Who Actually Handles Criminal Cases in the UAE? Here’s the Simple Breakdown
Most people assume the police do everything. They don’t. In the UAE, the police investigate, and the Public Prosecution prosecutes. Two different roles. One tight system.
The Big Picture
When a crime is reported, the police move first. They take statements, gather evidence, and can act under directions from the Public Prosecution. Their early work sets the entire case up.
Then the Public Prosecution steps in. It’s an independent judicial body that decides whether to charge, what to charge, and whether the case goes to court. Prosecutors can investigate further, interrogate suspects, file charges, and argue the case in court.
There are also specialized authorities who can collect evidence in certain matters, like customs or immigration cases. Oversight flows from the Attorney General down to line prosecutors to protect public rights and keep the process lawful.
What I See In Practice
I’ve seen cases rise or fall on the first 48 hours. Why? Because once the police send the file across, prosecutors must question the accused quickly and then decide whether to arrest or release. That speed shapes everything that follows.
The Case Flow, Step by Step
- Report and Investigation
Police receive the complaint, collect evidence, interview witnesses, and, if needed, coordinate forensic work. - Referral to Public Prosecution
After the police finish the initial file, it is referred to the Public Prosecution for a charging decision. - Prosecutor Review and Actions
Prosecutors review evidence, summon parties separately, record statements, and can request more analysis before deciding the next move. - Charging Decision
If evidence is sufficient, a formal charge sheet is issued and the case goes to the competent criminal court. If not, the file can be dismissed or archived. - Alternatives for Minor Offences
For misdemeanors, prosecutors may issue penal orders like fines instead of taking the case to trial. - Trial
In court, prosecutors present evidence, examine witnesses, and seek penalties. The court then adjudicates. - After Judgment
Public Prosecution oversees sentence enforcement and may file or respond to appeals.
All of this runs under the UAE Criminal Procedures Law to ensure the process is fair and timely.
Quick Timeline You Can Expect
- Crime reported → police start the file.
- Police refer the case → Public Prosecution reviews.
- If charges are filed → the courts take over and decide.
How to Position Yourself if You’re Involved
Honestly, the system is structured, but you still need to be proactive. Here’s what I tell clients:
- Document early. Preserve messages, emails, and photos. Early evidence matters most to the first review.
- Be ready for fast timelines. Expect questioning within tight windows after referral.
- Understand your lane. Police investigate. Prosecutors decide and prosecute. Knowing who does what helps you respond correctly.
You don’t control the process, but you can control your preparation. Build your evidence, know the sequence, and act fast when your matter reaches the Public Prosecution.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. The author assumes no responsibility or liability for actions taken based on its contents. For advice on your specific situation, consult a qualified lawyer.
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