokweethos zenkcubeko yama-Arabhu. Nangona kunjalo, iiprothokholi zonyanzeliso zenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo ukugcina ilaphu le-UAE le-cosmopolitan. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasetyhini kwi-UAE ngumba obalulekileyo wale mithetho yezentlalo. Makhe siphonononge ezinye iinkalo eziphambili:
Izithintelo malunga noBudlelwane kunye nePDA
Naluphi na unxulumano lothando ngaphandle komtshato osesikweni aluvumelekanga ngokusemthethweni kwaye lusenokubandakanya izigwebo eziqatha ukuba kufunyenwe kwaye kuxeliwe. Ngokufanayo, izibini ezingatshatanga azikwazi ukwabelana ngeendawo zabucala ngelixa imiboniso kawonke-wonke ebonakalayo efana nokuncamisa iyinto engafanelekanga kwaye ihlawuliswa. Abahlali kufuneka balumke malunga nezijekulo zothando kunye nokukhetha iimpahla.
Imidiya kunye nokuFota
Kukho imida malunga nokufota amaziko karhulumente kunye neendawo zomkhosi ngelixa ukwabelana ngemifanekiso yabasetyhini bendawo kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwemvume yabo kuvaliwe. Ukusasazwa kokugxeka kwemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kumaqonga oluntu nako kusemthethweni, nangona iikholamu ezilinganisiweyo zivumelekile.
Ukuhlonipha iMigangatho yeNkcubeko yeNdawo
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezimenyezelayo kunye nendlela yokuphila yokuzonwabisa, abemi base-Emirati baxhasa izithethe zamaSilamsi ngokuthozama, ukunyamezelana ngokwenkolo kunye namaziko osapho. Ke ngoko, bonke abahlali kufuneka bakuphephe ukutshintshiselana esidlangalaleni malunga nemiba ephikisanayo efana nezopolitiko okanye ezesondo ezinokukhubekisa ubuntu bomthonyama.
Yeyiphi iMithetho yasekuhlaleni onokuthi uyilandele?
Ngelixa igunya lomdibaniso libamba ngokufanelekileyo izihloko zeendaba, imiba emininzi ebalulekileyo malunga neemeko zokuphila kunye namalungelo obunini alungelelaniswa ngemithetho yasekhaya kwi-Emirate nganye. Makhe sihlalutye imimandla ethile apho imithetho yengingqi ibamba amandla:
Iimpepha-mvume zoTywala zisebenza ekuhlaleni kuphela
Ukufumana ilayisenisi yotywala kufuna iimvume zokuqesha ezisebenzayo ezingqina ubuhlali kuloo Emirate. Abakhenkethi bafumana imvume yethutyana yenyanga enye kwaye kufuneka bahloniphe imigaqo engqongqo malunga neendawo zokusela ezichongiweyo kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle. Abasemagunyeni base-Emirate banokuhlawulisa izohlwayo zokwaphulwa komthetho.
IMimiselo yoShishino lwaselunxwemeni kunye ne-Offshore
Iinkampani zeMainland kulo lonke elaseDubai kunye ne-Abu Dhabi ziphendula kwimithetho yobunini bomdibaniso ebeka imiba yangaphandle kwi-49%. Ngeli xesha, imimandla yoqoqosho ekhethekileyo ibonelela nge-100% yobunini baphesheya kolwandle kodwa ithintela ukurhweba ekhaya ngaphandle kweqabane lasekuhlaleni elibambe i-51% yezabelo. Ukuqonda amagunya kubalulekile.
Imithetho yoCando lweNdawo yeReal Estate
I-Emirate nganye yahlula imimandla yorhwebo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nezoshishino. Abantu basemzini abanakuthenga izakhiwo ezisimahla kwiindawo ezifana neBurj Khalifa okanye iPalm Jumeirah, ngelixa uphuhliso lwelokishi olukhethiweyo lufumaneka kwingqeshiso yeminyaka engama-99. Funa umcebisi weengcali ukuze uphephe imigibe yomthetho.
Imithetho yasekuhlaleni kwi-UAE
I-UAE ine inkqubo yomthetho ekabili, enamagunya ahlulwe phakathi kwamaziko amanyeneyo nawendawo. Ngelixa imithetho yomanyano ikhutshwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho ye-UAE igubungela iindawo ezifana umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, umthetho woluntu, umthetho wezorhwebo kwaye ukufuduka, i-emirates ngabanye banegunya lokuphuhlisa imithetho yasekhaya ejongene nentlalontle, uqoqosho kunye nemicimbi kamasipala ekhethekileyo kuloo mbuso.
Njenge, imithetho yasekuhlaleni iyahluka ngaphesheya kwe-Abu Dhabi, iDubai, iSharjah, i-Ajman, i-Umm Al Quwain, iRas Al Khaimah kunye ne-Fujairah - i-emirates ezisixhenxe ezenza i-UAE. Le mithetho ichaphazela imiba yobomi bemihla ngemihla njengobudlelwane bosapho, ubunini bomhlaba, imisebenzi yeshishini, utshintshiselwano lwezemali kunye nokuziphatha koluntu.
Ukufikelela kwiMithetho yeNdawo
igosa iigazethi kunye neephothali ezisemthethweni ze-emirates ezifanelekileyo zibonelela ngezona nguqulelo zihlaziyiweyo zemithetho. Abaninzi ngoku banazo iinguqulelo zesiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, i Isicatshulwa sesi-Arabhu sihlala siluxwebhu olubophelelayo ngokusemthethweni xa kukho iimpikiswano malunga nokutolika.
Iingcebiso zomthetho zobuchwephesha zinokunceda ekujongeni izinto ezibalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwizinto ezinkulu ezinjengokuseka ishishini.
IiNdawo eziPhambili eziLawulwa yiMithetho yeNgingqi
Ngelixa imimiselo ethile isahluka, eminye imixholo eqhelekileyo ivela kwimithetho yasekhaya kuzo zonke ii-emirates ezisixhenxe:
URhwebo kunye nezeMali
Iindawo zasimahla eDubai nase-Abu Dhabi zinemimiselo yazo, kodwa imithetho yalapha kwi-emirate nganye igubungela iilayisensi eziphambili kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kumashishini. Ngokomzekelo, i-Decree No.
Imithetho yendawo ikwajongana nemiba yokhuseleko lwabathengi. Umthetho we-Ajman we-4 we-2014 ubeka amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo kubathengi kunye nabathengisi kwiintengiselwano zorhwebo.
Ipropati kunye nobunini bomhlaba
Ngenxa yobunzima bokuseka itayitile kwi-UAE, ukubhaliswa kwepropathi ekhethekileyo kunye nemithetho yolawulo lomhlaba inceda ukulungelelanisa inkqubo. Umzekelo, uMthetho we-13 we-2003 wenze iSebe lezeMihlaba lase-Dubai ukuba lijonge le micimbi phakathi.
Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala ikwabonelela ngeendlela zokusombulula iingxabano kubanini-mhlaba nabaqeshi. Zombini iDubai kunye neSharjah zikhuphe imimiselo ekhethekileyo ekhusela amalungelo abaqeshi.
Imicimbi yoSapho
I-UAE ivumela i-emirate nganye ukuba ichaze imithetho elawula imiba yobume bomntu efana nomtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, ilifa kunye nokugcinwa komntwana. Ngokomzekelo, i-Ajman Law No. 2 ye-2008 ilawula umtshato phakathi kwe-Emiratis kunye nabangaphandle. Le mithetho isebenza kubemi kunye nabahlali.
Amajelo eendaba kunye noshicilelo
Ukukhuselwa kwentetho yasimahla phantsi kwemithetho yasekhaya ibhalansisa ukudala imidiya enoxanduva kunye nokuthintela ingxelo yobuxoki. Ngokomzekelo, i-Decree No. 49 ye-2018 e-Abu Dhabi ivumela abasemagunyeni ukuba bavimbe iindawo zedijithali zokupapasha umxholo ongafanelekanga.
Uphuhliso lweziSeko
Amazwe amaninzi asemantla asemantla afana neRas Al Khaimah kunye neFujairah bapasile imithetho yasekhaya ukuvumela utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiiprojekthi zokhenketho kunye nemimandla yemizi-mveliso. Ezi zinika inkuthazo ekujoliswe kuzo ukutsala abatyali-mali kunye nabaphuhlisi.
Ukucacisa iMithetho yeNdawo: Umxholo weNkcubeko
Ngelixa ukucazululwa ngokwesicatshulwa imithetho yasekuhlaleni kunokuveza unobumba wobugcisa bomthetho, ukuyixabisa ngokwenene indima yabo kufuna ukuqonda isimilo senkcubeko esiyixhasayo.
Njengekhaya kuluntu olukhulu lwamaSilamsi oluphantsi kophuhliso loqoqosho olukhawulezayo, i-UAE isebenzisa imithetho yasekhaya ukulinganisa ezo njongo zombini. Eyona njongo iphambili kukuyila ulungelelwaniso lwentlalo noqoqosho olulungelelanisa ukula maxesha kunye nelifa lemveli.
Umzekelo, imithetho yaseDubai ivumela ukuselwa kotywala kodwa ilawula ngokungqongqo iilayisensi kunye nokuziphatha okunxilileyo ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo yenkolo. Iikhowudi zokuziphatha zigcina ubuntununtunu benkcubeko yasekhaya nanjengoko i-emirates idibana noluntu lwehlabathi.
Ngaloo ndlela imithetho yendawo ifaka ikhontrakthi yentlalontle phakathi kukarhulumente nabahlali. Ukuthobela akubonisi nje ukuthotyelwa komthetho kodwa kukwabonisa nokuhlonelana. Ukuzityeshela kuyingozi yokuphelisa imvisiswano ebambe olu luntu lwahlukeneyo kunye.
Imithetho yasekuhlaleni: Iisampulu kuyo yonke i-Emirates
Ukubonisa iyantlukwano yemithetho yasekhaya efunyenwe kwi-emirate ezisixhenxe, nantsi iisampulu ekwinqanaba eliphezulu:
dubai
Umthetho onguNombolo 13 we-2003 – Kusekwe iSebe elikhethekileyo loMhlaba waseDubai kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nokuthengiselana kwepropathi ewela umda, ukubhaliswa kunye nokusombulula ingxabano.
Umthetho onguNombolo 10 we-2009 -Kusonjululwe iingxabano ezikhulayo zabaqeshi-mhlaba ngokudala iziko leengxabano zezindlu kunye nenkundla ekhethekileyo. Kwakhona kuchazwe ngezizathu zokugxothwa kunye nokhuseleko ekuhluthweni ngokungekho mthethweni kwepropati ngabanini-mhlaba phakathi kwezinye izibonelelo.
Umthetho onguNombolo 7 we-2002 -Imimiselo edibeneyo elawula yonke imiba yokusetyenziswa kweendlela kunye nokulawulwa kwezithuthi eDubai. Ibandakanya amaphepha-mvume okuqhuba, ukufaneleka kwezithuthi endleleni, ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yendlela, izohlwayo kunye nabasemagunyeni abagwebayo. I-RTA iseka ezinye izikhokelo zokuphunyezwa.
Umthetho onguNombolo 3 we-2003 – Ukunciphisa iilayisensi zotywala kwiihotele, iiklabhu nakwiindawo ezichongiweyo. Ukuvalwa kokusetyenziswa kotywala ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Iyakwalela nokuthenga utywala ngaphandle kwelayisensi okanye ukusela kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ibeka iintlawulo (ukuya kwi-AED 50,000) kunye nejele (ukuya kwiinyanga ze-6) ngokuphulwa.
Abu Dhabi
Umthetho onguNombolo 13 we-2005 – Useka inkqubo yobhaliso lwepropathi yokubhala amaxwebhu etayitile kunye nee-easements kwi-emirate. Ivumela ugcino lwe-elektroniki lwezenzo, iququzelele intengiselwano ekhawulezayo njengentengiso, izipho kunye nelifa lezindlu nomhlaba.
Umthetho onguNombolo 8 we-2006 -Ibonelela ngezikhokelo zocando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziza. Uhlela iziza njengendawo yokuhlala, yorhwebo, yoshishino okanye yosetyenziso oluxubeneyo. Umisela inkqubo yokuvunywa kunye nemigangatho yocwangciso lolwakhiwo kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kuyo yonke le mimandla. Inceda ukuqulunqa iiplani eziphambili ezibonisa izinto eziphambili ngoqoqosho ezinqwenelekayo.
Umthetho onguNombolo 6 we-2009 -Idala iKomiti ePhakamileyo yoKhuseleko lwaBathengi umsebenzi wokusasaza ulwazi malunga namalungelo abathengi kunye nezibophelelo zorhwebo. Ikwaxhobisa ikomiti ukuba inyanzelise ukubuyiswa kwempahla eneziphene, ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli kolwazi lwezorhwebo olufana neelebhile zezinto, amaxabiso kunye neziqinisekiso. Womeleza ukhuseleko kubuqhophololo okanye ulwazi olungachanekanga.
Sharjah
Umthetho onguNombolo 7 we-2003 – Irenti yeCaps inyuka nge-7% ngonyaka ukuba irenti ingaphantsi kwe-AED 50k ngonyaka, kunye ne-5% ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-AED 50k. Abanini-mhlaba kufuneka babonelele ngesaziso seenyanga ezi-3 phambi kokuba kunyuswe. Ikwanciphisa izizathu zokugxothwa, iqinisekisa abaqeshi iinyanga ezili-12 zokuhlala okongeziweyo nasemva kokupheliswa kwekhontrakthi ngumnini-mhlaba.
Umthetho onguNombolo 2 we-2000 – Ukwalela amaziko ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwelayisenisi yorhwebo equka imisebenzi ethile ayenzayo. Udwelisa imisebenzi egunyazisiweyo phantsi kodidi ngalunye lwelayisenisi. Uyakwalela ukukhutshwa kweelayisenisi kumashishini abonwa njengangamkelekanga ngabasemagunyeni. Ibeka izohlwayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-AED 100k ngenxa yokwaphulwa komthetho.
Umthetho onguNombolo 12 we-2020 -Ukwahlulahlula zonke iindlela eSharjah kwiindlela eziphambili, iindlela zabaqokeleli kunye neendlela zasekhaya. Ibandakanya imigangatho yobugcisa efana nobubanzi bendlela obuncinane kunye nemithetho yomthetho ecwangcisiweyo esekwe kumthamo oqikelelweyo wezithuthi. Inceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokushukumiseka kwixesha elizayo.
Ajman
Umthetho onguNombolo 2 we-2008 -Ichaza izinto ezifunekayo kumadoda ase-Emirati ukuba atshate abafazi abongezelelweyo, kunye nabasetyhini base-Emirati ukuba batshate nabantu abangengabo abemi. Ifuna ukubonelela ngendlu kunye nokhuseleko lwemali kumfazi okhoyo ngaphambi kokuba afune imvume yomtshato owongezelelekileyo. Umisela imilinganiselo yobudala.
Umthetho onguNombolo 3 we-1996 – Ivumela abasemagunyeni bakamasipala ukuba banyanzelise abanini bemihlaba engahoywayo ukuba bayiphuhlise kwiminyaka emi-2, ngokusilela oko, ivumela abasemagunyeni ukuba bathathe amalungelo ogcino kunye namalungelo efandesi kwisiza ngethenda kawonke-wonke eqala ngexabiso elinguvimba elilingana nama-50% exabiso lemarike eliqikelelweyo. Yenza ingeniso yerhafu kwaye iphucula ubuhle boluntu.
Umthetho onguNombolo 8 we-2008 – Uxhobisa abasemagunyeni bakamasipala ukuba bavale ukuthengiswa kwempahla ethathwa njengokhubekisayo kucwangco loluntu okanye kumaxabiso asekuhlaleni. Iquka iimpapasho, amajelo eendaba, impahla, izinto ezenziweyo kunye nemidlalo. Izohlwayo zokwaphula umthetho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-AED 10,000 ngokuxhomekeke kubuqatha kunye nokuphinda amatyala. Inceda ukubumba imeko yezorhwebo.
Umm Al Quwain
Umthetho onguNombolo 3 we-2005 – Ifuna abanini-mhlaba bagcine iipropati ezilungele ukuhlala. Abaqashi kufuneka bancedise ukugcina izixhobo. Idiphozithi yokhuseleko eyi-Caps kwi-10% yerenti yonyaka. Imida yokunyuka kwerenti ukuya kwi-10% yomlinganiselo okhoyo. Uqinisekisa abaqeshi ngohlaziyo lwekhontrakthi ngaphandle kokuba umnini-mhlaba ufuna ipropati ukuze azisebenzisele yena. Ubonelela ngesisombululo esikhawulezileyo seengxabano.
Umthetho onguNombolo 2 we-1998 - Ukuvalwa kokungeniswa kunye nokusela utywala kwi-emirate ngokuhambelana nezithethe zenkcubeko yasekhaya. Abaphuli-mthetho bajongana neminyaka emi-3 entolongweni kunye nezohlwayo zemali eninzi. Uxolelo lunokwenzeka kwityala lokuqala ukuba ngaba bangaphandle. Ithengisa utywala obuthinjiweyo ukuze kuxhamle unondyebo karhulumente.
Umthetho onguNombolo 7 we-2019 – Ivumela abasemagunyeni bakamasipala ukuba banike iilayisensi zexeshana zonyaka omnye kwimisebenzi yorhwebo ebonwa iluncedo yi-emirate. Iquka amabizo afana nabathengisi abahambahambayo, abathengisi bezandla kunye nokuhlamba iimoto. Inokuhlaziywa ngokuthobela imiqathango yelayisenisi malunga nexesha elivunyelweyo kunye neendawo. Iququzelela i-microenterprise.
Ras Al Khaimah
Umthetho onguNombolo 14 we-2007 – Icacisa ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yokhuselo lomvuzo kuquka iimfuno ezinjengokhutshelo lomvuzo ngekhompyutha kunye nokurekhoda iikhontrakthi zengqesho kuBuphathiswa bezeMicimbi yaBasebenzi kunye neenkqubo ze-Emiratisation. Uqinisekisa ukusekuhleni kwemivuzo yabasebenzi kunye nokunqanda ukuxhaphaza abasebenzi.
Umthetho onguNombolo 5 we-2019 – Ivumela iSebe loPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho ukuba lirhoxise okanye lirhoxise iilayisenisi zorhwebo ukuba abantu abanamaphepha-mvume bagwetyelwa ubugwenxa obunxulumene nembeko okanye ukunyaniseka. Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokukhohlisa. Ugcina imfezeko kwiinkqubo zoshishino.
Umthetho onguNombolo 11 we-2019 – Umisela imilinganiselo yesantya kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobuninzi be-80 km/h kwiindlela ezimbini zeendlela, i-100 km/h koohola bendlela abakhulu nama-60 km/h kwiindawo zokupakisha neetonela. Ichaza ulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokulandela umkhondo kunye neendlela zokutsiba. Ibeka izohlwayo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-AED 3000) kunye namanqaku amnyama ngenxa yokuphulwa kunye nokunqunyanyiswa kwelayisensi.
Fujairah
Umthetho onguNombolo 2 we-2007 – Ibonelela ngenkuthazo kwiihotele, iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, izindlu kunye nophuhliso lweendawo zelifa lemveli kubandakanywa nokunikezelwa komhlaba karhulumente, ukuququzelela inkxaso yemali kunye nentlawulelo yempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nezixhobo. Ulungelelanisa iziseko zokhenketho.
Umthetho onguNombolo 3 we-2005 – Ukuvalwa kokuthuthwa okanye ukugcina ngaphezulu kwe-100 leelitha zotywala ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Ibeka izohlwayo ukusuka kwi-AED 500 ukuya kwi-AED 50,000 ngokuxhomekeke kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuvalelwa ukuya kutsho kunyaka omnye ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluphindayo. Abaqhubi abaphantsi kweempembelelo bajongana nokuvalelwa entolongweni kunye nokuhluthwa izithuthi.
Umthetho onguNombolo 4 we-2012 -Ikhusela amalungelo omthengisi kwi-emirate. Uvalela ababoneleli ekuphambukeni kwiiarhente zorhwebo zasekuhlaleni ngokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi basekuhlaleni. Ixhasa abarhwebi basekhaya kwaye iqinisekisa ulawulo lwamaxabiso. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kutsala imbuyekezo eyalelwe yinkundla.
Ukucacisa iMithetho yeNdawo: Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Isishwankathelo, ngelixa ujonge kububanzi bemithetho ye-UAE kunokubonakala kulucelomngeni, ukunikela ingqalelo kwimithetho yasekhaya ityhila ubutyebi bale nkqubo yomanyano:
- Umgaqo-siseko we-UAE ugunyazisa i-emirate nganye ukuba ikhuphe imigaqo ejongana neemeko ezizodwa zentlalo kunye neemeko zoshishino ezifumaneka ngaphakathi kummandla wayo.
- Imixholo esembindini ibandakanya ukulungelelanisa ubunini bomhlaba, imisebenzi yokuthengisa iilayisenisi, ukukhusela amalungelo abathengi kunye nokuxhasa ngemali uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.
- Ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kweenjongo zokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokugcina ubuni bentlalo nenkcubeko ngundoqo ekucaciseni ingqiqo esekela imithetho ethile yendawo.
- Abahlali kunye nabatyali-zimali kufuneka baphande ngemithetho ethe ngqo kwi-emirate apho bajonge ukusebenza kuyo, endaweni yokucinga ukufana kwemithetho kwilizwe lonke.
- Iigazethi zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni zibonelela ngezicatshulwa ezigunyazisiweyo zemithetho nezilungiso. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonisana nomthetho kuyacetyiswa ukuze kuchazwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Imithetho yasekhaya ye-UAE ihlala isisixhobo esiqhubekayo esijolise ekudaleni uluntu olulinganayo, olukhuselekileyo nozinzo olusekelwe kwizithethe zama-Arabhu kodwa ludityaniswe noqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngelixa umthetho we-federal uchaza inkqubo-sikhokelo iyonke, ukuxabisa ezi nuances zasekhaya kutyebisa ukuqonda komntu ngesi sizwe siguqukayo.
