Ukugcina ukuphepha kuzwelonke, ukuhleleka komphakathi, nokuzinza komphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu e-United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ngakho-ke, izwe selisungule uhlaka oluphelele lwezomthetho lokubhekana nezenzo ezibeka engcupheni lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zomphakathi, okuhlanganisa nokubhebhethekisa udweshu kanye namacala okuvukela umbuso. Imithetho ye-UAE iklanyelwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zesizwe futhi ivikele amalungelo nokuphepha kwezakhamizi zayo nezakhamuzi ngokwenza izenzo ezinjengokusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga, ukugqugquzela inzondo, ukuhlanganyela emibhikishweni engagunyaziwe noma imibhikisho, nokuhlanganyela kwezinye izenzo ezingase ziphazamise ukuhleleka komphakathi. noma babukela phansi igunya lombuso. Le mithetho inezijeziso ezinzima kulabo abatholwa benecala, okubonisa ukuzibophezela okungantengantengi kwe-UAE ekugcineni umthetho nokuhleleka kuyilapho ilondoloza izimiso zezwe, izimiso, nokubumbana komphakathi.
Ithini incazelo esemthethweni yokuvukela umbuso ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UAE?
Umqondo wokuvukela umbuso uchazwe ngokucacile futhi udingidwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu yezomthetho ye-UAE, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwezwe ekugcineni ukuphepha kwezwe nokuzinza komphakathi. Ngokusho kwe-UAE Penal Code, ukuvukela umbuso kuhlanganisa inqwaba yamacala abandakanya ukugqugquzela ukuphikiswa noma ukungalaleli igunya lombuso noma ukuzama ukubukela phansi ukuba semthethweni kukahulumeni.
Izenzo zokuvukela umbuso ngaphansi komthetho we-UAE zihlanganisa ukukhuthaza imibono ehlose ukuketula isimiso esibusayo, ukubhebhezela inzondo kuhulumeni noma ezikhungweni zawo, ukuthuka esidlangalaleni uMongameli, iPhini Likamongameli, noma ababusi bama-emirate, nokusabalalisa imininingwane engamanga noma amahlebezi angasongela ukuthula komphakathi. . Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganyela noma ukuhlela imibhikisho engagunyaziwe, imibhikisho, noma imibuthano engaphazamisa ukuphepha komphakathi noma ibeke engozini izithakazelo zomphakathi kuthathwa njengamacala okuvukela umbuso.
Incazelo engokomthetho ye-UAE yokuvukela umbuso ibanzi futhi ihlanganisa izenzo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zithuntubeze inhlalo yomphakathi yezwe noma zibukele phansi imigomo yayo ebusayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuma kwesizwe okungaguquki ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izenzo ezibeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe laso, ukuhleleka komphakathi, kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi nezakhamuzi zaso.
Yiziphi izenzo noma inkulumo engabhekwa njengokubhebhezela ukuvukela umbuso noma amacala okuvukela umbuso e-UAE?
Imithetho ye-UAE ichaza uhla olubanzi lwezenzo nenkulumo engabhekwa njengamacala avukelayo noma agqugquzela ukuvukela umbuso. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukukhuthaza imibono noma izinkolelo ezihlose ukuketula uhlelo olubusayo, ukubukela phansi izikhungo zombuso, noma inselele ukuba semthethweni kukahulumeni.
- Ukuhlambalaza noma ukuhlambalaza esidlangalaleni uMongameli, iPhini Likamongameli, ababusi be-emirate, noma amalungu oMkhandlu Ophakeme ngenkulumo, ngokubhala, noma ngezinye izindlela.
- Ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga, amahlebezi, noma inkulumo-ze engasongela ukuhleleka komphakathi, ukuzinza komphakathi, noma izintshisekelo zombuso.
- Ukugqugquzela inzondo, udlame, noma ukungezwani kweqembu ngokumelene nombuso, izikhungo zawo, noma izingxenye zomphakathi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nenkolo, uhlanga, noma ubuzwe.
- Ukubamba iqhaza noma ukuhlela imibhikisho engagunyaziwe, imibhikisho, noma imibuthano yomphakathi engaphazamisa ukuphepha komphakathi noma ibeke engozini izintshisekelo zomphakathi.
- Izinto zokushicilela noma ezisatshalaliswayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziphrintiwe noma ku-inthanethi, ezikhuthaza imibono evukelayo, ezigqugquzela ukuphikiswa kombuso, noma eziqukethe ulwazi olungamanga olungalimaza ukuphepha kwezwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho ye-UAE mayelana nokuvukela umbuso ibanzi futhi ingahlanganisa izenzo nenkulumo eyahlukene, kokubili ku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, okuthathwa njengokusongela ukuzinza kwezwe, ukuphepha, noma ukubumbana komphakathi.
Yiziphi izijeziso zamacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso e-UAE?
I-UAE ithatha isinyathelo esiqinile ngokumelene nobugebengu obuhlobene nokuvukela umbuso, ibeka izijeziso ezinzima kulabo abatholakala benamacala anjalo. Izijeziso zivezwe ku-Penal Code ye-UAE nakweminye imithetho efanele, njenge-Federal Decree-Law No. 5 of 2012 on Combating Cybercrimes.
- Ukuboshwa: Ngokuya ngobunjalo nobukhulu becala, abantu abalahlwe amacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso bangabhekana nezigwebo ezinde ejele. Ngokwe-Article 183 ye-UAE Penal Code, noma ubani osungula, ophethe, noma ojoyina inhlangano ehloselwe ukuketula uhulumeni noma ukubukela phansi uhlelo lokuphatha lombuso angagwetshwa udilikajele noma isigwebo sesikhashana esingekho ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10.
- Isijezo esiphezulu: Kwezinye izimo ezibucayi kakhulu, njengalezo ezibandakanya izenzo zobudlova noma ubuphekula egameni lokuvukela umbuso, isigwebo sentambo singase sikhishwe. I-Article 180 ye-Penal Code ithi noma ubani otholakala enecala lokwenza isenzo sokuvukela umbuso esiholela ekufeni komunye umuntu angabhekana nesigwebo sentambo.
- Izinhlawulo: Izinhlawulo ezinkulu zingafakwa eceleni noma esikhundleni sokuboshwa. Isibonelo, i-Article 183 ye-Penal Code ibeka inhlawulo ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile kunoma ubani othuka uMongameli, iPhini Likamongameli, noma ababusi be-emirate esidlangalaleni.
- Ukuxoshwa: Abantu okungebona base-UAE abalahlwe amacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso bangase babhekane nokuxoshwa ezweni, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlawulo ezifana nokuboshwa nezinhlawulo.
- Izijeziso zobugebengu be-Cybercrime: I-Federal Decree-Law No. 5 of 2012 on Combating Cybercrimes iveza izinhlawulo ezithile zamacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso enziwe ngezindlela ze-elekthronikhi, okuhlanganisa ukuboshwa kwesikhashana kanye nezinhlawulo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iziphathimandla ze-UAE zinokuqonda kokukhipha izijeziso ezifanele ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zecala ngalinye, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nobukhulu becala, umthelela ongaba khona ekuvikelekeni kwezwe kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi, kanye nesinqumo somuntu ngamunye. izinga lokubandakanyeka noma inhloso.
Imithetho ye-UAE ihlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokugxeka/ukuphikisa kanye nezenzo zokuvukela umbuso?
| Ukugxeka/Ukuphikisa | Izenzo Zokuvukela |
|---|---|
| Kuvezwe ngezindlela ezinokuthula, ezisemthethweni, nezingezona udlame | Ukuphonsela inselelo ukuba semthethweni kukahulumeni |
| Ukuzwakalisa imibono, ukuveza okukhathazayo, noma ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ezinenhlonipho ngezindaba ezithinta umphakathi | Ukukhuthaza imibono okuhloswe ngayo ukuketula uhlelo olubusayo |
| Ivikelwe ngokujwayelekile njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, inqobo nje uma ingashukumisi inzondo noma udlame | Ukugqugquzela udlame, ukungezwani kwamahlelo, noma inzondo |
| Ukuba negalelo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni komphakathi | Ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga olungalimaza ukuphepha kwezwe noma ukuhleleka komphakathi |
| Kuvunyelwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho | Kuthathwa njengokungekho emthethweni futhi kujeziswe ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UAE |
| Inhloso, umongo, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona kuhlolwa iziphathimandla | Ukubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwezwe kanye nokubumbana komphakathi |
Iziphathimandla ze-UAE zihlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisemthethweni zokugxeka noma ukuphikisa, ezivame ukubekezelelwa, kanye nezenzo ezivusa inkanuko, ezithathwa njengezingekho emthethweni futhi ezingaphansi kwesenzo somthetho nezijeziso ezifanele. Izici ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo inhloso, umongo, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wezenzo noma inkulumo okukhulunywa ngayo, kanye nokuthi zeqa yini umugqa wokugqugquzela udlame, ukubukela phansi izikhungo zombuso, noma ukusongela ukuphepha kwezwe nokuhleleka komphakathi.
Inhloso inayiphi indima ekunqumeni ukuthi izenzo zothile ziwukuvukela umbuso?
Inhloso idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi izenzo noma inkulumo yomuntu ihlanganisa ukuvukela umbuso ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UAE. Iziphathimandla zihlola inhloso ewumsuka yezenzo noma izitatimende zokwehlukanisa phakathi kokugxeka okusemthethweni noma ukuphikisa kanye nezenzo zokuvukela umbuso ezisongela ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi.
Uma inhloso kuthathwa njengokusho kwemibono enokuthula, ukuveza ukukhathazeka, noma ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ezinenhlonipho ezindabeni ezithinta umphakathi, ngokuvamile akubhekwa njengokuvukela umbuso. Kodwa-ke, uma inhloso kuwukubhebhezela udlame, ukukhuthaza imibono ehloselwe ukuketula uhulumeni, noma ukubukela phansi izikhungo zombuso nokuzinza komphakathi, kungase kuchazwe njengecala lokuvukela umbuso.
Ukwengeza, umongo kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wezenzo noma inkulumo nakho kuyacatshangelwa. Ngisho noma inhloso ingekona ukuvukela umbuso ngokusobala, uma izenzo noma izitatimende zingase zibangele iziyaluyalu zomphakathi, ukungezwani kwamahlelo, noma ukubukela phansi ukuphepha kwezwe, zisengabhekwa njengezenzo zokuvukela umbuso ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UAE.
Ingabe kukhona izinhlinzeko ezithile emithethweni ye-UAE mayelana nokuvukela umbuso okwenziwe ngabezindaba, izinkundla eziku-inthanethi noma ngokushicilelwe?
Yebo, imithetho ye-UAE inezinhlinzeko ezithile mayelana namacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso enziwa ngemidiya, izinkundla ze-inthanethi, noma ukushicilelwa. Iziphathimandla ziyawabona amathuba okuthi lezi ziteshi zisetshenziswe kabi ekusakazeni okuqukethwe okuvukelayo noma ukubhebhethekisa iziyaluyalu. I-Federal Decree-Law ye-UAE's Federal Decree-Law No. 5 of 2012 on Combating Cybercrimes iveza izinhlawulo zamacala ahlobene nokuvukela umbuso enziwe ngezindlela ze-elekthronikhi, njengokuboshwa kwesikhashana kanye nezinhlawulo ezisukela ku-AED 250,000 ($68,000) kuya ku-AED 1,000,000 $.
Ukwengeza, Ikhodi Yenhlawulo ye-UAE kanye neminye imithetho efanele iphinde ihlanganise imisebenzi yokuvukela umbuso ehlanganisa abezindaba bendabuko, ukushicilela, noma imibuthano yomphakathi. Izinhlawulo zingabandakanya ukuboshwa, izinhlawulo ezinkulu, ngisho nokudingiswa kwabantu okungezona i-UAE abalahlwe amacala anjalo.
