Ukuqhekeza, okubandakanya ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwisakhiwo okanye kwindawo yokuhlala ngenjongo yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, lityala elibi kwi-United Arab Emirates. I-UAE Federal Law No. 3 ka-1987 kwi-Penal Code ichaza iinkcazo ezithile, ukuhlelwa, kunye nezohlwayo ezinxulumene nokwaphula kunye nokungena kulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokuqhekeza. Le mithetho ijolise ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko kunye namalungelo epropathi abantu kunye namashishini ngaphakathi elizweni. Ukuqonda iziphumo ezisemthethweni zolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqhekeza kubalulekile kubahlali kunye neendwendwe ngokufanayo ukugcina umthetho kunye nocwangco kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-UAE.
Ithini inkcazo esemthethweni yokuqhekezwa kwi-UAE?
NgokweSiqendu 401 se-UAE Federal Law No. 3 ka-1987 kwi-Penal Code, ukuqhekeza kuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo njengesenzo sokungena kwindawo yokuhlala, indlu, okanye nayiphi na indawo elungiselelwe ukuhlala, umsebenzi, ukugcinwa, imfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo okanye unqulo ukufihla kuthetha okanye ngokusebenzisa izigalo ngokuchasene nezinto okanye abantu abanenjongo yokwenza isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olugwenxa olufana nokuba, ukubetha, ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropathi okanye ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume. Inkcazo yomthetho ibanzi, ibandakanya ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kuluhlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, kungekhona nje izakhiwo zokuhlala.
Umthetho uchaza iimeko ezahlukeneyo eziquka ukuqhekeza. Kubandakanya ukuqhekeza kwipropathi ngeendlela zokungena ngenkani ezinje ngokuqhekeza iifestile, iingcango, ukuchola amaqhaga, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokutsiba iinkqubo zokhuseleko kwaye ufumane ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga. Ukuqhekezwa kukwasebenza nakwiimeko apho umntu engena ngenkohliso, njengokuzenza undwendwe olusemthethweni, umnikezeli wenkonzo, okanye ngokungena ngokuhanahanisa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, injongo yokwenza isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho esilandelayo ngaphakathi kwendawo, efana nobusela, ukonakalisa, okanye naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho, yeyona nto ichazayo eyahlula ukuqhekeza kwezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zepropathi ezifana nokungena ngaphandle kwemvume. I-UAE ithatha ukuqhekeza njengento ebaluleke kakhulu njengoko kunyhasha ubungcwele kunye nokhuseleko lweendawo zabucala nezikawonke-wonke.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatyala okuqhekeza phantsi koMthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho we-UAE?
I-UAE Penal Code ihlela amatyala okuqhekeza ngokweendidi ezininzi, ngalinye linamazinga awohlukeneyo obuqatha kunye nezohlwayo ezihambelanayo. Ulwahlulo luthathela ingqalelo izinto ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukubandakanyeka kwezixhobo, ubukho babantu kwindawo, ixesha lemini, kunye nenani labenzi bobubi ababandakanyekayo. Nantsi itheyibhile eshwankathela iindidi eziphambili zolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqhekeza:
| Uhlobo lwetyala | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Uqhekezo olulula | Ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwipropati ngenjongo yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla, ugonyamelo, okanye izixhobo ezichasene nabantu abakhoyo kuloo ndawo. |
| Ukuqhekezwa Okumanyumnyezi | Ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezigalo, ugonyamelo, okanye izoyikiso zogonyamelo kubantu abakhoyo kuloo ndawo, njengabaninimzi, abantu abahlala kuzo, okanye abezokhuseleko. |
| Ukuqhekezwa okuxhobileyo | Ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwipropati ngelixa uphethe isixhobo okanye umpu, nokuba uyasetyenziswa okanye awusetyenziswa. |
| Ukuqhekezwa Ngobusuku | Uqhekezo lwenziwa ngexesha lasebusuku, phakathi kokutshona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga, xa indawo leyo kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngabahlali okanye abasebenzi. |
| Ukuqhekezwa kunye nezinto ezihambelanayo | Ukuqhekezwa okwenziwa ngabantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu abasebenzisanayo, okubandakanya inqanaba eliphezulu lokucwangcisa kunye nolungelelwaniso. |
Zeziphi izityholo kunye nezohlwayo zokuzama ukuqhekeza kwi-UAE?
I-UAE Penal Code ithatha ukuzama ukuqhekeza njengetyala elahlukileyo kuqhekezo olugqityiweyo. ISiqendu 35 soMgaqo wePenal uthi inzame yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho isohlwayo, nokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho olucetywayo alugqitywanga, ngaphandle kokuba inzame yayiyisiqalo sokwenziwa kolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuthe ngqo, iNqaku lama-402 leKhowudi yePenal lithetha ngokuzama ukuqhekeza. Umisela ukuba nabani na ozama ukuqhekeza kodwa angasigqibi eso senzo uya kohlwaywa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni ixesha elingadlulanga kwiminyaka emihlanu. Esi sohlwayo sisebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni na lwelinge lokuqhekezwa (lula, lukhuni, lixhobile, okanye ebusuku).
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isohlwayo sokuzama ukuqhekeza sinokwandiswa ukuba iinzame zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezigalo, ugonyamelo, okanye izixhobo. ISiqendu 403 sichaza ukuba ukuba iinzame zokuqhekeza zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezigalo ngokuchasene nabantu okanye ukuphatha izixhobo, isohlwayo siya kuba entolongweni isithuba seminyaka emihlanu ubuncinci. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iinzame zokuqhekeza zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela kubantu abakhoyo kuloo ndawo, okubangela ukwenzakala emzimbeni, isohlwayo sinokunyuswa siye entolongweni iminyaka esixhenxe ubuncinane, ngokweSiqendu 404.
Ngamafutshane, ngelixa ukuzama ukuqhekeza kunesohlwayo esingaphantsi kunoko kuqhekezwa okugqityiweyo, kusajongwa njengetyala elibi phantsi komthetho we-UAE. Izityholo nezohlwayo zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ubundlobongela, okanye izixhobo, kunye nobukho babantu kwindawo ngexesha lokuzama ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Sesiphi isigwebo esiqhelekileyo okanye ixesha lokuvalelwa kwizigwebo zokuqhekeza kwi-UAE?
Isigwebo esiqhelekileyo okanye ixesha lokuvalelwa kwizigwebo zokuqhekeza kwi-UAE liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhulu betyala. Ubuqhetseba obulula ngaphandle kwezinto eziba mandundu bunokukhokelela ekuvalelweni okususela kunyaka om-1 ukuya kwemi-5. Xa kuqhekezwa ngokugqithisileyo okubandakanya ukusebenzisa izigalo, ugonyamelo, okanye izixhobo, ukuvalelwa entolongweni kunokususela kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Kumatyala okuqhekezwa kuxhotyiwe okanye ukuqhekezwa okukhokelela ekwenzakaleni emzimbeni, isigwebo sinokufikelela kwiminyaka eli-15 okanye ngaphezulu entolongweni.
Loluphi ukhuseleko lwasemthethweni olunokusetyenziswa kwiintlawulo zokuqhekeza kwi-UAE?
Xa ujongene neentlawulo zokuqhekeza kwi-UAE, ukhuseleko lwasemthethweni oluninzi lunokusebenza, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zetyala. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokukhusela ngokwasemthethweni ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe:
- Ukunqongophala kweNjongo: Ukuze ugwetywe ngokuqhekeza, umtshutshisi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ummangalelwa wayenenjongo yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho ekungeneni ngokungekho mthethweni. Ukuba ummangalelwa unokubonisa ukuba wayengenayo injongo enjalo, ingaba lukhuselo olufanelekileyo.
- Isazisi esiyimpazamo: Ukuba ummangalelwa unobungqina bokuba akaziwa okanye atyholwa ngokuqhekeza, oko kunokukhokelela ekubeni izityholo zirhoxiswe okanye zichithwe.
- Ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukunyanzeliswa: Kwiimeko apho ummangalelwa wanyanzelwa okanye wanyanzelwa ukuba enze uqhekezo phantsi kwesoyikiso sobundlobongela okanye ukulimala, ukukhuselwa koxinzelelo okanye ukunyanzeliswa kunokusebenza.
- Ukunxila: Nangona ukuxilwa ngokuzithandela ngokuqhelekileyo akusiyo ukhuselo olufanelekileyo, ukuba ummangalelwa unobungqina bokuba babenxilile ngokungazithandi okanye imeko yabo yengqondo yayiphazamiseke kakhulu, inokusetyenziswa njengento yokunciphisa.
- Imvume: Ukuba ummangalelwa wayenemvume okanye imvume yokungena kuloo ndawo, nokuba ifunyenwe ngenkohliso, inokuchasa into yokungena engekho mthethweni yentlawulo yokuqhekeza.
- Ukubanjiswa: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho ummangalelwa wanyanzelwa okanye wanyanzelwa ukuba enze ukugqekeza ngamagunya okuthotyelwa komthetho, ukukhuselwa kwe-entrapment kunokuphakanyiswa.
- Ukuphambana okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwengqondo: Ukuba ummangalelwa wayenesifo sengqondo esaziwayo okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngexesha lokuqhekezwa, oko kusenokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuzikhusela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunye nempumelelo yolu khuseleko lomthetho kuxhomekeke kwiinyani ezithile kunye neemeko zetyala ngalinye, kunye nokukwazi ukunika ubungqina obuxhasayo kunye neengxoxo zomthetho.
Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kokuqhekeza, ukuphanga, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lobusela phantsi kwemithetho ye-UAE?
| I siphene | inkcazelo | Izinto eziphambili | Izigwebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubusela | Ukuthatha nokugxothwa kwempahla yomnye umntu ngenjongo yokuyigcina ngaphandle kwemvume | Ukuthatha ipropati, Ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini, ngenjongo yokugcina ipropati | Iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela entolongweni, Izohlwayo, Ukuvalelwa ubomi entolongweni kwiimeko ezinzima |
| Ukugqekeza | Ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwipropati ngenjongo yobusela okanye ezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni | Ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni, Injongo yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho emva kokungena | Iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela entolongweni, Izohlwayo, Ukuvalelwa ubomi entolongweni kwiimeko ezinzima |
| Ukuphanga | Ubusela obenziwe kusetyenziswa ubundlobongela okanye ukunyanzelisa | Ukubiwa kwempahla, Ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela okanye ukunyanzeliswa | Iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela entolongweni, Izohlwayo, Ukuvalelwa ubomi entolongweni kwiimeko ezinzima |
Le theyibhile iqaqambisa iinkcazo eziphambili, izinto, kunye nezohlwayo ezinokubakho zobusela, ukuqhekeza, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lokuphanga phantsi komthetho we-UAE. Izohlwayo zinokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezinjengobunzulu betyala, ixabiso lezinto ezibiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okanye izixhobo, ixesha lolwaphulo-mthetho (umz., ebusuku), ukubandakanyeka kwabenzi bobubi abaninzi, kunye nethagethi ethile. yolwaphulo-mthetho (umz., iindawo zonqulo, izikolo, iindawo zokuhlala, iibhanki).
