emsebenzini nzakala ziyinyani ngelishwa ezinokuba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kuzo zombini abasebenzi kwaye baqeshi. Esi sikhokelo siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo sezinto eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela nzakala oonobangela, izicwangciso zothintelo, kwakunye neendlela ezingcono zokuphatha nokusombulula iziganeko xa zisenzeka. Ngocwangciso oluthile kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo, amashishini anokunciphisa imingcipheko kwaye aququzelele ukhuseleko, ukuvelisa ngakumbi umsebenzi indawo.
Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zokwenzakala emsebenzini
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokubakho ingozi kwaye nzakala iingozi ezikhoyo kwiisethingi zomsebenzi. Ukuzazi ezi kunokunceda ukukhokela iinzame zokuthintela. Common izizathu ziquka:
- Iziliphu, iihambo kunye nokuwa – Ukuchitheka, imigangatho ephithizelayo, izibane ezingezizo
- Ukuphakamisa ukulimala – Ubuchule bokuphatha ngesandla obungafanelekanga
- Ukuphindaphinda okwenzakalisayo – Ukugoba rhoqo, ukujija
- Ukwenzakala okunxulumene nomatshini -Ukunqongophala kokugada, ukutshixa ngokungafanelekanga
- Ukungqubana kwemoto – Ukuqhuba okuphazamisekileyo, ukudinwa
- Ubundlobongela basemsebenzini -Ukungqubana ngokwasemzimbeni, uhlaselo oluxhobileyo
Iindleko kunye neeMpembelelo zokwenzakala emsebenzini
Ngaphandle kweempembelelo ezicacileyo zomntu, ukwenzakala emsebenzini kananjalo kuzisa iindleko neziphumo kuzo zombini sebenzi kwaye shishini. Oku kunokubandakanya:
- Iindleko zonyango – Unyango, imali yesibhedlele, amayeza
- Imveliso elahlekileyo – Ukungabikho emsebenzini, ilahleko yabasebenzi abanezakhono
- Izavenge eziphezulu ze-inshorensi – Izinga lembuyekezo yabasebenzi liyenyuka
- Imirhumo yezomthetho – Ukuba amabango okanye iingxabano zifakiwe
- Iindleko zokugaya abasebenzi – Ukutshintsha abasebenzi abonzakeleyo
- Izohlwayo kunye nokwaphulwa komthetho – Ngemigaqo yokhuseleko engaphumeleliyo
Ukuthintela iingozi ngaphambili kubalulekile ukunqanda ezi ziphumo zingalunganga kwaye ugcine imveliso, ikhuselekile umsebenzi indawo.
Uxanduva loMthetho lweMpilo noKhuseleko eMsebenzini
Kukho izibophelelo ezicacileyo ezisemthethweni ezijikeleze impilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini ejolise ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza uthintelo lokwenzakala. Kwimimandla emininzi, olu xanduva luqhubeka baqeshi kunye nabaphathi. Ezinye iimfuno eziphambili ziquka:
- Ukuqhuba ingozi vavanyo kunye nokunciphisa ingozi
- Ukubonelela ngemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko, iinkqubo kunye uqeqesho
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kokhuselo lomntu izixhobo
- Ukunika ingxelo kunye nokurekhoda iingozi emsebenzini
- Ukuququzelela ukubuyela emsebenzini kunye neendawo zokuhlala
Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nezi zibophelelo kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo solawulo, ukwaphulwa komgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezimangalo ezinokubakho ukuba nzakala amatyala awaphathwa kakuhle.
“Olona xanduva lukhulu ishishini kukuqinisekisa i yokhuseleko yayo abasebenzi.” -UHenry Ford
Ukuhlakulela Inkcubeko Yokhuseleko Oluqilima
Ukuseka inkcubeko yokhuseleko olomeleleyo ludlulela ngaphaya kwemigaqo-nkqubo esesikweni kwaye ijonga iimfuno zebhokisi. Ifuna ukubonisa inkathalo yokwenyani abaqeshwa intlalontle kunye nokuxhasa oku manyathelo olawulo aquka:
- Ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluvulelekileyo malunga nokhuseleko
- Ukuqhuba iintlanganiso zokhuseleko rhoqo kunye namaqhuqhuva
- Ukukhuthaza ingxelo yokwenzakala kunye nokungafihli
- Ukukhuthaza ukuchonga iingozi kunye nokucebisa uphuculo
- Ukubhiyozela imida yokhuseleko kunye neempumelelo
Oku kunceda ukudibanisa sebenzi, fumana ukuthengwa ukuze uqinise ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo uphucula kwindawo yokusebenzela.
IziCwangciso eziPhezulu zoThintelo lweNzakalo
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo idibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezilungiselelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokusebenzela iingozi. Common Amacandelo enkqubo yothintelo ebanzi abandakanya:
1. UVavanyo loKhuseleko rhoqo
- Hlola izixhobo, oomatshini, iindawo zokuphuma, izibane kunye neendawo zokugcina
- Hlaziya idatha yeziganeko zokhuseleko kunye neendlela zokulimala
- Chonga imingcipheko, ukwaphulwa kwekhowudi, okanye iinkxalabo ezivelayo
- Yiba nabasebenzi bezempilo nokhuseleko bavavanye imiba yobugcisa
2. Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neeNkqubo eziBhalileyo ezomeleleyo
- Chaza iindlela zokhuseleko ezifunekayo, izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo
- Ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokunciphisa umngcipheko
- Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho olusisinyanzelo kwimigangatho
- Hlaziya rhoqo njengoko imimiselo okanye izenzo ezingcono zikhula
3. UQeqesho olusebenzayo lwaBasebenzi
- Ukukhwela kunye noqhelaniso olutsha lokuqesha malunga neeprothokholi zokhuseleko
- Umyalelo othe ngqo wezixhobo, izinto ezinobungozi, izithuthi
- Ukuhlaziya imigaqo-nkqubo, izehlo ezitsha, iziphumo zohlolo
4. Ukhuseleko loomatshini kunye nokugada
- Faka imiqobo kunye noonogada malunga noomatshini abayingozi
- Qalisa iinkqubo ze-lock out tag out zolondolozo
- Qinisekisa ukuba ukuvalwa konxunguphalo kubhalwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kuyasebenza
5. Ukubonelela ngeSixhobo soKhuseleko soMntu (PPE)
- Yenza uhlolo lwengozi ukuchonga iimfuno
- Nikeza ngezixhobo ezifana nezigcina-ntloko, iiglavu, izixhobo zokuphefumla, ukhuselo lokuva
- Qeqesha abasebenzi ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neshedyuli yokutshintsha
6. UVavanyo lwe-Ergonomic kunye noPhuculo
- Ngaba i-ergonomists eqeqeshiweyo ivavanya uyilo lwendawo yokusebenza
- Ukuchonga imingcipheko yobunzima, i-sprains, ukulimala okuphindaphindiweyo
- Sebenzisa iidesika zokuhlala, ukubeka iliso kwiingalo, ukutshintshwa kwezitulo
"Akukho ndleko onokuthi uyibeke kubomi bomntu." – H. Ross Perot
Ukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo ekuthinteleni ukulimala kukhusela zombini impilo yabasebenzi kwaye i ishishini ngokwayo kwixesha elide.
Amanyathelo okuPhendula ngokuKhawulezayo ngokwenzakala emsebenzini
Ukuba ingozi iyenzeka, kubalulekile ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Amanyathelo okuqala angundoqo aquka:
1. Yima kwiQela elenzakeleyo
- Fowunela iinkonzo zikaxakeka ngoko nangoko ukuba ziyafuneka
- Ukulawula uncedo lokuqala kuphela ukuba ufanelekile ngokufanelekileyo
- Musa ukususa umsebenzi owenzakeleyo ngaphandle kokuba unobungozi
2. Khusela iNdawo
- Thintela ukwenzakala okungaphaya ukuba kungenzeki
- Thatha iifoto/amanqaku ommandla wengozi phambi kokucoca
3. Ingxelo phezulu
- Yazisa umphathi ukuze uncedo luthunyelwe
- Chonga nawaphi na amanyathelo akhawulezileyo okulungisa afunekayo
4. Gqibezela iNgxelo yezehlo
- Rekhoda iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ngelixa iinyani zisentsha
- Cela amangqina anike ingxelo ebhaliweyo
5. Funa Ukhathalelo Lonyango
- Lungiselela uthutho olufanelekileyo oluya esibhedlele/ugqirha
- Musa ukuvumela umsebenzi aziqhube ngelixa enzakele
- Nika iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ukuze ulandele inkxaso
Ukwazisa i-Inshurensi yeMbuyekezo yabaSebenzi
Kumonzakalo onxulumene nomsebenzi odinga unyango, isaziso esikhawulezileyo se-inshurensi siyafuneka ngokusemthethweni, rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24. Nika iinkcukacha zokuqala ezifana:
- Igama labasebenzi kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano
- Umphathi/igama lomphathi kunye nenombolo
- Inkcazo yokulimala kunye nenxalenye yomzimba
- Umhla, indawo kunye nexesha lesehlo
- Amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku (izithuthi, uncedo lokuqala)
Ukusebenzisana nophando lwe-inshurensi kunye nokubonelela ngamaxwebhu axhasayo ngundoqo ekuqhubeni amabango kwangexesha.
Ukuqhuba uPhando kwiiNgxaki
Ukuhlalutya izizathu ezisisiseko zokhuseleko emsebenzini ziganeko ibonelela ngemibono enokuthathelwa amanyathelo ukunqanda ukuphindaphinda. Amanyathelo kufuneka abandakanye:
- Ukuhlola izixhobo, izixhobo, PPE ebandakanyekayo
- Ukuxoxa Umsebenzi owenzakeleyo kunye namangqina ngokwahlukeneyo
- Ukujonga kwakhona imigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza
- Ukuchonga izikhewu, izenzo eziphelelwe lixesha, ukungabikho koqeqesho
- Ukubhalwa phantsi iziphumo zophando kwiingxelo
- Ukuhlaziya imigangatho nolawulo ngokufanelekileyo
Ukutyhila oonobangela, nokuba kukufutshane nokuphoswa okanye iminyhadala emincinci, kubalulekile ekuqhubeni uphuculo lokhuseleko oluqhubekayo kwixesha elide.
Ukuxhasa ukuBuyiswa kwabasebenzi abonzakeleyo kunye nokuBuyela emsebenzini
Ukunceda abasebenzi abalimele ngeenkqubo zonyango kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kukhuthaza ukuphilisa kunye nemveliso. Iinkqubo ezilungileyo zibandakanya:
1. Ukukhetha umntu onenqaku - ukulungelelanisa ukhathalelo, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukuncedisa ngamaphepha
2. Ukuphonononga imisebenzi elungisiweyo -ukuvumela ukubuyela kwangoko emsebenzini kunye nezithintelo
3. Ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezothutho - ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokulimala
4. Ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka – ukuya kwidinga ngaphandle kwesohlwayo
5. Ukukhusela ubukhulu kunye neenzuzo - ngexesha lekhefu lonyango
Inkqubo exhasayo, yonxibelelwano egxile kwi eyabasebenzi ifuna ukuphinda kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibuyele kumthamo opheleleyo xa ikwazi.
Ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo
Isiganeko ngasinye sibonelela ngokufundwayo ukomeleza iinkqubo zokhuseleko. Amanyathelo kufuneka abandakanye:
- Ukuphinda ujonge imigaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo ezikhoyo
- Ukuhlaziya Uvavanyo lomngcipheko olusekwe kwimiba emitsha echongiweyo
- Ukuhlaziywa umxholo woqeqesho lwabasebenzi apho izikhewu zolwazi ziye zavela khona
- Ukubandakanya abasebenzi ngeengcebiso zokuphucula ukhuseleko
- Ukulinganisa iinkqubo ukuze abaqeshwa abatsha bafunde ngokufanelekileyo
Ukhuseleko emsebenzini lufuna inkuthalo kunye nenguquko eqhubekayo ukunika ingxelo ngokutshintsha ukusebenza, imimiselo, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Iziseko zeNkqubo yoKhuseleko
Ngexesha ngalinye kwindawo yokusebenzela ijongene neengozi ezizodwa, ezinye izinto ezisisiseko zisebenza kuzo zonke iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezisebenzayo kuquka:
- Ukuchongwa kwengozi – ngohlolo nangengxelo
- Uvavanyo lomngcipheko - ukuvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nobukhali
- Imigangatho ebhaliweyo – imigaqo-nkqubo nezicwangciso ezicacileyo nezinokumetwa
- Iinkqubo zoqeqesho -ukukhwela kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhono okuqhubekayo
- Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo - ukugcinwa kothintelo kunye nokutshintshwa
- Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi - ukulandelela iziganeko, izenzo zokulungisa
- Inkcubeko yokhathalelo - imozulu yendawo yokusebenza igxile kwimpilo yabasebenzi
Isebenzisa ezi ntsika njengesikhokelo, imibutho inokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezibanzi ezilungiselelwe bona indawo.
“Ukhuseleko kunye nemveliso zihamba kunye. Awunakukwazi ukwenza utyalo-mali kukhuseleko.” – I-CEO yaseDuPont uCharles Holliday
Xa Uncedo Olongezelelweyo Lufuneka
Ngezehlo ezimandundu, ubuchwephesha beengcali bunokunceda amaqela angaphakathi kubandakanya:
- Umcebisi wezomthetho - kwiingxabano, iinkxalabo zoxanduva, ulawulo lwamabango
- Iingcali zembuyekezo yabasebenzi – nceda ngeenkqubo ze-inshorensi
- Abasebenzi bezococo -vavanya imichiza, ingxolo, imingcipheko yomgangatho womoya
- I-Ergonomists -vavanya ubunzima obuphindaphindiweyo kunye nezinto zokuzibhokoxa
- Abacebisi bokhuseleko lokwakha - hlola iindawo, imiba yezixhobo
- Abacebisi bokhuseleko – ukunika isikhokelo kubundlobongela, imingcipheko yobusela
Ukucofa iimbono zangaphandle, ezizimeleyo kunokukhanyisa izinto ezingahoywanga kunye nommandla wokuphucula inkqubo yokhuseleko.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ziziphi izibophelelo zam ezisemthethweni malunga nokuxela ukwenzakala emsebenzini?
- Imimandla emininzi ifuna ukuxela izehlo ezimandundu ezibandakanya ukulaliswa esibhedlele okanye ukufa kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo bezempilo nokhuseleko ngexesha elibekiweyo. Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi zokunika ingxelo nazo ziyasebenza.
Yintoni eyenza inkqubo ephumelelayo yokubuyela emsebenzini?
- Imisebenzi ehlengahlengisiweyo ngokusekelwe kwimida yezonyango, abaququzeleli abakhethiweyo, ukuguquguquka malunga nokuqeshwa, kunye nokukhusela abantu abadala / iinzuzo ngexesha lekhefu lonyango. Injongo kukuququzelela imveliso kunye nokubuyisela ngexesha elinye.
Kufuneka ndijonge kangaphi iipolisi zam zokhuseleko emsebenzini?
- Ngonyaka ubuncinci, kunye naluphi na ixesha iinkqubo zongezwa okanye zitshintshwa, izixhobo ezitsha zisetyenziswa, ukutshintshwa kwezinto, okanye iziganeko zokhuseleko zenzeka. Injongo yindaleko eqhubekayo ukuhambelana neenyani zokusebenza.
Zeziphi iimpawu ezilumkisayo endinokuthi ndifune ukubandakanya umcebisi wezomthetho malunga nokwenzakala?
- Ukuba iingxabano zivela malunga nesizathu sokwenzakala, ubukhali, imbuyekezo efanelekileyo, okanye izityholo zokungakhathali kokhuseleko okanye uxanduva. Amatyala antsonkothileyo abandakanya isigxina, ukufa okanye izohlwayo zolawulo nazo zihlala zixhamla kubuchwephesha bezomthetho.
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