United Arab Emirates (UAE) ndi dziko laling'ono, koma lomwe lili ndi cholowa chambiri chomwe chinayambira zaka masauzande ambiri. Ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Arabia Peninsula, bungwe ili la ma emirates asanu ndi awiri - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah ndi Fujairah - lasintha kwazaka zambiri kuchokera kuchipululu chocheperako komwe kumakhala mafuko a Bedouin oyendayenda kupita kudziko lina. gulu lamphamvu, logwirizana padziko lonse lapansi komanso chuma champhamvu.
Kodi Mbiri ya United Arab Emirates ndi chiyani
Dera lomwe tsopano tikudziwa kuti UAE lakhala njira yolumikizira Africa, Asia ndi Europe kwazaka masauzande ambiri, ndi umboni wofukula zakale wosonyeza kukhazikika kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi ya Stone Age. Kalekale, anthu otukuka osiyanasiyana ankalamulira derali panthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Ababulo, Aperisi, Apwitikizi ndi A British. Komabe, kunali kupezeka kwa mafuta m’ma 1950 kumene kunadzetsadi nyengo yatsopano ya chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha emirates.
Kodi UAE idapeza liti ufulu wodzilamulira?
Atalandira ufulu kuchokera ku Britain mu 1971, UAE idasintha mwachangu motsogozedwa ndi wolamulira wake, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. M'zaka zochepa chabe, mizinda ngati Abu Dhabi ndi Dubai inasintha kuchoka kumidzi yausodzi kukhala mizinda yamakono komanso yaitali. Komabe atsogoleri a Emirates agwiranso ntchito molimbika kuti asunge chikhalidwe chawo cholemera cha Chiarabu komanso miyambo yawo motsatira kukula kwachuma kumeneku. Masiku ano, United Arab Emirates ndi malo ochitira bizinesi, malonda, zokopa alendo komanso zatsopano. Komabe, mbiri yake imasonyeza nkhani yochititsa chidwi ya kulimba mtima, masomphenya, ndi luntha laumunthu kugonjetsa zovuta za malo ovuta a chipululu kuti apange umodzi mwa mayiko amphamvu kwambiri ku Middle East.
Kodi UAE ili ndi zaka zingati ngati dziko?
United Arab Emirates (UAE) ndi dziko laling'ono, litalandira ufulu kuchokera ku Britain ndipo lidakhazikitsidwa ngati dziko pa Disembala 2, 1971.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za zaka ndi mapangidwe a UAE:
- Zisanafike 1971, gawo lomwe tsopano lili ndi UAE limadziwika kuti Trucial States, gulu la ma sheikhdom omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Persian Gulf omwe anali otetezedwa ndi Britain kuyambira zaka za zana la 19.
- Pa Disembala 2, 1971, asanu ndi mmodzi mwa mayiko asanu ndi awiri - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, ndi Fujairah - adalumikizana kuti apange United Arab Emirates.
- Wachisanu ndi chiwiri, Ras Al Khaimah, adalowa nawo bungwe la UAE mu February 1972, ndikumaliza ma emirates asanu ndi awiri omwe amapanga UAE yamakono.
- Chifukwa chake, UAE idakondwerera chaka chake cha 50 ngati dziko logwirizana pa Disembala 2, 2021, zomwe zikuwonetsa zaka theka kuchokera pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1971.
- Asanagwirizane mu 1971, ma emirates anali ndi mbiri yakale zaka mazana ambiri, mabanja a Al Nahyan ndi Al Maktoum akulamulira Abu Dhabi ndi Dubai motsatana kuyambira zaka za zana la 18.
Kodi UAE inali bwanji isanapangidwe mu 1971?
Asanagwirizane mu 1971, dera lomwe tsopano ndi United Arab Emirates linali ndi ma sheikhdom asanu ndi awiri osiyana omwe amadziwika kuti Trucial States.
Ma sheikhdoms amenewa analipo kwa zaka mazana ambiri pansi pa ulamuliro wosinthika ndi maulamuliro osiyanasiyana achifumu monga Chipwitikizi, Dutch, ndi British. Ankapeza ndalama zogulira ngale, usodzi, kuweta anthu osamukasamuka, ndi malonda ena apanyanja.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za dera la 1971 UAE lisanachitike:
- Derali linali ndi anthu ochepa a mafuko a Bedouin oyendayenda komanso midzi yaing'ono ya nsomba / ngale m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa ya m'chipululu, m'kati mwake munalibe malo okhalamo okhazikika kapena ulimi kupitirira mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Chuma chinali chokhazikika pa ntchito zopezera ndalama monga kudulira ngale, usodzi, kuweta, ndi malonda oyambira.
- Emirate iliyonse inali ufumu weniweni wolamulidwa ndi sheikh wochokera m'mabanja odziwika bwino a m'madera.
- Panali zochepa zamakono zamakono kapena chitukuko chomwe chinalipo kale mafuta asanayambe kutumiza kunja kwa 1960s.
- Abu Dhabi ndi Dubai anali matauni ocheperako poyerekeza ndi kutchuka kwawo ngati mizinda.
- A Britain adasungabe chitetezo chankhondo ndikuwongolera ndale pazochitika zakunja za Trucial States.
Chifukwa chake, 1971 UAE isanachitike inali gulu losiyana kwambiri la ma sheikhdom omwe anali osatukuka dziko lamakono lisanakhazikitsidwe komanso kusintha kwakukulu koyendetsedwa ndi chuma chamafuta pambuyo pa ma 1960s.
Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zidachitika kale ku UAE?
Nazi zina mwazovuta zomwe UAE idakumana nayo m'mbuyomu isanakhazikitsidwe komanso pakupangidwa kwake:
Zachilengedwe Zowopsa
- UAE ili m'malo ouma kwambiri m'chipululu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupulumuka ndi chitukuko zikhale zovuta kwambiri masiku ano.
- Kusoŵa kwa madzi, kusowa kwa nthaka yolimidwa, ndi kutentha kotentha kunabweretsa mavuto osalekeza pa malo okhala anthu ndi ntchito zachuma.
Chuma cha Subsistence
- Mafuta a mafuta asanayambe kutumizidwa kunja, derali linali ndi chuma chokhazikika chifukwa cha kudumphira pansi pa ngale, usodzi, kuweta anthu oyendayenda, ndi malonda ochepa.
- Panali makampani ochepa, zomangamanga kapena chitukuko chamakono chachuma mpaka ndalama zamafuta zidalola kusintha kofulumira kuyambira m'ma 1960.
Magawano Amitundu
- Ma 7 emirates amalamuliridwa kale ngati ma sheikhdom osiyana ndi magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mabanja olamulira.
- Kugwirizanitsa mitundu yosiyana imeneyi kukhala mtundu wogwirizana kunapereka zopinga zandale ndi zachikhalidwe zimene zinayenera kuthetsedwa.
Chikoka cha Britain
- Monga Maiko Owona, ma emirates anali pansi pa chitetezo ndi chikoka cha Britain chisanakhale pa ufulu mu 1971.
- Kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wathunthu ndikuwongolera kuchoka kwa asitikali aku Britain ndi alangizi kunali kovuta kwanthawi yayitali.
Kupanga National Identity
- Kulimbikitsa chizindikiritso cha dziko la Emirati komanso kukhala nzika komanso kulemekeza miyambo ya ma emirates 7 osiyanasiyana kumafunikira kupanga mfundo mosamala.
- Kukulitsa kukonda dziko la UAE chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwa mafuko / zigawo chinali chopinga choyambirira.
Kodi ndi zochitika zazikulu ziti m'mbiri ya UAE?
| 1758 | Banja la Al Nahyan limathamangitsa magulu ankhondo aku Perisiya ndikukhazikitsa ulamuliro kudera la Abu Dhabi, kuyamba ulamuliro wawo. |
| 1833 | The Perpetual Maritime Truce imabweretsa mayiko a Trucial pansi pa chitetezo ndi chikoka cha Britain. |
| 1930 | Zosungirako zoyamba zamafuta zimapezeka ku Trucial States, zomwe zimabweretsa chuma chamtsogolo. |
| 1962 | Kutumiza kwamafuta osakanizidwa kumayamba kuchokera ku Abu Dhabi, kubweretsa kusintha kwachuma. |
| 1968 | A British akulengeza kuti akufuna kuthetsa mgwirizano wawo ndi Trucial States. |
| December 2, 1971 | Maemirates asanu ndi limodzi (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah) agwirizana kuti apange United Arab Emirates. |
| February 1972 | Wachisanu ndi chiwiri emirate wa Ras Al Khaimah alowa nawo bungwe la UAE. |
| 1973 | UAE ilowa nawo OPEC ndipo ikuwona kuchuluka kwa ndalama zamafuta pambuyo pavuto lamafuta. |
| 1981 | Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa UAE Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum ayambitsa njira yosinthira chuma kupitilira mafuta. |
| 2004 | UAE ili ndi zisankho zake zoyambirira zosankhidwa pang'ono ndi mabungwe alangizi. |
| 2020 | UAE ikuyambitsa ntchito yake yoyamba ku Mars, Hope orbiter, kulimbitsa zolinga zake zamlengalenga. |
| 2021 | UAE imakondwerera chaka cha 50 cha kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndikulengeza mapulani 50 otsatira azachuma. |
Zochitika izi zikuwonetsa komwe dera la Trucial lidachokera, chikoka cha Britain, zochitika zazikuluzikulu za mgwirizano ndi chitukuko cha UAE mothandizidwa ndi mafuta, komanso kuyesetsa kwake kwaposachedwa komanso kupindula kwa malo.
Kodi anthu ofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya UAE anali ndani?
- Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan - Bambo woyambitsa wamkulu yemwe adakhala Purezidenti woyamba wa UAE mu 1971 atalamulira kale Abu Dhabi kuyambira 1966.
- Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum - Wolamulira wamphamvu wa Dubai yemwe poyamba ankatsutsa mgwirizano wa UAE koma kenako adalowa ngati Vice Prezidenti ku 1971. Anathandizira kusintha Dubai kukhala malo akuluakulu a bizinesi.
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan - Purezidenti wapano, adalowa m'malo mwa abambo ake a Sheikh Zayed mu 2004 ndipo apitilizabe mfundo zachitukuko komanso zachuma.
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum - Prime Minister wapano, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti ndi wolamulira wa Dubai, amayang'anira kukula kwamphamvu kwa Dubai ngati mzinda wapadziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2000s.
- Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi - Wolamulira wanthawi yayitali kwambiri, adalamulira Ras Al Khaimah kwa zaka zopitilira 60 mpaka 2010 ndikutsutsa chikoka cha Britain.
Kodi mafuta adagwira ntchito yotani pakupanga mbiri ya UAE?
- Mafuta asanatulukidwe, derali linali losatukuka kwambiri, ndipo chuma chake chinali chokhazikika chifukwa cha nsomba, ngale ndi malonda ofunikira.
- M'zaka za m'ma 1950-60s, ma depositi akuluakulu a mafuta akunyanja anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kupereka chuma chambiri chomwe chimapereka ndalama zothandizira zomangamanga, chitukuko ndi ntchito zothandizira anthu.
- Ndalama zamafuta zidapangitsa kuti UAE isinthe mwachangu itatha kupeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, kusintha kuchoka kumadzi osauka kupita kudziko lolemera pazaka makumi angapo.
- Komabe, utsogoleri wa UAE udazindikiranso kuti mafuta ali ndi malire ndipo agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosinthira chuma kukhala zokopa alendo, ndege, malo ndi ntchito.
- Ngakhale kuti sikudaliranso mafuta okha, kutukuka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutumiza kwa hydrocarbon kunali kothandizira zomwe zidapangitsa kuti UAE ipite patsogolo komanso kukwera kwachuma.
Chifukwa chake chuma chamafuta chinali chomwe chidasintha kwambiri masewera omwe adachotsa ma emirates ku umphawi ndikulola kuti masomphenya a omwe adayambitsa UAE adziwike mwachangu pambuyo pa 1971.
Kodi UAE yasintha bwanji pakapita nthawi malinga ndi chikhalidwe, chuma, komanso chikhalidwe chake?
Mwachikhalidwe, UAE yasunga cholowa chake cha Chiarabu ndi Chisilamu pomwe ikuphatikizanso zamakono. Mfundo zachikhalidwe monga kuchereza alendo zimayendera limodzi ndi kumasuka ku zikhalidwe zina. Pazachuma, idasintha kuchoka pachuma chokhazikika kupita ku malo azamalonda ndi zokopa alendo omwe amayendetsedwa ndi chuma chamafuta ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamakhalidwe, mafuko ndi mabanja okulirapo amakhalabe ofunikira koma anthu akuchulukirachulukira m'matauni chifukwa obwera kumayiko ena akuchulukirachulukira.
Kodi mbiri ya UAE yakhudza bwanji momwe zilili pano?
Mbiri ya UAE ngati gawo lachipululu motsogozedwa ndi Britain idapanga mabungwe ake akale komanso kudziwika kwake. Boma la feduro limalinganiza kudzilamulira komwe kumafunidwa ndi ma sheikhdom 7 akale. Mabanja olamulira amakhalabe ndi ulamuliro pandale pomwe akutsogolera chitukuko cha zachuma. Kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chamafuta kuti mupange chuma chamitundu yosiyanasiyana kukuwonetsa maphunziro kuchokera pakutsika kwamakampani opanga ngale.
Kodi ndi malo ati akale omwe mungayendere ku UAE?
Al Fahidi Historical Neighborhood (Dubai) - Malo achitetezo okonzedwansowa akuwonetsa zomanga zachikhalidwe ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale pa cholowa cha Emirati. Qasr Al Hosn (Abu Dhabi) - Nyumba yakale kwambiri yamwala ku Abu Dhabi kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1700, yomwe kale inali kwawo kwa banja lolamulira. Mleiha Archaeological Site (Sharjah) - Zotsalira za anthu akale okhala ndi manda ndi zinthu zakale zaka 7,000. Fujairah Fort (Fujairah) - Linga lobwezeretsedwa lomangidwa ndi Chipwitikizi kuchokera ku 1670 lomwe limayang'ana madera akale kwambiri amzindawu.
