Ukuhlonza okungalungile kwezokwelapha kwenzeka kaningi kunalokho abantu abakuqaphelayo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izigidi ezingu-25 emhlabeni wonke zihlonza okungalungile minyaka yonke. Nakuba kungezona zonke izifo ezingalungile ezibangelwa ukunganaki , ukuhlonza okungalungile okubangelwa ukunganaki nokulimala kungaba yizimo zokungasebenzi kahle.

Izinto Ezidingekayo Ngesimangalo Sokuxilonga Okungalungile

Ukuze kutholakale icala lokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokuxilonga okungalungile , kumele kuqinisekiswe izinto ezine ezibalulekile zomthetho:

1. Ubudlelwano Bodokotela Nesiguli

Kumelwe kube nobudlelwano phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli obusungula umsebenzi wokunakekelwa ngudokotela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubunakekelwa noma bekufanele ngabe ubunakekelwa ngudokotela lapho kwenzeka ukutholakala okungalungile.

2. Ukunganaki

Udokotela kumelwe ukuba wenze ngokunganaki, ephambuka endleleni yokunakekelwa eyamukelekayo okwakufanele inikezwe. Ukumane nje uphambukile ngokuxilonga akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unesifo esinganaki.

3. Umphumela Wokulimala

Kumelwe kuboniswe ukuthi ukuhlonza okungalungile kubangele ukulimala ngqo , njengokulimala ngokomzimba, ukukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa yimali, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, noma ukuqhubeka kwesimo.

4. Ikhono Lokufaka Isimangalo Sokulimala

Kumelwe ukuba ulahlekelwe yimali engabalwa ngendlela engabalelwa ngokusemthethweni njengesinxephezelo.

“Ukuze kube yicala lokwephula umthetho wezokwelapha, kumele kube nesibopho esikweletwa udokotela esigulini, ukwephulwa kwalowo msebenzi ngudokotela, kanye nokulimala okubangelwe ukwephulwa komthetho ngudokotela.” – I-American Medical Association

Izinhlobo Zokuxilonga Ngokunganaki

Ukuhlonza okungalungile kungathatha izindlela eziningana, kuye ngephutha elenziwe:

• Ukuxilongwa okungalungile - kutholakala isimo esingalungile
• Ukuxilongwa okuphuthelwe – udokotela uyehluleka ukubona ubukhona besimo
• Ukuxilongwa kubambezelekile - ukuxilongwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokunengqondo ngokwezokwelapha
• Ukuhluleka ukuhlonza izinkinga – izinkinga ezingekho ezihlobene nesimo esikhona

Ukweqa okubonakala kulula kungase kube nemiphumela eyinhlekelele esigulini. Ukubonisa kahle ukuthi udokotela ube budedengu kanjani kubalulekile.

Izimo Ezivame Ukungaqondakali Kakhulu

Ezinye izimo zivame ukuba namaphutha okuxilonga . Ezingahlolwanga kahle kakhulu zifaka:

• Cancer
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• imivimbo
• I-Appendicitis
• Diabetes

Izimpawu ezingacacile noma ze-atypical zivame ukwenza kube nzima lokhu kuxilongwa. Kodwa ukwehluleka ukuxilonga lezi zimo ngokushesha kuholela emiphumeleni ebuhlungu.

"Akuwona wonke amaphutha okuxilonga angokungasebenzi kahle. Amanye amaphutha awanakugwenywa, ngisho noma kunendlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu." - I-New England Journal of Medicine

Izizathu Ezingemuva Kwamaphutha Okuxilonga

Kunezici eziningana ezibangela odokotela ukuthi bangaziqondi kahle izimo futhi benze amaphutha aholela ekungalungini okungenzeka:

• Ukuhlukana kokuxhumana - Izinkinga zokudlulisa noma ukuqoqa imininingwane yesiguli
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okunephutha - Imiphumela yokuhlolwa enganembile noma ehunyushwe kabi
• Isethulo sezimpawu ezingavamile - Izimpawu ezingacacile/ezingalindelekile zenza kube nzima ukuxilonga
• Ukungaqiniseki okukhona kokuxilonga - Ezinye izimo zinzima ngokwemvelo ukuzixilonga

Ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi lezi noma ezinye izici ziholele kanjani ekuxilongweni okungalungile kwakha isimangalo sokunganaki.

Imiphumela ye-Misdiagnoses

Ukuhlonza okungalungile kuholela emiphumeleni emibi, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuqhubeka kwezimo zezempilo ezingalashwa, eziba zimbi
• Izinkinga zokwelashwa okungadingekile kanye nemiphumela emibi yemithi
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo - ukukhathazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukuthembela kodokotela
• Ukukhubazeka lapho ukugula kuba kubi kubangela ukulahlekelwa amakhono
• Ukufa okungalungile

Uma imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu, ikhombisa ngokusobala kakhulu umonakalo owenziwe. Umonakalo wezomnotho nokungewona owezomnotho ungafunwa ngokusekelwe kule miphumela.

Izinyathelo Okufanele Uzithathe Ngemva Kokuxilongwa Okungalungile Okusolwayo

Uma uthola ukuthi uthole ukuxilongwa okungalungile , thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha:

• Thola amakhophi awo wonke amarekhodi ezokwelapha – Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi yikuphi ukuxilonga okutholile
• Xhumana nommeli wokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelashwa – Isiqondiso somthetho siyisihluthulelo kulezi zimo
• Bala futhi ubhale phansi konke ukulahlekelwa - I-akhawunti yezindleko zokwelashwa, iholo elilahlekile, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka

Isikhathi siwumongo, njengoba izimiso zemikhawulo zikhawulela amafasitela esikhathi sokufaka. Ummeli onolwazi uyasiza ngalezi zinyathelo.

“Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uhlolwe kabi futhi walimala, xhumana nommeli onolwazi emthethweni wokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelapha.” – I-American Bar Association

Ukwakha Icala Eliqinile Lemisdiagnosis Malpractice

Ukwakha icala eliphoqayo kudinga ikhono lezomthetho kanye nobufakazi bezokwelapha. Amasu ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukusungula ubudedengu - Ubufakazi bochwepheshe bukhuluma ngezindinganiso ezifanele zokuxilongwa futhi uma zephulwa
• Ikhomba lapho iphutha lenzeke khona - Ukuhlonza isenzo esiqondile noma ukweqiwa okudale ukungaxilongwa kahle
• Ukunquma ukuthi ubani onesibopho – Udokotela onesibopho ngokuqondile? Ihlola ilebhu? Umkhiqizi wezisetshenziswa obangele imiphumela enephutha?

Ukufakazela ngempumelelo ukunganaki kanye nembangela ngale ndlela kungenza noma kuphule icala.

Ukuthola Umonakalo Emacaleni Okuxilongwa Okungalungile

Uma ubudedengu busungulwa ekuxilongweni okungalungile, umonakalo ongafunwa uhlanganisa:

Ukulimala Kwezomnotho

• Izindleko zokwelashwa
• Imali engenayo elahlekile
• Ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo yesikhathi esizayo

Ukulimala Okungekona Kwezomnotho

• Ubuhlungu bomzimba/ubuhlungu bengqondo
• Ukulahlekelwa ubungane
• Ukulahlekelwa injabulo yokuphila

Ukulimala kwesijeziso

• Iklonyeliswa uma ubudedengu bubudedengu noma bunzima kakhulu.

Bhala phansi konke ukulahlekelwa futhi usebenzise umeluleki wezomthetho ukuze ukwandise ukutholwa.

Isimo Sezinkinga Zemikhawulo

Imithetho yemikhawulo ibeka izinsuku zokugcina eziqinile zokufaka izicelo zokungasebenzi kahle kwezokwelapha esifundazweni sonke. Lezi ziqala onyakeni owodwa (eKentucky) kuya eminyakeni eyi-6 (eMaine). Ukufaka izicelo ngale komkhawulo kungasichitha isicelo. Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha kubalulekile.

"Ungalokothi ungayinaki inkinga yokuxilonga okungalungile, ikakhulukazi uma ukholelwa ukuthi ikubangele ukulimala. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha kanye neseluleko sezomthetho ngokushesha." - I-American Patient Advocacy Association

Isiphetho

Ukuxilonga okungalungile kwezokwelapha okwephula izinga lokunakekelwa futhi kuphumele ekulimaleni kwesiguli okungavinjelwa kudlulele endaweni yokunganaki kanye nokungalungile. Amaqembu ahluphekayo abekezelela ukulahlekelwa anezizathu ezingokomthetho zokuthatha isinyathelo.

Ngemikhawulo eqinile yokufaka izicelo, izici ezingokomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi okufanele zizulazule, kanye nobufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha obudingekayo, ukuphishekela amacala okuxilongwa kabi kudinga isiqondiso esinekhono. Ummeli owazi kahle umthetho wokungalungi kwezokwelapha ubalulekile ekukhuphuleni izinselele ezithembekile. Ikakhulukazi uma impilo yomuntu, ukuziphilisa kanye nobulungiswa kulenga.

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

• Akuwona wonke amaphutha okuxilonga afaneleka njengokungalungile
• Ukunganaki okubangela ukulimala kwesiguli ngokuqondile kusemqoka
• Ngokushesha thola amarekhodi ezokwelapha futhi uxhumane nomeluleki wezomthetho
• Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha basekela ubufakazi bokunganaki
• Umonakalo wezomnotho nokungewona owezomnotho ungafunwa
• Kusebenza imithetho eqinile yemikhawulo
• Usizo lwezomthetho olunolwazi lwelulekwa ngokuqinile

Azikho izimpendulo ezilula ezimweni zokungazinaki kahle. Kodwa ubungcweti bezomthetho obufanele ngasohlangothini lwakho bungenza umehluko ngokufuna ubulungiswa.