Amacala eDaily and Criminal Justice
Uhlelo Lomthetho Wezobugebengu e-United Arab Emirates
Umthetho Wezobugebengu e-UAE
Umthetho wobugebengu we-United Arab Emirates (i-UAE) uhleleke kakhulu ngemuva komthetho weSharia, okuyikhodi yokuziphatha kanye nomthetho wenkolo yamaSulumane. Umthetho weSharia usebenza ngezinto ezifana notshwala, ukugembula, ezocansi, amakhodi okugqoka, umshado, nezinye izindaba. Izinkantolo eDubai zisebenzisa umthetho weSharia kungakhathalekile ubuzwe noma inkolo yamaqembu aphambi kwabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iNkantolo eDubai iyavuma futhi isebenzise umthetho weSharia kwabokufika noma abangewona amaSulumane abaphula imithetho yaseDubai.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izakhamizi zezwe, ezendawo, izifiki kanye nezivakashi, zazi imithetho nezimiso zalo eziyisisekelo. Ulwazi olufanele lomthetho wobugebengu luqinisekisa ukuthi ngokungazi wephuli umthetho noma umthethonqubo bese uthola imiphumela. Ukunganakwa komthetho akusoze kwaba izaba phambi kweNkantolo.
Imithetho yobugebengu ku Dubai agcina imvelo yize iningi labantu lingabokufika. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukuthi izivakashi zigwetshwe eDubai ngezenzo amanye amazwe azibheka zingenabungozi futhi zisemthethweni.
Izijeziso zobugebengu eDubai zisukela ekushayweni kuya ejele. Ukuze ugweme lezi zijeziso, noma ubani obekwe icala lobugebengu udinga usizo lommeli wobugebengu owazi kahle uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu e-Dubai. Abameli bobugebengu kwa-Amal Khamis Advocates & Legal Consultants qonda ubunzima becala lobugebengu e-UAE. Njengoba abameli bezokuvikela ubugebengu, sinolwazi nobungoti bokusiza ngamashaji anjalo.
Buyini ubugebengu e-UAE?
Ubugebengu e-UAE kumane nje kuyisenzo noma ukweqiwa okuyicala futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho wezwe. Incazelo yobugebengu iyefana kuzo zonke iziphathimandla. Kepha inqubo yokuthola icala lommangalelwa iyahluka emazweni ahlukene, njengoba kwenza nezinhlawulo ezibekiwe.
Ubugebengu abubandakanyi ukulimala emzimbeni kuphela. Zingabandakanya ukulimala ngokwezimali, ngokokuziphatha nangokomzimba kunoma yimuphi umuntu noma inhlangano. Amacala e-Dubai angahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisithupha ezibanzi:
Amacala ezocansi: Ukuhlukunyezwa okuncane ngokocansi, ukudlwengula, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuziveza obala, ubufebe, ubungqingili, nokukhombisa uthando obala obala kungezinye zobugebengu bezocansi eDubai.
- Ama-cybercrimes: Ukukhwabanisa kwe-inthanethi kwezezimali, ukuhlukunyezwa nge-digital, ukukhwabanisa okuku-inthanethi, ukwebiwa kwezazisi, ukukhwabanisa imali online, ukukhwabanisa kokutshala imali kwi-inthanethi, kanye nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi konke kungaphansi kwesigaba sobugebengu be-inthanethi.
- Amacala ezezimali: Amacala anjengokushushumbisa imali, ukukhwabanisa kwamakhadi esikweletu, ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yakho, ukufumbathisa nenkohlakalo, ukukhwabanisa imali, amabhange nokukhwabanisa kokutshalwa kwemali, angena ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- Amacala ezidakamizwa: Lokhu kubandakanya ukutholakala kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, phakathi kwamanye amacala.
- Ubugebengu obunodlame: Ukubulawa kwabantu, ukubulala, ukuthumba, ukushaya, kanye nebhethri kuwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- Obunye ubugebengu: Lesi sigaba sifaka amacala afana nokuhlubuka, ukuphuza utshwala, ukukhipha isisu, ukwephulwa kwekhodi yokugqoka, ukudla nokuphuza esidlangalaleni ngesikhathi seRamadan, izinsolo zamanga ubugebengu, ukweba, phakathi kokunye.
Zinjani izinqubo zobugebengu eDubai?
Inqubo yamacala obugebengu eDubai ingaba nzima. Ikakhulukazi abafuduki bangaphandle. Isizathu salokhu umgoqo wolimi. Esinye isizathu ukuthi i-Dubai ithola eminye yemithetho yobugebengu evela ku-Islamic Sharia Law.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi noma ngubani ophula imithetho yezwe ubhekene nohlelo lwayo lokwahlulela, owokufika noma cha. Uhulumeni wasekhaya wakwelinye izwe akakwazi ukubavikela emiphumeleni yezenzo zabo. Futhi azikwazi ukwedlula izinqumo zeziphathimandla zendawo noma zifune ukuphathwa okuthandwa yizakhamuzi zazo.
Kodwa-ke, bazokwenza imizamo yokubona ukuthi izakhamizi zabo azibandlululwa, zenqatshelwa ubulungiswa, noma zijeziswe ngokweqile.
Ungaqala Kanjani Izenzo Zobugebengu eDubai?
Uma ngabe ube yisisulu sobugebengu eDubai, isinyathelo sokuqala okufanele usithathe ngemuva kobugebengu ukufaka isikhalazo sobugebengu kulowo owonile kumaphoyisa. Esikhalweni sobugebengu, kufanele ulandise ukulandelana kwezigameko ngokusemthethweni (ngokubhala) noma ngomlomo (amaphoyisa azorekhoda isitatimende somlomo ngesi-Arabhu). Kufanele usayine isitatimende.
Qaphela, kufanele ufake isikhalazo sobugebengu esiteshini samaphoyisa endaweni lapho kwenzeke khona ubugebengu.
Uqhubeka kanjani amacala obugebengu?
Ngemuva kokuthi ummangali enze isitatimende sakhe, amaphoyisa axhumana nommangalelwa bese ethatha isitatimende sakhe. Lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yophenyo lobugebengu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ummangalelwa angazisa amaphoyisa ngabangaba ngofakazi abangabafakazela. Amaphoyisa angabiza labo fakazi bese eqopha izitatimende zabo.
Amaphoyisa abe esedlulisela isikhalazo eminyangweni efanele (njengomnyango wezobugebengu obenziwa ngogesi kanye nomnyango wezokwelapha we-forensic) obhekele ukubuyekeza izikhalazo.
Uma amaphoyisa esezithathe zonke izitatimende ezifanele, abe esedlulisela isimangalo kushushiso lomphakathi.
Ukushushiswa komphakathi yisiphathimandla sokwahlulela esinamandla okudlulisela amacala enkantolo yobugebengu.
Uma udaba selufike kumshushisi womphakathi, umshushisi uzobiza ummangali nommangalelwa ngokwehlukana ukuze bazoxoxwa. Womabili amaqembu angaba nethuba lokuletha ofakazi abazofakaza ngabo ngaphambi komshushisi.
Umabhalane osiza umshushisi uqopha izitatimende zamaqembu ngesi-Arabhu. Futhi amaqembu kufanele asayine izitatimende zawo.
Uma umshushisi ethatha isinqumo sokuthatha leli cala, bazobiza ummangalelwa ukuthi avele ngaphambi kwenkantolo efanele yezobugebengu. Umshushisi unikeza inkantolo imininingwane yecala (amacala) umsolwa abekwe lona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umshushisi ezwa ukuthi asikho isizathu sokuqhubeka necala, bayaligcina.
Yiziphi Izijeziso Ongazilindela?
Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi ummangalelwa unecala, inkantolo iletha izinhlawulo ngokomthetho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukufa (isijeziso sokufa)
- Ukudilikelwa ijele (iminyaka eyi-15 nangaphezulu)
- Ukuboshwa okwesikhashana (iminyaka emi-3 kuye kwengu-15)
- Ukuvalelwa (iminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwengu-3)
- Ukuboshwa (inyanga eyodwa kuya onyakeni owodwa)
- Ukushaywa (kuze kube yimivimbo engu-200)
Umuntu olahlwe yicala unezinsuku eziyi-15 zokuphikisa isinqumo esinecala. Uma bekhetha ukudlulisa icala, basazogcinwa esitokisini kuze kube kulalelwa inkantolo yokulalelwa kwesikhalazo.
Kwesinye isinqumo esinecala, umenzi wobubi naye angadlulisa inkantolo ngesinqumo sokudlulisa icala. Lesi sicelo sidluliselwe enkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke. Okwamanje, ummeli kommangalelwa kumele akhombise ukuthi enye yezinkantolo eziphansi yenze iphutha ngesikhathi isebenzisa umthetho.
Inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ingashintsha izigwebo zasejele zamacala amancane ziye ekusebenzeleni umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, icala elincane elalijeziswa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma inhlawulo lingashintshwa yinkonzo yomphakathi cishe izinyanga ezintathu.
Inkantolo ingaphinde ikhiphe umyalelo wokuthi isikhathi senkonzo yomphakathi siguqulwe sibe yisikhathi sejele. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka uma umshushisi womphakathi ebika ukuthi owonile wehlulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi somsebenzi womphakathi.
Ukujeziswa kwamacala omthetho wamaSulumane kusekelwe emthethweni wamaSulumane (Sharia). Kukhona isijeziso esibizwa qisa, futhi ikhona diya. I-Qisas isho ukujeziswa okulinganayo. Isibonelo, iso ngeso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-diyya iyinkokhelo eyinxephezelo yokufa kwesisulu, esaziwa ngokuthi “imali yegazi.”
Izinkantolo zizobeka isigwebo sentambo lapho ubugebengu bubeka engcupheni ukuphepha komphakathi. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo ayivamile ukukhipha isigwebo sentambo. Ngaphambi kokuthi bakwazi ukwenza lokho, iqembu lamajaji amathathu kumele livume ngalo. Noma kunjalo, isigwebo sentambo singeke sikhishwe uMongameli engakaqinisekisi.
Ngaphansi komthetho wamaSulumane eDubai, uma inkantolo ithola ummangalelwa enecala lokubulala, umndeni womuntu ohlukunyeziwe kuphela ongacela isigwebo sentambo. Bavunyelwe futhi ukuyekelela lelo lungelo nokufuna diya. Ngisho noMengameli akakwazi ukugxambukela esimweni esinjalo.
Udinga Ummeli Wobugebengu wase-UAE Onolwazi?
Ukuthola ubulungiswa kwezobugebengu eDubai kungakhungathekisa kancane. Udinga ummeli wezigebengu onolwazi futhi onolwazi ngohlelo lwezobulungiswa ezweni.
At Ama-Amal Khamis Advocates kanye Nabeluleki Bezomthetho, sineminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile ezindabeni zobugebengu. Abameli bethu kanye nabeluleki bezomthetho bathole ulwazi olunzulu kanye nobuchule bokumela amakhasimende asolwa ngamacala obugebengu kahulumeni noma wombuso ezweni. Uma ubekwe icala lobugebengu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nommeli wobugebengu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma udinga ukuthi sikusize ngodaba lwakho lobugebengu, noma wazi othile owenzayo, lapho-ke simane nje siqede nje. Xhumana nathi, futhi singaqala.
