United Arab Emirates (UAE) ndi mndandanda wochititsa chidwi wa miyambo ya zikhalidwe, zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, komanso mbiri yakale yolemera. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kuwunika kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa magulu azipembedzo omwe ali ndi mphamvu, machitidwe awo, komanso chikhalidwe chapadera chomwe chimaphatikiza zipembedzo zambiri mu UAE.
Ili mkati mwa Arabian Gulf, UAE ndi malo osungunuka azikhalidwe, pomwe miyambo yakale imakhala yogwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono. Kuchokera m’misikiti yodziwika bwino imene ili m’mwamba mpaka ku akachisi amphamvu Achihindu ndi matchalitchi achikristu, mmene dzikolo lilili mwauzimu ndi umboni wosonyeza kudzipereka kwake ku kulolerana ndi kumvetsetsa zipembedzo.
Pamene tikufufuza mutu wochititsa chidwiwu, tiwulula ulusi womwe umalumikiza chikhulupiriro ku UAE. Tifufuza za chikhalidwe cholemera cha Chisilamu, chipembedzo chachikulu cha dzikolo, ndi kukhudzidwa kwake kwakukulu pakudziwika kwa dziko. Kuphatikiza apo, tiwunikiranso madera osiyanasiyana omwe amatcha UAE kwawo, kukondwerera miyambo yawo yapadera, zikondwerero, ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe amatenga popanga chikhalidwe chophatikiza dziko.
Ndi zipembedzo ziti zomwe zimachitika ku UAE?
UAE ndi chitsanzo chowala cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipembedzo, pomwe zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zimakhalira limodzi. Ngakhale kuti Chisilamu ndicho chipembedzo chachikulu, chotsatiridwa ndi nzika zambiri za Emirati, dzikoli limalandira zikhulupiriro ndi zipembedzo zina zambiri. Islam, yokhala ndi tanthauzo lozama pachikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale, ili ndi malo otchuka ku UAE. Maonekedwe a dzikolo amakongoletsedwa ndi mizikiti yochititsa chidwi, yosonyeza kuchulukira kwa zomangamanga ndi kamangidwe kachisilamu. Kuchokera ku mzikiti wodziwika bwino wa Sheikh Zayed Grand ku Abu Dhabi mpaka ku mzikiti wochititsa chidwi wa Jumeirah ku Dubai, zodabwitsa zamamangidwezi zimakhala ngati malo opatulika auzimu ndi zizindikilo za cholowa cha Chisilamu.
Kupitilira Chisilamu, UAE ili ndi zipembedzo zambiri. Chihindu, Chibuddha, Christianityndipo zikhulupiliro zina zimachitidwa momasuka m’malire a dzikolo. Makachisi achihindu, monga akachisi a Shiva ndi Krishna ku Dubai, amapereka chitonthozo chauzimu kwa anthu ambiri aku India omwe amachokera kunja. Mipingo yachikhristu, kuphatikizapo St. Andrew's Church ku Abu Dhabi ndi United Christian Church ku Dubai, imakwaniritsa zosowa zachipembedzo za Akhristu okhalamo komanso alendo omwe.
Zojambula zachipembedzo izi zimalemeretsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma Sikh gurdwaras, nyumba za amonke achi Buddha, ndi malo ena opembedzera, kuwonetsa kudzipereka kosasunthika kwa UAE pakulolera ndi kuphatikizidwa kwachipembedzo. Zomwe boma likuchita pothandizira ntchito yomanga ndi kuyendetsa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyanazi zikusonyeza mmene dziko likupitira patsogolo pa nkhani ya ufulu wachipembedzo.
Ndi zipembedzo zingati zomwe zilipo ku UAE?
UAE ikuyimira ngati chowunikira chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipembedzo, kupereka kukumbatirana kolandirika kwa zikhulupiliro zambiri zochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Pomwe gawo lapitalo lidawunikiranso za zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika mdziko muno, gawoli lipereka chithunzithunzi chachidule cha zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo ku UAE.
Zipembedzo zomwe zilipo ku UAE zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
- Chisilamu (Sunni ndi Shia)
- Chikhristu (Chikatolika, Chiprotestanti, Eastern Orthodox, etc.)
- Chihindu
- Chibuddha
- Sikhism
- Chiyuda
- Baha'i Chikhulupiriro
- Zoroastrianism
- Druze Faith
Ngakhale kuti pali zipembedzo zambiri zomwe zikuimiridwa, gulu la UAE lakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo za kulemekezana, kumvetsetsana, ndi kukhalirana mwamtendere. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zipembedzo kumeneku sikumangowonjezera chikhalidwe cha dzikolo komanso kumapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwa mayiko ena kuti atsanzire.
Kodi kuchuluka kwa magulu azipembedzo ku UAE ndi chiyani?
| Religion | Chiwerengero cha Anthu |
|---|---|
| Chisilamu (Sunni ndi Shia) | 76% |
| Chikhristu (Chikatolika, Chiprotestanti, Eastern Orthodox, etc.) | 9% |
| Chihindu | 7% |
| Chibuddha | 3% |
| Zipembedzo Zina (Sikhism, Judaism, Baha'i Faith, Zoroastrianism, Druze Faith) | 5% |
Deta yomwe ili patebulo ili imachokera pazambiri zomwe zilipo panthawi yolemba. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zipembedzo kungasinthe pakapita nthawi, ndipo ziwerengero zomwe zatchulidwazi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zongoyerekeza osati ziwerengero zotsimikizika. Ndikoyenera kuloza manambalawa ndi magwero aposachedwa kwambiri kapena mabungwe odziwika bwino ofufuza kuti mudziwe zambiri zaposachedwa.
Kodi chipembedzo chimakhudza bwanji chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya UAE?
Chipembedzo chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakupanga miyambo ndi miyambo ya ku United Arab Emirates. Monga dziko lokhala ndi Asilamu ambiri, ziphunzitso ndi zikhulupiriro za Chisilamu zasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko la Emirati. Chikoka cha Chisilamu chikuwonekera m'mamangidwe a dzikolo, ndi mizikiti yodabwitsa yomwe ikukongoletsa malo amizinda monga Dubai ndi Abu Dhabi. Zodabwitsa za kamangidwe zimenezi sizimangokhala ngati malo olambirira komanso zikusonyeza kuti dzikolo lili ndi chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu komanso luso lake. Kuyitanira ku pemphero, kumveka kuchokera ku minaret kasanu patsiku, kumakhala chikumbutso cha miyambo yozama yauzimu ya dziko.
Mfundo zachisilamu zimatsogoleranso miyambo yambiri ya chikhalidwe cha UAE ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mfundo zonga ngati kuchereza alendo, kudzichepetsa, ndi kulemekeza akulu n’zozika mizu kwambiri m’moyo wa ku Emirati. M'mwezi wopatulika wa Ramadan, dzikolo limalandira mzimu wosinkhasinkha, mabanja ndi madera akubwera pamodzi kudzasala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kukondwerera kusala kudya (Iftar) madzulo aliwonse. Ngakhale Chisilamu chili ndi chikoka chachikulu, chikhalidwe cholemera cha UAE chimalukidwanso ndi ulusi wochokera ku zipembedzo zina. Zikondwerero zachihindu monga Diwali ndi Holi zimakondweretsedwa ndi chisangalalo chachikulu, makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi midzi yambiri ya ku India. Mitundu yowoneka bwino, zovala zachikhalidwe, komanso zakudya zabwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikondwererozi zimawonjezera kusiyanasiyana kwachikhalidwe cha UAE.
Magulu achikhristu ku UAE amakumbukira zochitika ngati Khrisimasi ndi Isitala, nthawi zambiri amakonza zikondwerero ndi misonkhano yomwe imawonetsa miyambo yawo yachipembedzo. Momwemonso, akachisi achi Buddha ndi nyumba za amonke zimagwira ntchito ngati malo ochitira zinthu zauzimu ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe, kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu achibuda. Kudzipereka kwa UAE pakulolerana ndi kuphatikizika kwa zipembedzo kwapangitsa malo omwe zikhulupiliro zosiyanasiyana zitha kukhalira limodzi, chilichonse chimathandizira zikhalidwe zake zapadera pakujambula kwamitundu yonse. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku sikumangowonjezera chikhalidwe cha dziko komanso kumalimbikitsa kumvetsetsa ndi kuyamikiridwa pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana.
Kodi malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi chipembedzo ku UAE ndi ati?
United Arab Emirates ndi dziko limene limayamikira kulolerana kwa zipembedzo komanso ufulu wopembedza. Komabe, pali malamulo ndi malamulo ena amene akhazikitsidwa kuti asunge mgwirizano wa anthu ndi kulemekeza miyambo ndi miyambo ya dziko. Chisilamu ndi chipembedzo chovomerezeka cha UAE, ndipo malamulo adzikolo amachokera ku Sharia (malamulo achisilamu). Ngakhale osakhala Asilamu ali ndi ufulu wotsatira zikhulupiriro zawo, pali zoletsa ndi malangizo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa.
- Kutembenuza Anthu: Anthu osakhala Asilamu amaletsedwa kutembenuza anthu kapena kuyesa kutembenuza Asilamu kukhala chipembedzo china. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimayendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuti anthu azikhala okhazikika.
- Malo Olambirira: Boma la UAE limathandizira ntchito yomanga ndikugwira ntchito za malo olambirira omwe si achisilamu, monga matchalitchi, akachisi, ndi nyumba za amonke. Komabe, mabungwewa ayenera kupeza zilolezo zofunika ndikutsatira malamulo oyenera.
- Mabuku ndi Zinthu Zachipembedzo: Kutumiza ndi kugawa mabuku ndi zinthu zachipembedzo kuchokera kumayiko ena kuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu oyenerera. Zinthu zowonedwa ngati zokhumudwitsa kapena zolimbikitsa tsankho lachipembedzo zitha kuletsedwa.
- Malamulo a Kavalidwe: Ngakhale kuti palibe malamulo okhwima a kavalidwe kwa anthu omwe si Asilamu, zimayembekezereka kuti anthu azivala mwaulemu ndi kulemekeza chikhalidwe chawo, makamaka pazochitika zachipembedzo kapena pazochitika zachipembedzo.
- Mowa ndi Nkhumba: Kumwa mowa ndi nkhumba ndikololedwa kwa anthu omwe si Asilamu m'malo osankhidwa ndi malo ovomerezeka. Komabe, m'mwezi wopatulika wa Ramadan, malamulo okhwima atha kugwira ntchito.
- Makhalidwe Pagulu: Anthu akuyenera kulemekeza zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo za UAE. Zisonyezero zapoyera za chikondi, khalidwe losokoneza, kapena zochita zomwe zingawoneke ngati zonyansa ku zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo sizimalimbikitsidwa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti malamulo ndi malamulo a UAE okhudza chipembedzo ndi cholinga chosunga mgwirizano ndi kulemekeza zipembedzo zonse. Kusatsatiridwa ndi malamulowa kungayambitse zilango kapena zotsatira zalamulo. Boma limalimbikitsa kukambirana komanso kumvetsetsana pakati pa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, kulimbikitsa anthu azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana kuti azitha kukhalira limodzi mwamtendere komanso kuti athandizire kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha dziko.
Kodi UAE imapereka ufulu wachipembedzo kwa okhalamo?
Inde, United Arab Emirates imapereka ufulu wachipembedzo kwa okhalamo ndi alendo. Ngakhale Chisilamu ndi chipembedzo chovomerezeka, Constitution ya UAE imayika ufulu wopembedza komanso kuchita miyambo yachipembedzo motsatira miyambo yokhazikitsidwa. Boma limathandizira pantchito yomanga ndi kugwira ntchito za malo olambirira omwe si achisilamu, monga matchalitchi, akachisi, ndi nyumba za amonke, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana azitsatira zikhulupiriro zawo momasuka.
Komabe, malamulo ena akhazikitsidwa kuti asungitse chigwirizano cha anthu ndi kulemekeza miyambo ya chikhalidwe, monga zoletsa kutembenuza ndi kugaŵira zinthu zachipembedzo popanda chilolezo choyenera. Ponseponse, UAE imatsatira njira yololera ku zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, kulimbikitsa malo okhala mwamtendere komanso kulemekeza kusiyanasiyana kwazipembedzo m'malire ake.
Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa chilankhulo ndi chipembedzo ku UAE?
Ku United Arab Emirates, zilankhulo ndi zipembedzo zimagwirizana kwambiri, zomwe zimazikidwa pa chikhalidwe cha dzikolo. Chiarabu, chomwe ndi chilankhulo cha Korani komanso chilankhulo chomwe chimalankhulidwa ndi Asilamu, chili ndi malo ofunikira pazipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikolo. Chilankhulo cha Chiarabu si njira yokhayo yolankhulirana ndi Emiratis ambiri komanso chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muulaliki wachipembedzo, mapemphero, ndi miyambo mkati mwa chikhulupiriro cha Chisilamu. Misikiti ndi mabungwe achisilamu kudera lonse la UAE amachita ntchito zawo ndi ziphunzitso zawo makamaka mu Chiarabu, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa chilankhulo ndi chipembedzo.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu ku UAE kumatanthauza kuti zilankhulo zina zimalankhulidwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, akachisi achihindu amatha kuchita miyambo ndi nkhani m'zilankhulo monga Chihindi, Chimalayalam, kapena Chitamil, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zokonda za madera awo. Mofananamo, mipingo yachikristu imapereka mautumiki m’zinenero monga Chingelezi, Tagalog, ndi zinenero zina zosiyanasiyana zolankhulidwa ndi mipingo yawo. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zilankhulo m'zipembedzo kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa UAE pakuphatikiza ndi kulemekeza zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Boma likuyesetsa kulimbikitsa chilankhulo cha Chiarabu ngati chilankhulo chovomerezeka komanso kuzindikira kufunika kwa zilankhulo zina pazipembedzo zikuwonetsa momwe dziko limayendera poteteza chikhalidwe chawo komanso kuvomereza mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
