Kubera Ndalama kapena Hawala ku UAE, Malamulo & Zilango

Kodi Hawala ndi Money Laundering amafotokozedwa bwanji pansi pa Malamulo a UAE?

Malinga ndi malamulo ndi malamulo a UAE, Hawala ndi Money Laundering amafotokozedwa motere:

Hawala: Banki Yaikulu ya UAE imatanthauzira Hawala ngati njira yosamutsira ndalama yomwe imagwira ntchito kunja kwa mabanki wamba. Zimakhudza kusamutsa ndalama kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina kudzera kwa opereka chithandizo omwe amadziwika kuti "hawaladars" popanda kusuntha kulikonse kwa ndalama.

Kubera Ndalama: Kubera Ndalama ndi mlandu wophwanya malamulo a UAE Federal Law No. 20 of 2018 on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism. Imatanthauzidwa ngati njira yobisa kapena kubisa zenizeni, gwero, malo, mawonekedwe, kayendetsedwe, kapena umwini wandalama kapena katundu wochokera kuzinthu zosaloledwa.

Zina mwa zitsanzo ndi izi: kupanga/kuzembetsa, makampani a zipolopolo, kugulitsa nyumba ndi nyumba, kubetcha kotengera malonda, ntchito zamakasino, kusinthana ndi cryptocurrency, kuzembetsa ndalama zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika maukonde a Hawala.

UAE ikuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi izi, ndipo zotsatira zalamulo kwa anthu kapena mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa ndi Hawala kapena Money Laundering zitha kukhala zowopsa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a UAE odana ndi kuba ndalama ndikuyendetsa ndalama kudzera munjira zovomerezeka ndi zovomerezeka.

Ndi liti pamene Hawala Ndi Yovomerezeka Kapena Yosaloledwa ku UAE?

Hawala, njira yosamutsira ndalama mwachisawawa, siyololedwa ku UAE. Komabe, ndi njira yosalamulirika komanso yosalongosoka, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita zinthu zosaloledwa, kuphatikizapo kubera ndalama ndi kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Kuvomerezeka kwa zochitika za Hawala ku UAE kumadalira komwe kumachokera ndalama komanso cholinga chomwe akufuna.

Ngati Hawala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza ndalama zochokera kuzinthu zovomerezeka ndi zolinga zovomerezeka, zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi zovomerezeka. Komabe, ngati zigwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa ndalama zomwe zapezedwa kudzera m'njira zosaloledwa kapena zosaloledwa, monga kubera ndalama, kuthandizira zauchigawenga, kapena kuzemba msonkho, zimakhala zoletsedwa pansi pa malamulo a UAE. Akuluakulu aboma amayang'anitsitsa maukonde a Hawala kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatira malamulo odana ndi kuba ndalama komanso malamulo othana ndi uchigawenga.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale Hawala payokha silololedwa, UAE ili ndi malamulo okhwima othana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika njira zotumizira ndalama mwachisawawa pazinthu zosaloledwa. Anthu ndi mabizinesi akulangizidwa kuti azisamala ndikuchita zochitika zachuma kudzera munjira zovomerezeka komanso zoyendetsedwa ndi malamulo kuti apewe zotsatira zalamulo.

Mitundu Yamilandu Yowononga Ndalama ku UAE

UAE yawona mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamilandu yolanda ndalama yokhudza anthu ndi mabungwe omwe akuchita zinthu zosaloledwa. Nayi mitundu ina yamilandu yobera ndalama yomwe imawonedwa ku UAE:

1. Kubera Ndalama Zogwirizana ndi Nyumba: Izi zikuphatikizapo kugula ndi kugulitsa katundu pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotengedwa kumalo osaloledwa, monga kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chinyengo, kapena katangale.
2. Kubera Ndalama Mogwirizana ndi Malonda: Kubera kotereku kumaphatikizapo kuimiridwa molakwika kwa mtengo, kuchuluka, kapena mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja/kutumiza kunja kuti ndalama zosaloledwa zidutse malire.
3. Kuzembetsa Ndalama Zochuluka: Izi zikuphatikizapo kunyamula ndalama zambiri kudutsa malire, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabisidwa m'galimoto, m'chikwama, kapena njira zina, pofuna kupeŵa kupereka malipoti ndi kubisa komwe ndalama zachokera.
4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Zotengera Kampani ya Shell: Pankhani yamtunduwu, anthu kapena mabungwe amakhazikitsa makampani abodza kapena zipolopolo kuti abise umwini weniweni ndi gwero la ndalama, ndikupereka chivundikiro chowonekera chovomerezeka pakuchita zinthu zosaloledwa.
5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika kwa Informal Value Transfer Systems (IVTS) monga Hawala: Milandu ina imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotumizira ndalama mwachisawawa monga Hawala kuti asunthire ndalama zosaloledwa padziko lonse lapansi, kutenga mwayi chifukwa chosowa ndalama.
6. Kubera ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito Cryptocurrency: Ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma cryptocurrencies, milandu ina imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha digito kubisa mayendedwe ndi chiyambi cha ndalama zosaloledwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kusadziwika komanso kugawikana kwazinthu izi.
7. Kubera kudzera m'Makasino ndi Malo Okhazikitsa Masewera: Nthawi zina, ma kasino ndi malo ochitira masewera akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthanitsa ndalama zambiri ndi tchipisi kapena zida zina zandalama, kubisa komwe kumachokera ndalamazo.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti njira zowonongera ndalama zimatha kukhala zovuta komanso kusintha pakapita nthawi, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza njira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira zothana ndi kubera ndalama, njira zoyendetsera bwino, komanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi zigawengazi ku UAE.

Kodi Anti Money Laundering Law ku UAE ndi chiyani?

Lamulo Loletsa Kubera Ndalama ku UAE limayang'aniridwa ndi Federal Law No. 20 of 2018 on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism. Lamulo lathunthu ili limafotokoza ndi kuletsa ntchito zowononga ndalama mwachinyengo, limafotokoza njira zothana ndi zigawenga, ndikukhazikitsa njira zowongolera.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Lamulo la Anti-Money Laundering ku UAE zikuphatikiza:

1. Tanthauzo la Kubera Ndalama: Imatanthauzira momveka bwino kuba ndalama mobisa ngati kubisa kapena kubisa ndalama zotengedwa kuzinthu zosaloledwa.
2. Udindo Wopereka Lipoti: Imafunika mabungwe azachuma ndi mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito njira za AML/CFT, kuphatikiza kulimbikira kwamakasitomala, kuyang'anira zochitika, ndikupereka malipoti okayikitsa.
3. Zilango ndi Zilango: Amapereka zilango zokhwima, kuphatikizapo chindapusa ndi kutsekeredwa m’ndende, chifukwa chosamvera.
4. Ulamuliro Waluso: Imalamula kukhazikitsidwa kwa maulamuliro monga Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) kuti aziyang'anira zoyeserera za AML/CFT.
5. Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse: Imathandizira mgwirizano ndi kugawana zidziwitso ndi mayiko ena polimbana ndi kubera ndalama komanso kuthandizira zigawenga.

Kodi Zilango Zochuluka Zotani Zokhudza Kubera Ndalama ku UAE?

Lamulo Loletsa Kubera Ndalama ku UAE limapereka zilango zowopsa kwa anthu ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi mlandu wolakwira ndalama. Zilango zazikulu zokhuza kugulitsa ndalama ku UAE ndi izi:

1. Kumangidwa:
   • Kwa anthu pawokha: Mpaka zaka 10 m'ndende.
   • Kwa mamanenjala kapena oimira mabungwe ovomerezeka: Mpaka zaka 15 m'ndende.
2. Zindapusa:
   • Kwa anthu pawokha: Chindapusa chosapitirira AED 5 miliyoni (pafupifupi $1.36 miliyoni).
   • Kwa mabungwe ovomerezeka: Chindapusa chosapitilira AED 50 miliyoni (pafupifupi $13.6 miliyoni).

Kuphatikiza pa zilango izi, anthu omwe ali ndi mlandu kapena mabungwe amathanso kukumana ndi:

• Kulanda ndalama, katundu, kapena zida zokhudzana ndi mlandu wowononga ndalama.
• Kuthetsedwa kapena kutseka kwakanthawi kapena kokhazikika kwa bungwe lovomerezeka lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi mlanduwo.
• Kufalitsidwa kwa chigamulo cha khoti m’manyuzipepala awiri atsiku ndi tsiku a m’derali movutitsa wopezeka ndi mlanduwo.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zilango izi zikuyimira zilango zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi lamulo. Chilango chenichenicho chikhoza kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zochitika zenizeni za mlanduwo, kukula kwa cholakwacho, ndi zina zochepetsera kapena kukulitsa.

UAE ikuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi kuba ndalama mwachinyengo, ndipo zilango zazikuluzi zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa dziko lino poletsa ndi kuthana ndi milandu yazachuma yomwe ili m'manja mwake.

Kodi pali Zopereka Zapadera Zakuwononga Ndalama zolumikizidwa ndi Upandu Wokonzedwa kapena Kulipira Zachigawenga?

Inde, Lamulo la Anti-Money Laundering la UAE limaphatikizapo makonzedwe apadera olakwira ndalama okhudzana ndi zigawenga kapena zigawenga:

1. Zilango Zowawa Kwambiri Pamilandu Yolinganizidwa: Ngati mlandu wowononga ndalama ukuchitika mkati mwa dongosolo la gulu lachigawenga, chilango chachikulu cha ndende chidzawonjezeka ndi gawo linalake.
2. Kuphwanya Ndalama Zachigawenga: Lamuloli likuletsa kupereka ndalama kwa zigawenga ndi mabungwe achigawenga. Munthu aliyense amene mwadala atolera, kusamutsa, kapena kupereka ndalama kapena katundu ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito zigawenga akhoza kukhala m'ndende kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kulipira chindapusa.
3. Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse: Lamuloli limathandizira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikugawana zidziwitso ndi maiko ndi maulamuliro ena polimbana ndi kuba ndalama, umbanda wolinganiza, ndikupereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Izi zikuphatikiza malamulo oti abwezedwe kumayiko ena komanso kuthandizana pazamalamulo.
4. Zolangidwa Zazachuma: UAE yakhazikitsa zilango zazachuma kwa anthu ndi mabungwe omwe asankhidwa ndi United Nations Security Council kapena mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi kuti akukhudzidwa ndi zachuma zauchigawenga kapena ogwirizana ndi mabungwe azigawenga.

Malamulo apaderawa akuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa UAE polimbana ndi ndalama zauchigawenga ndi umbanda wolinganiza, zomwe zikuwopseza kwambiri chitetezo chadziko lonse lapansi. Zilango zazikuluzikulu ndi njira zolimbikitsira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi zikufuna kusokoneza ndi kuthetsa ntchito zosaloledwa izi ndi maukonde awo azachuma.

Zofunikira Pakutsata AML Kwa Mabizinesi ku UAE

Lamulo Loletsa Kubera Ndalama ku UAE limakhazikitsa zofunikira zingapo pamabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito mdziko muno. Nazi zofunika pakutsata kwa AML pamabizinesi aku UAE:

1. kulembetsa: Kulembetsa kovomerezeka ndi goAML portal ya FIs ndi DNFBPs.
2. Ofesi Yotsatira ya AML: Sankhani munthu wodzipereka kuti aziyang'anira pulogalamu ya AML.
3. Pulogalamu ya AML: Khazikitsani ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko za KYC, kuyang'anira zochitika, kuyang'anira zoopsa, ndi kupereka malipoti.
4. Njira Yotengera Zowopsa: Tailor AML pulogalamu kukula bizinesi, chilengedwe, ndi chiwopsezo chibadidwe.
5. Kasitomala Chifukwa Chachangu (CDD): Chitani macheke mwatsatanetsatane a KYC, kuphatikiza chitsimikiziro ndi umwini wopindulitsa.
6. Kulimbikira Kwambiri (EDD): Ikani njira zowonjezera kwa makasitomala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati ma PEP.
7. Transaction Monitoring: Yang'anirani zochitika zokayikitsa.
8. Lipoti la Zochita Zokayikitsa: Nenani zachitika zokayikitsa ku Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU).
9. Kusunga Zolemba: Sungani mbiri yamakasitomala ndi zochitika zosachepera zaka 5.
10. Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito: Perekani maphunziro a AML / CFT nthawi zonse kwa ogwira ntchito.
11. Independent Audit: Chitani kafukufuku wanthawi zonse wa pulogalamu ya AML/CFT.
12. Mgwirizano ndi Maboma: Gwirizanani ndi aboma ndikupereka zidziwitso zofunika.

Kukanika kutsatira izi kungayambitse zilango zowopsa, kuphatikiza chindapusa, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, komanso kuthetsedwa kwa ziphaso kapena kutsekedwa kwabizinesi. Mabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito ku UAE ayenera kuika patsogolo kutsatira AML kuti achepetse zoopsa komanso kusunga kukhulupirika kwa kayendetsedwe kazachuma.

Kodi Red Flags mu AML ndi chiyani?

Mbendera zofiira zimatanthawuza zizindikiro zachilendo zomwe zimasonyeza ntchito yomwe ingakhale yosaloledwa yomwe imafuna kufufuza kwina. Zizindikiro zofiira za AML zimagwirizana ndi:

Makhalidwe Okayikitsa Makasitomala

• Chinsinsi chodziwika kapena kusafuna kupereka zambiri
• Kusafuna kufotokoza zambiri za chikhalidwe ndi cholinga cha bizinesi
• Kusintha pafupipafupi komanso kosadziwika bwino pakuzindikiritsa zambiri
• Zoyeserera zokayikitsa zopewa kupereka lipoti

Zochita Zowopsa Kwambiri

• Kulipira kwakukulu kwandalama popanda chiyambi chandalama
• Zochita ndi mabungwe omwe ali m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
• Zolinga zovuta zomwe zimabisa umwini wopindulitsa
• Kukula kolakwika kapena kuchuluka kwa mbiri yamakasitomala

Zochitika Zachilendo

• Zochita zomwe zilibe chifukwa chomveka bwino pazachuma
• Zosagwirizana ndi zochitika zanthawi zonse za kasitomala
• Kusadziwa zambiri zamalonda omwe apangidwa m'malo mwa munthu

Red Flags mu UAE's Context

UAE imayang'anizana ndi zenizeni ngozi zowononga ndalama kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwandalama, kugulitsa golide, kugulitsa nyumba ndi nyumba ndi zina. Zizindikiro zina zofiira zikuphatikizapo:

Kusinthana kwa Ndalama

• Kusungitsa, kusinthanitsa kapena kuchotsera pa AED 55,000
• Zochita zingapo zocheperapo kuti musapereke malipoti
• Kugula zida za ndalama monga macheke apaulendo popanda mapulani oyenda
• Akuganiziridwa kuti akukhudzidwa zachinyengo ku UAE

Ndalama Zamalonda

• Makasitomala omwe akuwonetsa kukhudzidwa pang'ono ndi malipiro, ma komisheni, zikalata zamalonda, ndi zina.
• Malipoti abodza atsatanetsatane wazinthu ndi njira zotumizira
• Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu mu kuchuluka kwa katundu / kutumiza kunja kapena kufunikira

Nyumba ndi zomangidwa

• Kugulitsa ndalama zonse, makamaka kudzera pawaya kuchokera kumabanki akunja
• Zochita ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka omwe umwini wawo sangatsimikizidwe
• Mitengo yogulira yosagwirizana ndi malipoti owerengera
• Kugula nthawi imodzi ndi malonda pakati pa mabungwe ogwirizana

Golide/Zodzikongoletsera

• Kugula ndalama pafupipafupi kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimaganiziridwa kugulitsanso
• Kukana kupereka umboni wa chiyambi cha ndalama
• Kugula / kugulitsa popanda malire a phindu ngakhale kuti ndi ogulitsa

Mapangidwe Kampani

• Munthu wochokera kudziko lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu akuyang'ana kukhazikitsa kampani yakomweko mwachangu
• Chisokonezo kapena kusafuna kukambirana zambiri za ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa
• Zopempha zothandizira kubisa umwini

Zochita Poyankha Mabendera Ofiira

Mabizinesi akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu pozindikira mbendera zofiira za AML:

Kulimbikira Kwambiri (EDD)

Sonkhanitsani zambiri za kasitomala, gwero la ndalama, mtundu wa zochitika ndi zina zambiri. Umboni wowonjezera wa ID ukhoza kuperekedwa ngakhale kuvomerezedwa koyamba.

Kuwunikiridwa ndi Compliance Officer

Woyang'anira kampani wa AML akuyenera kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndikusankha zoyenera kuchita.

Malipoti okayikitsa a Transaction Reports (STRs)

Ngati zochitika zikuwoneka zokayikitsa ngakhale EDD, perekani STR ku FIU mkati mwa masiku 30. Ma STR amafunikira mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wamalonda ngati kubera ndalama kumadziwa kapena kukukayikira. Zilango zimagwira ntchito kwa osapereka lipoti.

Zochita Zotengera Zowopsa

Njira monga kuwunika kopitilira muyeso, kuletsa zochita, kapena kusiya maubwenzi zitha kuganiziridwa malinga ndi zochitika zinazake. Komabe, kudziwitsa anthu za kusungitsa ma STR ndikoletsedwa mwalamulo.

Kufunika Kopitiriza Kuwunika

Pokhala ndi njira zopezera ndalama mwachinyengo ndi zigawenga, kuwunika kosalekeza ndi kukhala tcheru ndikofunikira.

Njira monga:

• Kuwunikanso ntchito zatsopano/zachiopsezo
• Kusintha magulu owopsa a kasitomala
• Kuwunika kwanthawi ndi nthawi kwa machitidwe okayikitsa owunikira zochitika
• Kusanthula zochita motsutsana ndi mbiri yamakasitomala
• Kufananiza zochita ndi anzawo kapena zoyambira zamakampani
• Kuyang'anira paokha pa mndandanda wa zilango ndi ma PEP

Thandizani kuzindikira mwachangu mbendera zofiira nkhani zisanachuluke.

Kutsiliza

Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro za zochitika zosavomerezeka ndizofunikira kwambiri Kutsata kwa AML ku UAE. Mbendera zofiira zokhudzana ndi machitidwe a makasitomala achilendo, machitidwe okayikitsa, makulidwe amalonda osagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza, ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zalembedwa apa ziyenera kufufuzidwanso.

Ngakhale kuti milandu yeniyeni imatsimikizira zochita zoyenera, kunyalanyaza nkhawa kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Kupatula zovuta zazachuma komanso mbiri, malamulo okhwima a AML a UAE amaikanso mlandu kwa anthu osamvera.

Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi aziwongolera moyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito akuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira ndikuyankha moyenera Zizindikiro za Red Flag mu AML.