Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nohlaselo luphathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho olumandundu phantsi komthetho we-UAE. I-UAE Penal Code yenza zonke iintlobo zohlaselo ngokwesondo zibe lulwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka udlwengulo, uhlaselo ngokwesondo, ukuxhaphaza ngokwesondo, kunye nokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo. Inqaku lama-354 lithintela ngokukodwa uhlaselo oluziintloni kwaye liluchaza ngokubanzi ukuba lubandakanye nasiphi na isenzo esaphula isidima somntu ngezenzo zesondo okanye zamanyala. Ngelixa iintlobano zesini ngemvumelwano ngaphandle komtshato azikho semthethweni ngokucacileyo phantsi kweKhowudi yePenal, zinokuwela phantsi kwemithetho yokukrexeza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomtshato yabo babandakanyekayo. Izohlwayo zezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo zisusela ekuvalelweni kunye nezohlwayo ukuya kwisohlwayo esiqatha njengokukatswa, nangona isohlwayo sokufa singafane sisetyenziswe kula matyala. I-UAE ithathe amanyathelo kule minyaka yakutsha nje ukomeleza imithetho ekhusela amaxhoba kunye nokwandisa izohlwayo kubenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo.
Yintoni eyenza ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo phantsi kwemithetho ye-UAE?
Phantsi komthetho we-UAE, i-Sexual Harassment ichazwa ngokubanzi ukugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezingafunekiyo zomlomo, ezingathethwayo, okanye zokuziphatha ngokwesondo. I-UAE Penal Code ayiboneleli ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezenzo ezibandakanya ukuhlukumeza ngokwesondo, kodwa iyasilela nasiphi na isenzo esaphula isidima somntu ngokuziphatha ngokwesondo okanye izenzo ezingcolileyo.
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kusenokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ukuphathaphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukuthumela imiyalezo okanye imifanekiso engcolileyo, ukwenza amanyala angafunwayo okanye izicelo zokuncwasa, nokwenza enye ihambo engathandekiyo yesini eyenza imekobume eyoyikisayo, yobutshaba okanye ekhubekisayo. Umba ophambili kukuba ukuziphatha akufunwa kwaye kuyakhubekisa kumamkeli.
Omabini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini banokuba ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo phantsi komthetho we-UAE. Umthetho ukwabandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya indawo yokusebenza, amaziko emfundo, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye ne-intanethi okanye ngonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki. Abaqeshi kunye nemibutho banoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela nokujongana nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.
Yeyiphi imithetho yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo?
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizenzo zomzimba ukuya ekuziphatheni kakubi ngamazwi ukuya kwi-intanethi / ye-elektroniki. I-UAE inemithetho ethile ejongana kunye neyohlwaya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha okuhlukumeza ngokwesondo. Nantsi isishwankathelo semithetho efanelekileyo kunye nezohlwayo:
| Uhlobo lokuNgcungcuthekisa ngokwesondo | Umthetho ofanelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (ukubamba ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukuphuthaphutha, njl.njl.) | Federal Decree-Law No. 6 ka-2021 |
| Ukungcungcuthekiswa ngamazwi/okungekho ngokwasemzimbeni (izimvo ezingcolileyo, ukuqhubela phambili, izicelo, ukunyathela) | Federal Decree-Law No. 6 ka-2021 |
| I-Intanethi/I-Electronic Harassment (ukuthumela imiyalezo ecacileyo, imifanekiso, njl.njl.) | Inqaku lama-21 loMthetho woLwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Intanethi |
| Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini | Inqaku lama-359, uMthetho woMsebenzi we-UAE |
| I-Sexual Harassment kumaZiko eMfundo | Imigaqo-nkqubo yoMphathiswa weMfundo |
| I-Public Harassment ngokwesondo (izijekulo ezingcolileyo, ukutyhileka, njl.njl.) | Inqaku lama-358 (Izenzo ezilihlazo) |
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile, i-UAE inesakhelo somthetho esibanzi esikhoyo sokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokohlwaya zonke iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Bobabini abantu kunye nemibutho banokuthwaliswa uxanduva lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo phantsi komthetho we-UAE. Abaqeshi namaziko nawo anokuba nemigaqo-nkqubo yawo yangaphakathi kunye namanyathelo oluleko
Zeziphi iZohlwayo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwi-UAE?
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngokwasenyameni
- Ukungcungcuthekiswa ngamazwi/ngeNjongo
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi/nge-elektroniki
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini
- Iziko lemfundo leSexual Harassment
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo esidlangalaleni
Amaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo angenza njani ukuba afake ingxelo e-UAE?
- Funa ingqwalasela yezonyango (ukuba iyafuneka)
- Hlanganisa ubungqina
- Ingxelo kwabasemaGunyeni
- Qhagamshelana neeNkonzo zeNkxaso
- Ingxelo kuMqeshi (ukuba uxhatshazwa emsebenzini)
- Landela Inkqubela Yetyala
Ngokulandela la manyathelo, amaxhoba e-UAE anokubika ngokusesikweni izehlo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwaye afikelele kunyango olusemthethweni kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso.
Yintoni uMahluko phakathi kwe-Sexual Harassment kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo?
| Criteria | Ukuhlukunyezwa ngesondo | Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo |
|---|---|---|
| inkcazelo | Ukuziphatha okungafunwayo kwamazwi, okungathethiyo, okanye okuphathekayo kwezesondo ezidala ubutshaba. | Nasiphi na isenzo sesondo okanye ukuziphatha okwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yexhoba, okubandakanya ukudibana ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukwaphulwa. |
| Iintlobo zeZenzo | Izimvo ezingafanelekanga, izijekulo, izicelo zobubele, ukuthumela umxholo ocacileyo, ukuphathaphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga. | Ukuphuthaphutha, ukumbambazela, ukudlwengula, ukuzama ukudlwengula, izenzo zokwabelana ngesondo ngenkani. |
| Ukunxibelelana noMzimba | Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibandakanyeke, inokuba yimpatho-mbi ngamazwi/engezizo ngokwasemzimbeni. | Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukwaphulwa kubandakanyeka. |
| imvume | Ukuziphatha akufunwa kwaye kuyakhubekisa kwixhoba, akukho mvume. | Ukunqongophala kwemvume kwixhoba. |
| Ubonelelo loMthetho | Kuthintelwe phantsi kwemithetho ye-UAE efana neKhowudi yePenal, uMthetho waBasebenzi, uMthetho woLwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Cyber. | Ulwaphulo-mthetho njengohlaselo ngokwesondo/udlwengulo phantsi kweKhowudi yePenal ye-UAE. |
| Izigwebo | Izohlwayo, ukuvalelwa entolongweni, ukuthathelwa amanyathelo oluleko kuxhomekeke kubungqongqo. | Izohlwayo eziqatha eziquka ukuvalelwa ixesha elide entolongweni. |
Umahluko ophambili kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kugubungela uluhlu lweendlela zokuziphatha ezingafunekiyo ezidala imeko-bume enobutshaba, ngelixa uhlaselo ngokwesondo lubandakanya izenzo zesondo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukunxibelelana ngaphandle kwemvume. Zombini azikho mthethweni phantsi kwemithetho ye-UAE kodwa ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kuthathwa njengetyala eliqatha.
Yeyiphi imithetho yohlaselo ngokwesondo kwi-UAE?
I-UAE Federal Law No. 3 ye-1987 (i-Penal Code) ichaza ngokucacileyo kwaye yenza ubugebengu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. Inqaku lama-354 liyakwalela uhlaselo olungafanelekanga, olubandakanya nasiphi na isenzo esaphula isidima somntu ngezenzo zesondo okanye ezingcolileyo, kubandakanywa nokubambana ngokomzimba okungafunwayo ngokwesini. Inqaku lama-355 lithetha ngolwaphulo-mthetho lokudlwengula, oluchazwa njengokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwemvumelwano nomnye umntu ngobundlobongela, ukoyikisa, okanye inkohliso. Oku kusebenza kungakhathaliseki isini okanye isimo somtshato.
Inqaku lama-356 liyakwalela ezinye izenzo zesondo ezinyanzeliswayo ezifana nesodomi, ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, okanye ukusebenzisa izinto zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo xa zenziwe ngobundlobongela, izoyikiso, okanye inkohliso. ISiqendu sama-357 sikwenza kube lulwaphulo-mthetho ukuhenda okanye ukuhenda abantwana ngenjongo yokwenza izenzo eziziintloni. Izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho lokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo phantsi kweKhowudi yezoHlulo zibandakanya ukuvalelwa kunye nezohlwayo, kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nolwaphulo-mthetho oluthile, ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela / izoyikiso, kwaye ukuba ixhoba lisemncinci. Kwezinye iimeko, ukugxothwa kusenokuba sisohlwayo kubaphuli-mthetho abavela kumazwe angaphandle.
I-UAE ithatha isimo esingqongqo somthetho ngokuchasene nazo zonke iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo, ejolise ekukhuseleni amaxhoba ngelixa iqinisekisa iziphumo ezingqongqo kubenzi bobubi ngesi sikhokelo somthetho esichazwe kwiKhowudi yezoHlulo.
Umthetho we-UAE uzihlela njani iindidi ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo ngokwesondo?
I-UAE Penal Code ihlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo ngokwesondo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
| Uhlobo lohlaselo ngokwesondo | Inkcazo yezomthetho |
|---|---|
| Uhlaselo olungenazintloni | Nasiphi na isenzo sokwaphula isidima somntu ngezenzo zesondo okanye ezingcolileyo, kubandakanywa ukwabelana ngokomzimba okungafunwayo ngokwesini. |
| Ukudlwengula | Ukwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwemvumelwano nomnye umntu ngobundlobongela, isoyikiso, okanye inkohliso. |
| Izenzo Zokwabelana Ngesondo Ngenkani | I-Sodomy, ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, okanye ukusebenzisa izinto zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ezenziwa ngobundlobongela, isoyikiso, okanye inkohliso. |
| Uhlaselo ngokwesondo kwaBantwana | Ukuhenda okanye ukuhenda abantwana ngenjongo yokwenza izenzo ezingcolileyo. |
| Uhlaselo Lwesondo Olumanyumnyezi | Uhlaselo ngokwesondo olubandakanya imiba eyongezelelweyo efana nokwenzakala emzimbeni, abenzi bobubi abaninzi, okanye ezinye iimeko ezimandundu. |
Ukwahlulahlula kusekelwe kubume obuthile besenzo sesondo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla / isongelo / inkohliso, iminyaka yexhoba (elincinci okanye elidala), kunye naziphi na izinto eziphazamisayo. Izohlwayo ziyohluka ngokohlobo lohlaselo ngokwesondo, kunye nezenzo eziqatha ezifana nokudlwengulwa kunye nokubetha abantwana ezitsala izohlwayo eziqatha phantsi komthetho.
Zeziphi isohlwayo sohlaselo ngokwesondo e-UAE?
Izohlwayo zokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo kwi-UAE ziyahluka ngokusekwe kuhlobo okanye uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokokwahlulwa kweKhowudi yePenal. Nazi izohlwayo eziphambili ezidwelisiweyo:
- Uhlaselo olungenasidima (Inqaku lama-354)
- Ukuvalelwa
- isohlwayo
- Udlwengulo (Inqaku 355)
- Ukuvalelwa entolongweni okwethutyana ukuya kwisigwebo sobomi bonke
- Izohlwayo eziqatha kwizinto eziyandisayo ezifana nokudlwengulwa komntwana, udlwengulo emtshatweni, ukudlwengulwa kwemigewu njl.njl.
- Izenzo zokwabelana ngesondo ezinyanzelwayo njengeSodomy, ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo (Inqaku 356)
- Ukuvalelwa
- Izohlwayo ezinokuthi zibe qatha xa zithe zenziwa kumntu omncinci
- Uhlaselo ngokwesondo kuBantwana (Inqaku lama-357)
- Izigwebo zokuvalelwa
- Izohlwayo ezinokuthi zibephezulu ezisekelwe kwiinkcukacha zetyala
- Uhlaselo Lwesondo Olumanyumnyezi
- Izohlwayo ezongeziweyo njengexesha elide lokuvalelwa entolongweni
- Izinto ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina, njl.njl. kunokusenza sibe mandundu isohlwayo
Ngokubanzi, izohlwayo ziquka ukuvalelwa entolongweni ukusuka kwixeshana ukuya ebomini, kunye nezohlwayo ezinokubakho. Ubukhali bonyuka kumatyala amabi kakhulu, ulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe ebantwaneni, kunye namatyala abandakanya iimeko ezimandundu njengoko ahlelwa phantsi kwamanqaku eKhowudi yePenal.
Ngawaphi amalungelo abantu abatyholwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo kwi-UAE?
Abantu abatyholwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo kwi-UAE banamalungelo athile asemthethweni kunye nokhuseleko phantsi komthetho. Ezi ziquka:
Ilungelo lokuxoxwa kwetyala ngobulungisa kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Nabani na otyholwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo okanye ukubetha unelungelo lokuchotshelwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokungakhethi cala, kunye nethuba lokuzithethelela kunye nokunika ubungqina. Banelungelo lokumelwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye bathathwe njengabamsulwa de bafunyanwe benetyala ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo anengqiqo. Ilungelo lokuzibeka ityala. Abantu abatyholwayo abanakunyanzelwa ukuba banikele ubungqina ngokuchasene nabo okanye bavume ityala. Naziphi na iinkcazo ezenziwe phantsi kokunyanzeliswa okanye ukunyanzeliswa azivumelekanga enkundleni.
Ilungelo lokubhena. Ukuba ugwetyiwe, ummangalelwa unelungelo lokubhena ngesigwebo okanye isigwebo kwiinkundla eziphezulu, ngaphandle kokuba zilandela iinkqubo zomthetho ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxesha. Ilungelo lemfihlo kunye nemfihlo. Ngelixa izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo ziphathwa nzulu, umthetho ukwajolise ekukhuseleni ubumfihlo kunye neenkcukacha eziyimfihlo zomtyholwa ukunqanda ibala elingafanelekanga okanye ukonakaliswa kwegama, ingakumbi kumatyala angenabungqina obaneleyo.
Ukongeza, inkqubo yezomthetho ye-UAE ngokubanzi ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela/zokutolika kubantu abangathethi isiArabhu kwaye yenza indawo yokuhlala yabantu abakhubazekileyo okanye iimeko ezizodwa ngexesha leenkqubo zomthetho ezinxulumene namatyala okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba la malungelo kufuneka alungelelaniswe ngokuchasene nesidingo sokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo izityholo, ukukhusela amaxhoba, kunye nokugcina ukhuseleko loluntu. Nangona kunjalo, isakhelo somthetho se-UAE sijolise ekukhuseleni amalungelo asisiseko omtyholwa ecaleni kokuzisa ubulungisa.
Igqwetha leSexual Harassment Lingalinceda Njani Ityala Lakho?
Igqwetha elinesakhono leSexual Harassment linokubonelela ngoncedo oluxabisekileyo ngoku:
- Ukufumana ulwazi olunzulu lwe-UAE yokuxhatshazwa kunye nemithetho yohlaselo ukukucebisa kwiinkqubo zomthetho kunye nokukhusela amalungelo akho.
- Ukuqokelela ubungqina ngokucokisekileyo ngodliwano-ndlebe, ubungqina beengcali kunye nophando ukwakha ityala elinamandla.
- Ukukumela ngokufanelekileyo ngezakhono zokuthethela kunye namava enkundla xa ujongene nemiba ye-Harassment enobuzaza.
- Ukunxibelelana nabasemagunyeni, abaqeshi okanye amaziko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ziyalandelwa kwaye umdla wakho uyagcinwa.
Ngobuchule babo obukhethekileyo, igqwetha elinobuchule lingajongana nobunzima bamatyala e-Sexual Harassment kwaye liphucule kakhulu amathuba okuba neziphumo ezincumisayo.
