Inkathi yedijithali ilethe ukunethezeka okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, kodwa futhi inezingozi ngendlela yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buya ngokuya buhlanganiswa ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi e-United Arab Emirates (UAE) babhekana nezinsongo ezingaba khona ezivela emisebenzini ye-inthanethi enonya njengokugebenga, imikhonyovu yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, nokuphulwa kwedatha. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu kukhathazeka okukhulayo, i-UAE isebenzise imithetho ebanzi yohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi eveza izinqubo ezicacile zokubika izehlakalo zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, ebeka izinhlawulo eziqinile kubaphuli-mthetho, futhi ibeke phambili ukuqwashisa ngokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi nezindlela ezihamba phambili. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebanzi yemithetho ye-inthanethi ye-UAE, eqondisa abafundi ezinqubweni zokubika, echaza imiphumela yezomthetho yezigebengu ze-inthanethi, kanye nokugqamisa izinyathelo ezingokoqobo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha ku-inthanethi nokuvikela ngokumelene nesimo sezwe esishintshashintshayo sezinsongo ze-inthanethi.
Uyini umthetho we-Cybercrime we-UAE?
I-UAE ithatha ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha njengento ebaluleke kakhulu futhi isebenzise uhlaka lomthetho olubanzi ngoMthetho Wokunqunywa Kwe-Federal No. Lo mthetho obuyekeziwe uthatha indawo yezingxenye ezithile zomthetho odlule wobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ka-34, ukubhekana ngqo nezinsongo zedijithali ezintsha nezisafufusa.
Umthetho uchaza ngokucacile inqwaba yamacala ohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi, kusukela ekufinyeleleni kwesistimu okungagunyaziwe kanye nokwebiwa kwedatha kuya ebugebengwini obunzima kakhulu obufana nokuhlukumeza ku-inthanethi, ukusabalalisa ulwazi olunganembile, ukuxhaphaza izingane ngezindlela zedijithali, nokuqola abantu ngabanye nge-elekthronikhi. Iphinde ihlanganise amacala ahlobene nokuphulwa kobumfihlo bedatha, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ekukhwabaniseni imali noma imisebenzi yobuphekula.
Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zomthetho ukuvimbela, okuzuzwa ngezijeziso eziqinile zezigebengu zama-inthanethi. Kuye ngobubi becala, izijeziso zingabandakanya izinhlawulo ezinkulu ezifika ku-AED 3 million noma izigwebo ezinde ejele, namanye amacala amabi angase aholele ekuboshweni udilikajele. Isibonelo, ukufinyelela amasistimu ngokungemthetho noma ukweba idatha kungaholela ezinhlawulweni neminyaka engu-15 ejele.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho ngempumelelo, umthetho ugunyaza amayunithi akhethekile obugebengu bamakhompuyutha ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zomthetho. Lawa mayunithi ahlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe bokuzulazula enkingeni yophenyo lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, okuvumela impendulo eqinile ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi kuyo yonke i-UAE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho usungula izinqubo ezicacile zokuthi abantu kanye namabhizinisi babike izigameko zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ezisolisayo kuziphathimandla ngokushesha. Le ndlela yokubika isiza abenzi bobubi ukuba bathathelwe izinyathelo ngokushesha, ivikele ingqalasizinda yedijithali yesizwe.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zobugebengu Be-Cyber ngaphansi KoMthetho we-UAE?
| Uhlobo Lwe-Cybercrime | Incazelo | Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufinyelela Okungagunyaziwe | Ukufinyelela ngokungekho emthethweni amasistimu kagesi, amanethiwekhi, amawebhusayithi, noma isizindalwazi ngaphandle kwemvume. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yokugebenga ukuze kwebe idatha, ukuphazamisa amasevisi, noma ukubangela umonakalo. | • Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile • Nika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi • Gcina isofthiwe ibuyekeziwe • Sebenzisa izilawuli zokufinyelela |
| Ukwebiwa Kwedatha | Ukuthola ngokungekho emthethweni, ukulungisa, ukususa, ukuputshuza, noma ukusabalalisa imininingwane ye-elekthronikhi nolwazi lwabantu noma izinhlangano, okuhlanganisa izimfihlo zohwebo, idatha yomuntu siqu, kanye nempahla yobuhlakani. | • Bethela idatha ebucayi • Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusekela ngokulondoloza • Qeqesha abasebenzi ngokuphathwa kwedatha • Qaphela imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe |
| Ukukhwabanisa Kwe-Cyber | Ukusebenzisa izindlela zedijithali ukukhohlisa abantu noma amabhizinisi ukuze uthole inzuzo yezimali, njengomkhonyovu wobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukukhwabanisa kwamakhadi esikweletu, ukukhwabanisa kwe-investimenti ye-inthanethi, noma ukuzenza izinhlangano ezisemthethweni/abantu ngabanye. | • Qinisekisa ubunikazi • Qaphela ama-imeyili/imilayezo engacelwanga • Sebenzisa izindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile • Hlala unolwazi ngamasu akamuva okukhwabanisa |
| Ukuhlukunyezwa okuku-inthanethi | Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okubangela ukucindezeleka, ukwesaba, noma ukuhlukumeza kwabanye ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zedijithali, okuhlanganisa ubuxhwanguxhwangu base-inthanethi, ukucupha, ukuhlambalaza, noma ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe okusondelene okungavunyelwana ngakho. | • Bika izehlakalo • Nika amandla izilungiselelo zobumfihlo • Gwema ukwabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu • Vimba/khawula ukufinyelela kwabahlukumezi |
| Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni | Ukwabelana noma ukusabalalisa okuqukethwe okuthathwa njengokungekho emthethweni ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UAE, njengenkulumo-ze eyeqisayo, inkulumo enenzondo, izinto ezibekela sobala/ezinokuziphatha okubi, noma okuqukethwe okwephula i-copyright. | • Sebenzisa izihlungi zokuqukethwe • Bika okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni • Fundisa abasebenzisi ngokuziphatha okuthembekile ku-inthanethi |
| Ukuxhashazwa Kwabancane | Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuxhaphaza, ukuhlukumeza, noma ukulimaza izingane, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokuzilungisa ku-inthanethi, ukwabelana ngezithombe ezingcolile, ukunxenxa izingane ngezinjongo zocansi, noma ukukhiqiza/ukusabalalisa izinto ezixhaphaza izingane. | • Sebenzisa izilawuli zabazali • Fundisa izingane ngokuphepha ku-inthanethi • Bika izehlakalo • Gada imisebenzi eku-inthanethi |
| Ukwephulwa Kobumfihlo Bedatha | Ukufinyelela ngokungekho emthethweni, ukuqoqa, noma ukusebenzisa kabi idatha yomuntu siqu kanye nolwazi oluphula imithetho nezimiso zobumfihlo bedatha, okuhlanganisa ukwabelana okungagunyaziwe noma ukudayiswa kwedatha yomuntu siqu. | • Sebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokuvikela idatha • Thola imvume yokuqoqwa kwedatha • Yenza kungaziwa idatha lapho kungenzeka khona • Yenza ukuhlola okuyimfihlo njalo |
| Ukukhwabanisa Kwe-elekthronikhi | Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokukhwabanisa kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-elekthronikhi, njengokwenza amawebhusayithi mbumbulu, imikhonyovu yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuma-akhawunti wezezimali, noma ukwenza imisebenzi ye-inthanethi yomgunyathi. | • Qinisekisa ubuqiniso bewebhusayithi • Sebenzisa izindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile • Bheka ama-akhawunti njalo • Bika imisebenzi esolisayo |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Bobuphekula | Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali nezinkundla ukukhuthaza, ukuhlela, noma ukwenza imisebenzi yobuphekula, ukuqasha amalungu, ukusabalalisa inkulumo-ze, noma ukusekela izinhlangano zamaphekula. | • Bika imisebenzi esolisayo • Sebenzisa ukuqapha okuqukethwe • Ukusebenzisana nezinhlaka zokugcinwa komthetho |
| Ukuhlukana Kwemali | Ukusebenzisa izindlela zedijithali nobuchwepheshe ukuze kube lula ukufihlwa noma ukudluliswa kwezimali noma izimpahla ezitholwe ngokungemthetho, njengokuthenga nge-cryptocurrency noma amasistimu okukhokha ku-inthanethi. | • Sebenzisa izilawuli zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali • Gada okwenziwayo • Bika izenzo ezisolisayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele |
Ungabika Kanjani Ubugebengu Be-Cyber e-UAE?
- Khomba ubugebengu be-inthanethi: Nquma uhlobo lobugebengu be-inthanethi ohlangabezane nabo, noma ngabe ukugebenga, ukwebiwa kwedatha, ukukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi, ukuhlukumeza, nanoma iliphi elinye icala ledijithali.
- Ubufakazi bedokhumenti: Qoqa futhi ulondoloze noma yibuphi ubufakazi obuhlobene obuhlobene nesigameko, njengezithombe-skrini, i-imeyili noma amalogi omlayezo, imininingwane yokwenziwe, nolunye ulwazi lwedijithali olungasekela icala lakho.
- Xhumana neziphathimandla: Bika ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha kuziphathimandla ezifanele e-UAE:
- Shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ethi 999 ukuze ubike ngesigameko.
- Vakashela isiteshi samaphoyisa esiseduze nawe noma i-Cybercrime Unit yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi ukuze ufake isikhalazo esisemthethweni.
- Thumela umbiko ngezinkundla ezisemthethweni zokubika ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha e-UAE njenge www.ecrime.ae, "Aman" ngamaphoyisa ase-Abu Dhabi, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-"My Safe Society" lwe-UAE Public Prosecution.
- Nikeza imininingwane: Lapho ubika ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha, zilungiselele ukunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yakho siqu, incazelo yesigameko, noma yimiphi imininingwane eyaziwayo mayelana nom(abenzi bokubi), usuku, isikhathi, nendawo (uma bukhona), kanye nanoma yibuphi ubufakazi ngibuthile.
- Bambisana nophenyo: Zilungiselele ukubambisana neziphathimandla ngesikhathi sophenyo ngokunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukusiza eminye imizamo yokuqoqa ubufakazi.
- Landelela: Thola inombolo yereferensi yecala noma umbiko wesigameko ukuze ulandelele ukuqhubeka kwesikhalazo sakho. Yiba nesineke, njengoba uphenyo lobugebengu be-inthanethi lungaba nzima futhi ludle isikhathi.
- Cabangela iseluleko sezomthetho: Ngokuya ngobucayi kanye nemvelo yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, ungase ufune iseluleko sezomthetho kuchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ukuze uqonde amalungelo akho nezinketho zezenzo zomthetho ezingaba khona.
- Amacala okukhwabanisa kwezezimali: Uma uke waba yisisulu sokukhwabanisa kwezezimali, okufana nokukhwabanisa kwekhadi lesikweletu noma ukuthengiselana kwezezimali okungagunyaziwe, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uxhumane nebhange lakho noma inkampani yekhadi lesikweletu ngokushesha kanye nokubikela iziphathimandla ngesigameko.
- Ukubika ongaziwa: Ezinye izinkundla ezifana neSikhungo Sokubika Ubugebengu Be-inthanethi Amaphoyisa aseDubai zinikeza izinketho zokubika ezingaziwa kulabo abancamela ukuhlala bengaziwa ngenkathi bebika izehlakalo zobugebengu be-inthanethi.
Kubalulekile ukubika ubugebengu bamakhompuyutha ngokushesha kuziphathimandla ezifanele e-UAE ukuze uqinisekise isenzo esifike ngesikhathi futhi andise namathuba ophenyo oluyimpumelelo nokuxazululwa.
Yiziphi Izinhlawulo Nezijeziso Zobugebengu Be-Cyber e-UAE?
| Uhlobo Lwe-Cybercrime | Izijeziso |
|---|---|
| Ukufinyelela Okungagunyaziwe | - Inhlawulo encane ye-AED 100, i-AED 300 ephezulu – Ukuboshwa okungenani izinyanga eziyisi-6 |
| Ukwebiwa Kwedatha | - Inhlawulo encane ye-AED 150,000, i-AED 750,000 ephezulu - Ukuboshwa kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10 Kusebenza ekuguquleni, ekudaluleni, ukukopisha, isusa, noma ukushicilela idatha eyebiwe |
| Ukukhwabanisa Kwe-Cyber | - Fihla kuze kufike ku-AED 1,000,000 - Ukuboshwa kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10 |
| Ukuhlukunyezwa okuku-inthanethi | - Fihla kuze kufike ku-AED 500,000 - Ukuboshwa kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-3 |
| Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni | Izijeziso ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuqukethwe: - Ukusabalalisa imininingwane engamanga: Kuhlawuliswa kuze kufike ku-AED 1,000,000 kanye/noma ukuboshwa iminyaka emi-3 - Ukushicilela okuqukethwe okwephula imikhuba yezenhlalo: Ukuboshwa kanye/noma izinhlawulo kusuka ku-AED 20,000 kuya ku-AED 500,000 |
| Ukuxhashazwa Kwabancane | - Izijeziso ezinzima, ezihlanganisa ukuboshwa kanye nokuxoshwa okungenzeka |
| Ukwephulwa Kobumfihlo Bedatha | - Inhlawulo encane ye-AED 20,000, i-AED 500,000 ephezulu |
| Ukukhwabanisa Kwe-elekthronikhi | - Okufana Nokukhwabanisa Kwe-Cyber: Kuhlawuliswa kuze kufike ku-AED 1,000,000 nokuboshwa kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10 |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Bobuphekula | – Izijeziso ezinzima, ezihlanganisa ukugqunywa ejele isikhathi eside |
| Ukuhlukana Kwemali | - Izijeziso ezinzima, ezihlanganisa izinhlawulo ezinkulu kanye nokuboshwa isikhathi eside |
Ngabe uMthetho we-UAE usebenza kanjani namaCross-Border Cybercrimes?
I-United Arab Emirates (UAE) iyayibona imvelo yomhlaba wonke yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha kanye nezinselelo ezilethwa amacala awela imingcele. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlaka lwezomthetho lwezwe lubhekana nalolu daba ngezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemizamo yokubambisana namazwe ngamazwe.
Okokuqala, imithetho yobugebengu be-inthanethi ye-UAE inegunya langaphandle, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezenzweni zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha obenziwa ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe uma icala liqondise noma lithinta abantu base-UAE, amabhizinisi, noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Le ndlela ivumela iziphathimandla ze-UAE ukuthi ziphenye futhi zishushise abenzi bobubi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuyiphi indawo, inqobo nje uma kukhona ukuxhumana ne-UAE.
Ukwengeza, i-UAE isungule izivumelwano zamazwe amabili nezizwe eziningi ukuze kube lula ukubambisana ekulweni nobugebengu bamakhompuyutha obuwela imingcele. Lezi zivumelwano zivumela ukwabelana kwezobunhloli, ubufakazi, kanye nezinsiza, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe abasolwa ngobugebengu bama-inthanethi. I-UAE iyilungu lezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezehlukene, njengeHhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Lezidakamizwa Nobugebengu (i-UNODC) kanye neNhlangano Yamaphoyisa Obugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe (INTERPOL), eqhuba ukubambisana ekubhekaneni nobugebengu bamakhompuyutha bamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UAE ibamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ezinhlelweni nezinkundla zomhlaba wonke ezihloselwe ukuvumelanisa imithetho yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha kanye nokugqugquzela ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubambelela ezivumelwaneni nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana ne-Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, ehlinzeka ngohlaka olusemthethweni lokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe asiyinile ekubhekaneni nobugebengu bamakhompuyutha.
Bangasiza Kanjani Abameli Bobugebengu?
Uma wena noma inhlangano yakho nibe yisisulu sobugebengu bamakhompuyutha e-UAE, ukufuna usizo lommeli wobugebengu onolwazi kungaba wusizo olukhulu. Amacala obugebengu be-Cybercrime angaba inkimbinkimbi, abandakanye ubunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nama-nuances wezomthetho adinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile.
Abameli bobugebengu abasebenza ngobugebengu bamakhompuyutha banganikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yezomthetho. Bangakuqondisa ekuqoqeni nasekugcineni ubufakazi, bakweluleke ngamalungelo akho nezinketho zomthetho, futhi bakusize ekufakeni izikhalazo kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Ukwengeza, bangamela wena phakathi nophenyo kanye nokuqulwa kwamacala enkantolo, baqinisekise ukuthi izintshisekelo zakho zivikelekile nokuthi uthola impatho efanele ngaphansi komthetho.
Emacaleni obugebengu bamakhompuyutha awela imingcele, abameli bobugebengu abanolwazi kule ndawo bangazulazula ebunzimeni bemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezindawo zokuphatha, benze lula ukubambisana neziphathimandla ezifanele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi inqubo yezomthetho iqhutshwa ngempumelelo nangempumelelo. Bangaphinde bakusize uqonde imithelela engaba khona kanye nemiphumela yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, kokubili ngokomthetho nangokwezimali, futhi banikeze isiqondiso sokunciphisa noma yiziphi ezinye izingcuphe noma umonakalo.
Sekukonke, ukusebenzelana nommeli onolwazi lobugebengu kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola umphumela omuhle emacaleni obugebengu bamakhompuyutha, kukunikeze ukwesekwa kwezomthetho okudingekayo kanye nokumelwa ukuze uphishekele ubulungisa futhi uvikele amalungelo akho.
